Prolactin Increased: Causes & Reasons

Possible Causes for Prolactin Increased

Postoperatively, prolactin remained elevated (725-891 ng/ml) and cabergoline was increased to 1 mg three times weekly, with serum prolactin further increasing to 3507 ng/ml [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Hypothyroidism People affected with hypothyroidism often experience increased prolactin levels. [hxbenefit.com]

Causes of high prolactin levels in the blood: Primary Hypothyroidism : this is due to increased TRH levels which is known to stimulate prolactin levels Renal failure : prolactin [houstonendocrine.com]

Hyperprolactinemia

[…] hyperprolactinemia [ hi″per-pro-lak″tin-e´me-ah ] increased levels of prolactin in the blood; in women it is associated with amenorrhea and often galactorrhea, and it has [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

Increased prolactin levels are commonly observed in various organ and multi-organ specific autoimmune diseases. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Serum prolactin level can be increased in hyperthyroidism. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Forbes-Albright Syndrome

However, increased prolactin serum concentration doesn’t always cause galactorrhea. [checkorphan.org]

Symptoms - Forbes Albright syndrome Increased prolactin secretion Enlarged pituitary gland Galactorrhea Absence of menstruation Lack of ovulation Causes - Forbes Albright [checkorphan.org]

Hypothyroidism People affected with hypothyroidism often experience increased prolactin levels. [hxbenefit.com]

Herpes Zoster Infection of the Chest Wall

[…] inhibitory factor is reduced, thereby increasing the levels of prolactin and leading to galactorrhea. [1] References 1. [ijdvl.com]

Increased physical exertion, sexual intercourse, seizures, and hypoglycemia can also stimulate prolactin release. [barnardhealth.us]

[…] mediated by stimuli sent through intercostal nerves to the posterior column of the spinal cord, to the mesencephalon, and finally to the hypothalamus, where the secretion of prolactin [ijdvl.com]

Empty Sella Syndrome

[…] to increase after thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH, 500 microgram), confirmed the diagnosis of panhypopituitarism. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

CFS - almost all of these have been found in some degree or the other in CFS Prolactin,for instance, is increased J. Affect Disord. 1996 Nov 4;41(1):71-6. [phoenixrising.me]

[…] primary empty sella (PES) syndrome, a study of the CSF dynamics was done by evaluating both the absorptive reserve by a lumbar infusion test at constant rate, and/or the ICP increase [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Pituitary Stalk Section

However, a chordoma presenting with increased prolactin levels ("pseudoprolactinoma"), as in this case, is very rare. [cancerjournal.net]

In addition, prolactin secretion increases progressively during pregnancy. [britannica.com]

As the name “prolactin” suggests, this hormone is secreted in increasing amounts during pregancy to prepare the breasts for lactation. [fitzgeraldmd.com]

Craniopharyngioma

In this paper we report a case of mixed pituitary adenoma/craniopharyngioma observed in a 75-year-old woman presenting with diplopia and slight increase of serum prolactin [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] sensitivity to cold Fatigue Constipation Dry skin Nausea Low blood pressure Depression Diabetes insipidus Excessive thirst Excessive urination Increased prolactin levels, [barrowneuro.org]

Pituitary stalk compression can also cause diabetes insipidus and may increase prolactin levels causing a milky discharge from the breast (galactorrhea). [pituitary.org]

Giant-Cell Granulomatous Hypophysitis

The preoperative serum endocrine levels revealed thyroid and adrenal axis insufficiencies, but increased of levels of prolactin. [cnjournal.biomedcentral.com]

Hormonal measurements showed normal levels but a slight increase of prolactin. [omicsonline.org]

The preoperative endocrine levels in serum revealed insufficiency of the thyroid, gonadotropin and adrenal axes, with increased levels of prolactin. [cnjournal.biomedcentral.com]

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Bromocriptine was started with 1.25 mg/day and increased to 5 mg/day. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

In particular, women with PCOS are known to have raised levels of 'male hormones' such as testosterone, Prolactin and LH, and are often deficient in SHBG – which also increases [independent.co.uk]

