Prolactin Increased: Causes & Reasons

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Possible Causes for Prolactin Increased

Prolactinoma

Causes of high prolactin levels in the blood: Primary Hypothyroidism : this is due to increased TRH levels which is known to stimulate prolactin levels Renal failure : prolactin [houstonendocrine.com]

Hypothyroidism People affected with hypothyroidism often experience increased prolactin levels. [hxbenefit.com]

The pituitary enlarges and prolactin production increases during normal pregnancy in women without pituitary disorders. [en.wikipedia.org]

Hyperprolactinemia

Hyperprolactinemia is characterized by an increased level of prolactin in the blood. [ingenes.com]

The level of Prolactin increases in the Blood than the normal level. This leads to Hyperlactation, Menstrual Problems and Galactorrhea. [herbpathy.com]

Increased prolactin levels are commonly observed in various organ and multi-organ specific autoimmune diseases. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Forbes-Albright Syndrome

However, increased prolactin serum concentration doesn’t always cause galactorrhea. [checkorphan.org]

Symptoms - Forbes Albright syndrome Increased prolactin secretion Enlarged pituitary gland Galactorrhea Absence of menstruation Lack of ovulation Causes - Forbes Albright [checkorphan.org]

Hypothyroidism People affected with hypothyroidism often experience increased prolactin levels. [hxbenefit.com]

Pituitary Stalk Section

In addition, prolactin secretion increases progressively during pregnancy. [britannica.com]

However, a chordoma presenting with increased prolactin levels ("pseudoprolactinoma"), as in this case, is very rare. [cancerjournal.net]

As the name “prolactin” suggests, this hormone is secreted in increasing amounts during pregancy to prepare the breasts for lactation. [fitzgeraldmd.com]

Empty Sella Syndrome

[…] to increase after thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH, 500 microgram), confirmed the diagnosis of panhypopituitarism. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

CFS - almost all of these have been found in some degree or the other in CFS Prolactin,for instance, is increased J. Affect Disord. 1996 Nov 4;41(1):71-6. [phoenixrising.me]

[…] primary empty sella (PES) syndrome, a study of the CSF dynamics was done by evaluating both the absorptive reserve by a lumbar infusion test at constant rate, and/or the ICP increase [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Herpes Zoster Infection of the Chest Wall

[…] inhibitory factor is reduced, thereby increasing the levels of prolactin and leading to galactorrhea. [1] References 1. [ijdvl.com]

Increased physical exertion, sexual intercourse, seizures, and hypoglycemia can also stimulate prolactin release. [barnardhealth.us]

[…] mediated by stimuli sent through intercostal nerves to the posterior column of the spinal cord, to the mesencephalon, and finally to the hypothalamus, where the secretion of prolactin [ijdvl.com]

Craniopharyngioma

[…] sensitivity to cold Fatigue Constipation Dry skin Nausea Low blood pressure Depression Diabetes insipidus Excessive thirst Excessive urination Increased prolactin levels, [barrowneuro.org]

Pituitary stalk compression can also cause diabetes insipidus and may increase prolactin levels causing a milky discharge from the breast (galactorrhea). [pituitary.org]

In this paper we report a case of mixed pituitary adenoma/craniopharyngioma observed in a 75-year-old woman presenting with diplopia and slight increase of serum prolactin [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Haldol

In rare cases, haloperidol may increase your level of a certain chemical made by the body ( prolactin ). [webmd.com]

For females, this increase in prolactin may result in unwanted breast milk, missed/stopped periods, or difficulty becoming pregnant. [webmd.com]

Giant-Cell Granulomatous Hypophysitis

The preoperative serum endocrine levels revealed thyroid and adrenal axis insufficiencies, but increased of levels of prolactin. [cnjournal.biomedcentral.com]

Hormonal measurements showed normal levels but a slight increase of prolactin. [omicsonline.org]

