Proinsulin Increased: Causes & Reasons

Possible Causes for Proinsulin Increased

[…] serum insulin level of 10 µU/mL or more Increased proinsulin level of ≥25% or ≥22 pmol After the biochemical diagnosis has been established, imaging studies are used to localize [symptoma.com]

Patients with insulinoma also show increased c-peptide and proinsulin levels. Insulin release of a diagnosed insulinoma can be inhibited by giving octreotide. [flexikon.doccheck.com]

It is useful to have both a basal and a suppressed sample for proinsulin, as this markedly increases the specificity of the diagnosis of insulinoma. [academic.oup.com]

Factitious Hypoglycemia

However, the increasing use of insulin analogues in lieu of human insulin has made such evaluations more difficult because commercially available insulin assays detect these [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Suspected insulinoma - Increased C-[e[tide, insulin, and proinsulin levels with low beta hydroxybutyrate serum concentrations is suggestive of insulinoma. [ebmconsult.com]

Use ofsulfonylureas induces an increase in proinsulin proportional to insulin, contrary to themore marked increase of proinsulin than insulin observed in insulinomas. [em-consulte.com]

Proprotein Convertase 1 Deficiency

Increased proinsulin levels are reported to be a marker of insulin resistance [ 24 ]. [bmcmedgenet.biomedcentral.com]

Hence, increased proinsulin concentration can not generally be seen as a marker of insulin resistance. [bmcmedgenet.biomedcentral.com]

However, in the state of much higher secretory demands following a glucose load, proinsulin levels and proinsulin-to-insulin ratios were increased in carriers of both SNPs [bmcmedgenet.biomedcentral.com]

Bardet-Biedl Syndrome Type 15

HEARING IMPAIRMENT Both siblings in family V had perceptive hearing loss and indications of type 2 diabetes with marginal glucose tolerance test, increased proinsulin, and [bjo.bmj.com]

Wolfram Syndrome

This phenotype may, at least partly, account for the evidence that Wfs1-null islets have impaired proinsulin processing, resulting in an increased circulating proinsulin level [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Abetalipoproteinemia

Serum proinsulin was increased, and serum insulin was low. Serum thyroid hormone, glucagon, parathormone, FSH, LH, ACTH, testosterone, estradiol and SH13G were normal. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Despite normal serum parathormone, serum-ionized calcium and 25-OH vitamin D were low, while serum bone alkaline phosphatase was increased. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Diabetes Mellitus

[…] in proinsulin secretion signaling impaired insulin processing, and an accumulation of islet amyloid polypeptide (a protein normally secreted with insulin ). [merck.com]

[…] in proinsulin secretion signaling impaired insulin processing, and an accumulation of islet amyloid polypeptide (a protein normally secreted with insulin). [msdmanuals.com]

[…] dysfunction and impaired insulin secretion, including impaired first-phase insulin secretion in response to IV glucose infusion, a loss of normally pulsatile insulin secretion, an increase [merck.com]

Insulin Resistance

[…] basal insulin secretion that is not compensated for by a corresponding increase in proinsulin biosynthesis translation. [doi.org]

Insulin promotes the storage of glucose and the uptake of amino acids, increases protein and lipid synthesis, and inhibits lipolysis and gluconeogenesis. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

The insulin secretion curve has been modified to allow for an increase in insulin secretion in response to a plasma glucose concentration of >10 mmol/l ( Fig. 1 A ). [doi.org]

Neoplasm of the Pancreas

Ishikawa et al. found an increase in proinsulin relative to insulin in pancreatic cancer patients [ 21 ], suggesting that the maturation of proinsulin may also be affected [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] were associated with an increased risk for pancreatic cancer. [doi.org]

However, in mutually adjusted models, only circulating markers of peripheral insulin resistance (proinsulin), rather than hyperglycemia (HbA1c) or pancreatic β-cell dysfunction [doi.org]

Metabolic Syndrome

Prothrombotic state with increased PAI-1 and fibrinogen[ 214 ]. [dx.doi.org]