After six months of bromocriptine treatment her prolactin level was normal and no adenoma was detected in pituitary MRI. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Pituitary Adenoma

Some women produce breast milk even though they are not breastfeeding ( galactorrhea ) because of a related increase in prolactin. [merck.com]

Prolactinomas increase blood levels of prolactin. [imperialendo.com]

It is reasonable to stop medication after 5 years of treatment and follow the prolactin level – if prolactin increases above normal or if there is tumor growth on the MRI, [med.virginia.edu]

Chromophobe Adenoma

Thioridazine was found to increase the serum prolactin level as well as the tumor size of a prolactin--secreting pituitary chromophobe adenoma in a schizophrenic man [12]. [wikigenes.org]

Prolactin values of approximately 50 ng/mL are associated with a 25% tumor incidence and values of 100 ng/mL with a 47% increased incidence; levels greater than 200 ng/mL [glowm.com]

Compression of the stalk impedes the transfer of dopamine, leading to an increased release of prolactin from pituitary lactotropes. [pituitaryadenomas.com]

Acromegaly

[…] in serum prolactin levels (43.2 ng/mL). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

At the same time, serum somatomedin C levels measured serially were normal (29 to 111 ng/mL), whereas simultaneous prolactin levels were moderately increased (30 to 147 ng [pediatrics.aappublications.org]

Some women produce breast milk even though they are not breastfeeding ( galactorrhea ) because of a related increase in prolactin. [msdmanuals.com]

Autoimmune Hypophysitis

[…] and is increased in the disease, is considered. antipituitary antibody autoimmune disease cytokine immune system lymphocytic hypophysitis (LYH) prolactin Abbreviations: APA [clinsci.org]

The Pisa study also highlights the increasing complexity of pituitary autoimmunity. [doi.org]

In addition, although the mechanisms underlying LYH are not completely understood, the role of prolactin, which plays an important part in maintaining immune system homoeostasis [clinsci.org]

Aromatic L-Amino Acid Decarboxylase Deficiency

Her brother referred a difficulty to gain weight, sleep disorders with insomnia, increased prolactin levels and some episodes of bradycardia, hypotension and hypoglycemia. [journals.lww.com]

Urine neopterin is increased and biopterin is reduced. The serum prolactin can be raised. [tp.amegroups.com]

Other diagnostic tests in AADCD Prolactin Prolactin in blood can be increased in dopamine biosynthesis disorders, because dopamine serves as an inhibitor of prolactin secretion [ojrd.biomedcentral.com]

Addison Disease

Prolactin may be increased in newly diagnosed celiac children and adolescents and decreases after 6 months of gluten-free diet. [doi.org]

In some studies, prolactin levels were increased in recently diagnosed CD in pediatric patients and these levels decreased over a few months with a gluten-free diet[ 83, 84 [doi.org]

Serum prolactin in celiac disease. J Trop Pediatr. 2004; 50 :37-40. [ PubMed ] [ DOI ] 84. Delvecchio M, Faienza MF, Lonero A, Rutigliano V, Francavilla R, Cavallo L. [doi.org]

Haldol

In rare cases, haloperidol may increase your level of a certain chemical made by the body ( prolactin ). [webmd.com]

For females, this increase in prolactin may result in unwanted breast milk, missed/stopped periods, or difficulty becoming pregnant. [webmd.com]

Diabetic Ketotic Coma

[…] complicates insulin replacement during pregnancy, increasing the likelihood of hypoglycemic episodes. 61 Management Patients who are alert, have mild signs and symptoms, [ahcmedia.com]

Fluctuations in insulin levels are due to hormonal changes, most notably cortisol, progesterone, estrogen, prolactin, and human placental lactogen. 61 Glucose level variation [ahcmedia.com]

Langerhans-Cell Histiocytosis

Follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and prolactin levels continued to be low. No serum growth hormone level assessment was performed. [nature.com]

There was also an absence of compensatory increase in intact serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) level, the level being 8.2 pmol/L (normal range: 4.7–48.5 pmol/L). [nature.com]

