Prognathism: Causes & Reasons

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Possible Causes for Prognathism

Acromegaly

Craniofacial soft tissue and skeletal changes including mandibular prognathism and disturbed occlusion are typical manifestations of the disease process. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Coarse facial features are evident, including prognathism and prominence of the malar eminences and supraorbital ridges. By permission of the publisher. [merckmanuals.com]

Facial skeleton elongation and mandibular overgrowth were combined with prognathism, malocclusion and overbite. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Smith-Magenis Syndrome

Radiographic findings suggest the prognathic appearance is not caused by excessive mandibular growth. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Infants are described as looking "cherubic" with a Down syndrome-like appearance, whereas with age the facial appearance is that of relative prognathism. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Their clinical manifestations included brachycephaly, midface hypoplasia, prognathism, upper lip eversion, short and broad hands with short fingers, clinodactyly of the fifth [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Gigantism

It appears in childhood and many morphological signs lead us to suspect it: enlarged hands and feet, thick skin, a prominent chin (called prognathism), and an abnormal tendency [health.ccm.net]

The patient had no obvious features of acromegaly, such as prognathism and broad fingers. ... ... [researchgate.net]

Pseudoacromegaly (acromegaly features, insulin resistance) Inactive ("burned-out") acromegaly (spontaneous remission due to pituitary adenoma infarction) Myxedema Isolated prognathism [accessmedicine.mhmedical.com]

Alpha-Mannosidosis

Clinical findings Macrocephaly, thickened calvaria, coarse face, macroglossia, wide-spaced teeth, prognathism, deafness, mental retardation, hepatosplenomegaly. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

The facial trait include large head with prominent forehead, rounded eyebrows, flattened nasal bridge, macroglossia, widely spaced teeth, and prognathism. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The facial dysmorphism is marked by a large head with a prominent forehead, rounded eyebrows, a flattened nasal bridge, macroglossia, widely spaced teeth, and prognathism. [orpha.net]

Launois Syndrome

Rapid linear growth, tall stature, large hands and feet, coarsening of facial features, prognathism, macroglossia, widely spaced teeth, and husky voice. [accessanesthesiology.mhmedical.com]

Cockayne Syndrome

[…] giving the patient a prematurely old appearance, sparse hair, mental retardation, sensorineural deafness, blindness due to retinal degeneration, coarse voice, deep eyes, prognathism [whonamedit.com]

A characteristic facies develops, resulting in a thin prominent nose, prognathism, sunken eyes, and a lack of subcutaneous fat. [hindawi.com]

[…] thin nose, “hollow” or sunken appearance to the eyes, large misshapen ears, poor eyelid closure and/or the abnormal forward projection of both the upper and lower jaws (prognathism [rarediseases.org]

Van Buchem Disease

The mandible is massive, prognathic, often asymmetric, and with an obtuse angle. The clavicles and ribs are broadened and dense because of cortical thickening. [slideheaven.com]

The mandible is prognathic, broadened and squared, and dental malocclusion is frequent [224]. The face may be distorted with relative midfacial hypo- 403 plasia. [slideheaven.com]

Mild autosomal recessive osteopetrosis This rare form is characterized by short stature, increased upper/lower segment ratio, mandibular prognathism, fractures following minimal [slideheaven.com]

Autosomal Recessive Osteopetrosis Type 3

Patients with this form have radiographic evidence of disease, short stature, macrocephaly, increased US/LS ratio decreased arm span, mandibular prognathism nerve compression [jpgmonline.com]

Some affected individuals may experience abnormal protrusion of the lower jaw (mandibular prognathism), dental anomalies, baby teeth that do not fall out (deciduous retention [rarediseases.org]

On extraoral examination hypertelorism, exophthalmos, depressed nasal bridge, broad face, and a prognathic mandible were noted. [hindawi.com]

Autosomal Dominant Prognathism

Summary of "Genetic Factors Involved in Mandibular Prognathism." [bioportfolio.com]

Hartsfield Abstract Often referred to as mandibular prognathism, the Class III phenotype can be a result of mandibular prognathism, maxillary hypoplasia (also termed maxillary [eurekaselect.com]

The etiology of mandibular prognathism is still uncertain, with various genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors possibly involved. [bioportfolio.com]

Mucopolysaccharidosis

Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are lysosomal storage disorders caused by the deficiency of enzymes needed for the stepwise breakdown of glycosaminoglycans (also known as mucopolysaccharides). During the last decades the enzyme deficiencies underlying each disease – as well as the molecular defects causing them –[…] [news-medical.net]

Micrognathism

Prognathism Specialty Orthodontics Prognathism is a positional relationship of the mandible or maxilla to the skeletal base where either of the jaws protrudes beyond a predetermined [en.wikipedia.org]

Prognathism is most commonly due to a normal variation among phenotypes but can also be a result of inbreeding, thumb sucking, various genetic abnormalities and acromegaly [picdeer.com]