Insulin resistance with measurements of fasting insulin/proinsulin levels, HOMA-IR[ 215 ], by Bergman Minimal Model[ 216 ], during oral glucose tolerance test[ 217 ], and [dx.doi.org]

Diabetes Mellitus Type 2

The Oslo Diet & Exercise Study (ODES) found significant (P<0.05) reductions in insulin resistance, fasting insulin (pmol/L), fasting C-peptide (pmol/L), fasting proinsulin [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] in proinsulin secretion signaling impaired insulin processing, and an accumulation of islet amyloid polypeptide (a protein normally secreted with insulin ). [msdmanuals.com]

(pmol/L), fasting blood glucose (mmol/L), BMI (kg/m(2)), mBP (mmHg) and fasting triglycerides (mmol/L), and a significant increase in fasting HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) and [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Bacterial Vaginosis

There was seasonal variation in 25(OH)D concentrations ( P P =0.03) and higher fasting proinsulin concentrations ( P =0.04). [dx.doi.org]

It is not associated with an increased risk of gestational diabetes, impaired fetal growth or altered neonatal cord plasma insulin secretory profile. [dx.doi.org]

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

However, these effects did not translate into increased live-birth rates. [doi.org]

Increased insulin resistance and insulin secretion in nondiabetic African-Americans and Hispanics compared with non-Hispanic whites. [doi.org]

[…] studies, we found that the groups receiving metformin (both the metformin group and the combination-therapy group) had improved insulin sensitivity (including effects on BMI, proinsulin [doi.org]

Acquired Epileptic Aphasia

If cardiac output de- testing to evaluate and usually cannot be assessed by creases, in spite of an increased heart rate, then arterial physical examination. [woodsholemuseum.org]

As indicated previ- oral glucose promotes the secretion of GI hormones that Connecting peptide NH2 COOH Proinsulin C-peptide NH COOH 2 A chain NH2 COOH B chain Insulin FIGURE [woodsholemuseum.org]

Myotonic Dystrophy

Individuals with DM1 and DM2 have peripheral insulin resistance and increased proinsulin levels that can lead to glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinemia, and an increased risk [karger.com]

Diabetes Mellitus Type 1

[…] in proinsulin secretion signaling impaired insulin processing, and an accumulation of islet amyloid polypeptide (a protein normally secreted with insulin). [msdmanuals.com]

Nothnagel Syndrome

In young, lean subjects and healthy offspring of diabetics, elevated pp TG levels were associated with insulin resistance, elevated proinsulin levels, increased intra-abdominal [eje.bioscientifica.com]

Diabetic Hypoglycemia

and beta hydroxybutyrate (BHOB) every six hours until the glucose concentration is below 60 mg/dL (3.3 mmol/L); at this point, the frequency of sampling should be increased [slideshare.net]

[…] are calorie and caffeine free. 3) Ensure that the patient is active during waking hours. 4) Collect blood specimens for measurement of plasma glucose, insulin, C-peptide, proinsulin [slideshare.net]

[…] to every one to two hours.  Although blood is collected repeatedly, we measure insulin, C- peptide, and proinsulin only in those specimens in which the plasma glucose concentration [slideshare.net]

Zinc Deficiency

[…] of Langerhans in increased amounts via an unregulated pathway. [doi.org]

Am Fam Physician 37:267–270 PubMed Google Scholar Carroll RJ, Hammer RE, Chan SJ, Swift HH, Rubenstein AH, Steiner DF (1988) A mutant human proinsulin is secreted from islets [doi.org]

Familial Combined Hyperlipidemia

The increase of s-ICAM-1 in asymptomatic hyperlipidemic members of FCH families reflects their high cardiovascular risk. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

There was a significant correlation between s-ICAM-1 and apoB (r = 0.42; p < 0.01) in hyperlipidemic subjects and between s-ICAM-1 and proinsulin (r = 0.54; p < 0.01) in normolipidemic [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Somatostatinoma