Myxedema

[…] kinase, Hematocrit, Glucose and Prolactin are also measured. [hxbenefit.com]

Other findings may include checking: Elevated 3rd generation TSH level Elevated Cholesterol Increase in liver enzymes Low Sodium level Increase in Antimicrosomal antibodies [hxbenefit.com]

(if Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis is present) Increase in Antithyroglobulin antibodies (for Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis) Low or below normal T4 level Changes in levels of Creatinine [hxbenefit.com]

Wiedemann-Rautenstrauch Syndrome

Arboleda et al. (1997) reported increased levels of prolactin, testosterone, estradiol, and T4, with normal TSH levels and increased serum triglycerides and very low density [omim.org]

Hypothalamic Lesion

[…] growth of the long bones and other tissues prolactin causes the mammillary glands to produce milk thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) stimulates the thyroid gland to produce [brainaacn.org]

[…] promoting glucose mobilization into the blood stream. growth hormone (GH) causes the liver, kidneys, and other organs to produce insulin-like growth factors which promote increased [brainaacn.org]

Thiothixene

In rare cases, thiothixene may increase your level of a certain chemical made by the body ( prolactin ). [webmd.com]

Tuberoinfundibular pathway: Hyperprolactinemia Dopamine acts as prolactin-inhibiting factor, D2 blockade increases prolactin levels by promoting its release in the pituitary [psychopharmacologyinstitute.com]

[…] your level of a certain chemical made by the body ( prolactin ). [medicinenet.com]

Hypoglycemia

A 71-year-old woman previously diagnosed with reactive hypoglycemia was transferred to our emergency unit because of loss of consciousness. Her plasma glucose level was 27 mg/dL, and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) revealed postprandial asymptomatic hypoglycemia. A hypervascular tumor was identified via[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Third Trimester Pregnancy

OBJECTIVE: To perform a prospective, observational study in a tertiary center to determine whether anemia (hemoglobin level < 10 g/dL) developing in the third trimester was associated with an increased placental weight/birth weight ratio (placental ratio) and whether the placental ratio correlated with the[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Acute Amphetamine Intoxication

CRC Press, 29.11.2006 - 560 Seiten The Color Atlas of Human Poisoning and Envenoming is the only full-color resource available for the immediate visual association and the rapid identification of envenoming species, resultant lesions, clinical outcomes of envenoming or poisoning, and recommended treatment strategies to[…] [books.google.de]

Chronic Kidney Insufficiency

Chronic kidney insufficiency affects a significant number of individuals in the developed countries, particularly the United States. The progressive nature of the disease and a substantial reduction in the quality of life over the period of time are the primary reasons why an early diagnosis is crucial. Anemia,[…] [symptoma.com]

Phenothiazine

We report the second case of a patient given long-term phenothiazine therapy, which is known to increase serum prolactin levels. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Nigrostriatal pathway: Extrapyramidal Symptoms Antagonism of D2 receptors in the nigrostriatal pathway is associated with increased risk of extrapyramidal symptoms. [psychopharmacologyinstitute.com]

Acute Kidney Injury

Definition (NCI) Acute renal failure caused by the cell death of the renal tubules. Causes include nephrotoxins, cytotoxic drugs, and antibiotics. Definition (MSH) Acute kidney failure resulting from destruction of EPITHELIAL CELLS of the KIDNEY TUBULES. It is commonly attributed to exposure to toxic agents or renal[…] [fpnotebook.com]

Small-Cell Carcinoma of the Lung

Metastasis from small-cell carcinoma of the lung (SCCL) has most frequently been found in the lymph nodes, bones, brain, and liver. We have reported a case of metastatic SCCL located in the uveal layer of both eyes (choroidal in one and iridic in the other), an extremely rare occurrence. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Bronchogenic Carcinoma

We report a case of localized fibrous mesothelioma (LFM) of the pleura with bronchogenic carcinoma. LFM arose in the visceral pleura of the upper lobe in the left lung, and lung adenocarcinoma was located in the ipsilateral lower lobe. LFM is a rare mesenchymal tumor of the pleura. Concomitant occurrence with[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]