Answer is A: prognathism. [imgrumtag.com]

Mucopolysaccharidosis Type 1

Crouzon Syndrome

Crouzon syndrome is an autosomal dominant genetic disease characterized by bicoronal craniosynostosis, exorbitism with hypertelorism, and maxillary hypoplasia with mandibular prognathism [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Oral manifestations are maxillary hypoplasia, maxillary dental crowding, ogival palatus, and relative mandibular prognathism. [moh-it.pure.elsevier.com]

[…] craniosynostosis syndrome, characterized by cloverleaf skull, hypertelorism, exophthalmos, external strabismus, parrot-beaked nose, short upper lip, hypoplastic maxilla, and mandibular prognathism [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Pyknodysostosis

Lateral cephalogram showed hypoplastic paranasal sinuses with relative mandibular prognathism ( Fig. 3B ). [synapse.koreamed.org]

Lateral cephalogram showed relative mandibular prognathism and hypoplastic midface [Figure 6]. [jiaomr.in]

Lateral cephalogram shows hypoplastic paranasal sinuses with relative mandibular prognathism. C. Hand-wrist radiograph shows acro-osteolysis of terminal phalanges. [synapse.koreamed.org]

Malocclusion

Abstract The present case report describes the orthodontic treatment of a young adult patient (18y / 1m), Class III skeletal malocclusion, with mandibular prognathism and [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Class III malocclusion is very common malocclusion and can be due to maxillary retrusion, mandibular prognathism, or combination. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

This has the some of the same effects on tooth alignment as maxillary prognathism. [toothiq.com]

Gigantism - Acromegaly

The mandible also characteristically enlarges resulting in prognathism and gaps between the teeth 10. [radiopaedia.org]

An Egyptian skull from the British museum with a very long face, enlarged mandible, mandibular prognathism, and malocclusion (Brothwell, 1991). [users.clas.ufl.edu]

It is characterized by bony enlargement of the FACE; lower jaw (PROGNATHISM); hands; FEET; HEAD; and THORAX. [fpnotebook.com]

Tricho-Dento-Osseous Syndrome

Prognathism is an extension or bulging out (protrusion) of the lower jaw (mandible). [nlm.nih.gov]

Jaw to cranial base anomaly Mandibular prognathia Mandibular prognathism Maxillary retrognathia Maxillary retrognathism Prognathism ICD-9-CM Volume 2 Index entries containing [icd9data.com]

Mandibular prognathism also called a severe underbite, is also a prominent feature in TDO. [en.wikipedia.org]

Craniometadiaphyseal Dysplasia

[…] obliteration of sinuses, thick bony wedge over the bridge of the nose and glabella (first sign), bony paranasal bossing (often regresses with age), normal stature, macrocephaly, prognathism [iofbonehealth.org]

Patients may present with dental caries, mandibular prognathism, spinal alignment, and disproportionate limb lengthening. [en.wikipedia.org]

The facial distortions include mandibular prognathism, dental malocclusion, ocular hypertelorism, depression of the paranasal bones, a relatively small nose, narrowing of [blackstar.forp.usp.br]

Spondyloepimetaphyseal Dysplasia Type SPONASTRIME

The potential for difficult direct laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation is present because of the large head, abnormal facies, and mild prognathism. [accessanesthesiology.mhmedical.com]

[…] lower limbs) associated with characterisitic facial dysmorphism (i.e. relative macrocephaly, frontal bossing, midface hypoplasia, depressed nasal root, small upturned nose, prognathism [orpha.net]

Craniofacial: large head, frontal bossing, epicanthal folds, midface hypoplasia, broad and anteverted “saddle” nose is characteristic, mild prognathism. [accessanesthesiology.mhmedical.com]

Crouzon Syndrome-Acanthosis Nigricans Syndrome

Crouzon syndrome with ancanthosis nigricans is characterized by proptosis, strabismus, mandibular prognathism, and pigmentary changes in the regions of skin folds (acanthosis [claritasgenomics.com]

[…] bones and structures, including hypertelorism, exophthalmos and external strabismus, parrot-beaked nose, short upper lip, hypoplastic maxilla, and a relative mandibular prognathism [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

[…] and exposure keratitis in the right eye, phthisis bulbi in the left eye, irregularly shaped vault with left side of the head enlarged, mid-facial hypoplasia, mandibular prognathism [ijdvl.com]

Anauxetic Dysplasia

[…] spaced eyes ( hypotelorism ), a flat or sunken appearance of the middle of the face (midface hypoplasia), an unusually large tongue (macroglossia), and a protruding chin ( prognathism [elbiruniblogspotcom.blogspot.com]

[…] short stature beginning prenatally, joint hypermobility, dental abnormalities, dysmorphic facial features (including hypertelorism, midface hypoplasia, macroglossia, and prognathism [orpha.net]