Insulinoma: Fasting hypoglycaemia ( Proinsulin and C-peptide test: proinsulin, C-peptide and insulin are all increased in patients with insulinoma. [patient.info]

[…] insulin, proinsulin, glucagon, somatostatin, gastrin, pancreatic polypeptide, serotonin, ACTH… [ 22 ]. [em-consulte.com]

Administration of insulin causes elevated insulin levels but normal or low proinsulin and C-peptide levels. [patient.info]

Microangiopathy

Schneider and Sobel46 demonstrated increased synthesis of PAI-1 when cultured hepatocytes (hepg2) were stimulated by insulin and insulinlike growth factor. [ahajournals.org]

Even proinsulin augments the activity of PAI-1 in endothelial cells.47 In human atherosclerotic arteries, the expression of the PAI-1 gene is predominantly localized in the [ahajournals.org]

Long QT Syndrome

[…] and proinsulin and higher ISR, P < 10 −5 ( Fig. 2 ). β-Cell sensitivity to glucose, evaluated as the slope of the relation between ISR and glucose, was significantly greater [doi.org]

[…] insulin responses to oral glucose stimulation (AUC 45.6 ±6.3 vs. 26.0 ± 2.8 min ⋅ nmol/L insulin), P < 10 −5, as well as significantly increased serum levels of C-peptide [doi.org]

[…] glucose levels compared with matched control participants 3 h after glucose ingestion (4.4 ± 0.3 vs. 5.4 ± 0.5 mmol/L glucose, P = 0.03 [ Fig. 1 ]) and had significantly increased [doi.org]

Ventricular Arrhythmia

[…] and proinsulin and higher ISR, P < 10 −5 ( Fig. 2 ). β-Cell sensitivity to glucose, evaluated as the slope of the relation between ISR and glucose, was significantly greater [doi.org]

[…] insulin responses to oral glucose stimulation (AUC 45.6 ±6.3 vs. 26.0 ± 2.8 min ⋅ nmol/L insulin), P < 10 −5, as well as significantly increased serum levels of C-peptide [doi.org]

[…] glucose levels compared with matched control participants 3 h after glucose ingestion (4.4 ± 0.3 vs. 5.4 ± 0.5 mmol/L glucose, P = 0.03 [ Fig. 1 ]) and had significantly increased [doi.org]

Hereditary Neonatal Hyperparathyroidism

In this case, diabetes appears earlier in males than in females, with low plasma insulin concentration and increased proinsulin/insulin ratio, which in the long-term may lead [ojrd.biomedcentral.com]

Drug-Induced Hypoglycemia

and beta hydroxybutyrate (BHOB) every six hours until the glucose concentration is below 60 mg/dL (3.3 mmol/L); at this point, the frequency of sampling should be increased [slideshare.net]

VIPoma

Insulinoma: Fasting hypoglycaemia ( Proinsulin and C-peptide test: proinsulin, C-peptide and insulin are all increased in patients with insulinoma. [patient.info]

Administration of insulin causes elevated insulin levels but normal or low proinsulin and C-peptide levels. [patient.info]

Gardnerella Vaginitis

There was seasonal variation in 25(OH)D concentrations ( P P =0.03) and higher fasting proinsulin concentrations ( P =0.04). [dx.doi.org]

It is not associated with an increased risk of gestational diabetes, impaired fetal growth or altered neonatal cord plasma insulin secretory profile. [dx.doi.org]

Alcohol-Induced Hypoglycemia

and beta hydroxybutyrate (BHOB) every six hours until the glucose concentration is below 60 mg/dL (3.3 mmol/L); at this point, the frequency of sampling should be increased [slideshare.net]

Insulin-Resistance Syndrome Type B

Insulin promotes the storage of glucose and the uptake of amino acids, increases protein and lipid synthesis, and inhibits lipolysis and gluconeogenesis. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

Glucose." http://www.niddk.nih.gov/welcome/releases/02-06-02.htm. insulin [ in´su-lin ] 1. the major fuel-regulating hormone of the body, a double-chain protein formed from proinsulin [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]