X-Linked Mandibulofacial Dysostosis

[…] factor receptor-2 FGFR2 10q26 176943 Crouzon craniofacial dysostosis 123500 AD craniosynostosis, parrot-beaked nose, short upper lip, hypoplastic maxilla, relative mandibular prognathism [widesmiles2.org]

[…] autosomal dominant condition marked by a pointed or conical skull, protruding wide-set eyes, strabismus, parrot-beaked nose, and hypoplastic maxilla with relative mandibular prognathism [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

[…] chondrodysplasia TM Patched PTC 9q22.3 601309 Basal cell nevus syndrome (Gorlin syndrome) 109400 AD macrocephaly, broad facies, frontal and biparietal bossing, mild mandibular prognathism [widesmiles2.org]

Congenital Macroglossia

Dribbling of saliva and mandible prognathism were also noted. [ejournals.ph]

Speech was intelligible, however he had difficulty producing the “r” speech sound and there was still prognathism of the mandible. ( Figure 5 ) Nine months follow up with [apamedcentral.org]

A 3-year-old girl visited our clinic because of congenital macroglossia, phonation problems, and prognathic appearance of the mandible. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Cleidocranial Dysplasia

[…] craniofacial features of CCD that stand out are a patency of the anterior fontanelle, an inverted pear-shaped calvaria, a hypertelorism, a general midface retrusion, and a mandible prognathism [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Depressed malar process and relative mandibular prognathism were seen in all the cases [Figure 1]. [joomr.org]

Furthermore, the head of a CCD patient is often characterized by a protruding forehead, an abnormally small upper jaw and thus mandibular prognathism. [symptoma.com]

Acrocephaly

There is frequently prognathism and a high narrow palatine arch. The anterior fontanelles may remain widely open. [ijo.in]

If the alveolar process is recessed with the rest of the maxillary compound, the protrusion of the normally developed mandible (relative prognathism) adds another factor to [jamanetwork.com]

[…] following: maxillary hypoplasia beak-shaped nose hypertelorism shallow orbits with proptosis and lagophthalmos high-arched palate with dental malocclusion relative mandibular prognathism [aao.org]

XXXXY Syndrome

The patient had pulmonary stenosis as well as mental retardation, hypogonadism, fifth finger and toe clinodactyly, genu valgus, pes cavus and mandibular prognathism. [jstage.jst.go.jp]

He had a characteristic facial appearance with prognathism, widened nasal bridge, and strabismus (Figs. 1 and 2). [journals.lww.com]

[…] have distinctive facial features which may include a large, flat nose with an up-turned tip; wide-set eyes (hypertelorism); epicanthal folds; protrusion of the lower jaw (prognathism [rareguru.com]

Familial Scaphocephaly Syndrome

[…] retardation / learning disability - Mid-facial hypoplasia / short / small midface Occasional - Broad / bifid big toe - Dilated cerebral ventricles without hydrocephaly - Prognathism [csbg.cnb.csic.es]

Franceschetti coined the term "pseudo Crouzon syndrome" to designate those cases which simulate the Crouzon syndrome, and in which patients do not have relative mandibular prognathism [contempclindent.org]

[…] characterized by craniosynostosis, hypertelorism, exophthalmos and external strabismus, parrot-beaked nose, short upper lip, hypoplastic maxilla, and a relative mandibular prognathism [ab-y-ss.com]

Osteoglophonic Dwarfism

Phenotype Craniofacial abnormalities, macroglossia, hypertrophy of the gums, severe dwarfism, mandibular prognathism, frontal bossing, and proptosis; gross stunting of stature [iofbonehealth.org]

[…] widely spaced eyes (hypertelorism) flattening of the bridge of the nose and of the middle of the face (midface hypoplasia) a large tongue (macroglossia) protruding jaw (prognathism [moldiag.com]

[…] spaced eyes ( hypertelorism ), flattening of the bridge of the nose and of the middle of the face ( midface hypoplasia ), a large tongue ( macroglossia ), a protruding jaw ( prognathism [ghr.nlm.nih.gov]

Pfeiffer-Palm-Teller Syndrome

[…] microcephalie epilepsy surdite Small size monodactylie palatine slit Small size bone wormiens dextrocardie Small size pigmentation anomaly backwardness Small size short prognathism [wikipedia.qwika.com]

Prognathism dominant[?] Progressive acromelanosis[?] Progressive black carbon hyperpigmentation of infancy[?] Progressive diaphyseal dysplasia[?] [encyclopedia.kids.net.au]

[…] stature pigmented nevi Progeria variant syndrome Ruvalcaba type Progeria Progeroid syndrome De Barsy type Progeroid syndrome Petty type Progeroid syndrome, Penttinen type Prognathism [bioreference.net]

Prata-Libéral-Gonçalves Syndrome

Prognathism dominant[?] Progressive acromelanosis[?] Progressive black carbon hyperpigmentation of infancy[?] Progressive diaphyseal dysplasia[?] [encyclopedia.kids.net.au]