The preoperative endocrine levels in serum revealed insufficiency of the thyroid, gonadotropin and adrenal axes, with increased levels of prolactin. [cnjournal.biomedcentral.com]

Pituitary Adenoma

Some women produce breast milk even though they are not breastfeeding ( galactorrhea ) because of a related increase in prolactin. [merck.com]

Prolactinomas increase blood levels of prolactin. [imperialendo.com]

It is reasonable to stop medication after 5 years of treatment and follow the prolactin level – if prolactin increases above normal or if there is tumor growth on the MRI, [med.virginia.edu]

Chromophobe Adenoma

Thioridazine was found to increase the serum prolactin level as well as the tumor size of a prolactin--secreting pituitary chromophobe adenoma in a schizophrenic man [12]. [wikigenes.org]

Prolactin values of approximately 50 ng/mL are associated with a 25% tumor incidence and values of 100 ng/mL with a 47% increased incidence; levels greater than 200 ng/mL [glowm.com]

Compression of the stalk impedes the transfer of dopamine, leading to an increased release of prolactin from pituitary lactotropes. [pituitaryadenomas.com]

Acromegaly

[…] in serum prolactin levels (43.2 ng/mL). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

At the same time, serum somatomedin C levels measured serially were normal (29 to 111 ng/mL), whereas simultaneous prolactin levels were moderately increased (30 to 147 ng [pediatrics.aappublications.org]

Some women produce breast milk even though they are not breastfeeding ( galactorrhea ) because of a related increase in prolactin. [msdmanuals.com]

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Bromocriptine was started with 1.25 mg/day and increased to 5 mg/day. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

In particular, women with PCOS are known to have raised levels of 'male hormones' such as testosterone, Prolactin and LH, and are often deficient in SHBG – which also increases [independent.co.uk]

After six months of bromocriptine treatment her prolactin level was normal and no adenoma was detected in pituitary MRI. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Autoimmune Hypophysitis

[…] and is increased in the disease, is considered. antipituitary antibody autoimmune disease cytokine immune system lymphocytic hypophysitis (LYH) prolactin Abbreviations: APA [clinsci.org]

The Pisa study also highlights the increasing complexity of pituitary autoimmunity. [doi.org]

In addition, although the mechanisms underlying LYH are not completely understood, the role of prolactin, which plays an important part in maintaining immune system homoeostasis [clinsci.org]

Addison Disease

Prolactin may be increased in newly diagnosed celiac children and adolescents and decreases after 6 months of gluten-free diet. [doi.org]

In some studies, prolactin levels were increased in recently diagnosed CD in pediatric patients and these levels decreased over a few months with a gluten-free diet[ 83, 84 [doi.org]

Serum prolactin in celiac disease. J Trop Pediatr. 2004; 50 :37-40. [ PubMed ] [ DOI ] 84. Delvecchio M, Faienza MF, Lonero A, Rutigliano V, Francavilla R, Cavallo L. [doi.org]

Diabetic Ketotic Coma

[…] complicates insulin replacement during pregnancy, increasing the likelihood of hypoglycemic episodes. 61 Management Patients who are alert, have mild signs and symptoms, [ahcmedia.com]

Fluctuations in insulin levels are due to hormonal changes, most notably cortisol, progesterone, estrogen, prolactin, and human placental lactogen. 61 Glucose level variation [ahcmedia.com]

Langerhans-Cell Histiocytosis

Follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and prolactin levels continued to be low. No serum growth hormone level assessment was performed. [nature.com]

There was also an absence of compensatory increase in intact serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) level, the level being 8.2 pmol/L (normal range: 4.7–48.5 pmol/L). [nature.com]

Myxedema

[…] kinase, Hematocrit, Glucose and Prolactin are also measured. [hxbenefit.com]

Other findings may include checking: Elevated 3rd generation TSH level Elevated Cholesterol Increase in liver enzymes Low Sodium level Increase in Antimicrosomal antibodies [hxbenefit.com]

(if Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis is present) Increase in Antithyroglobulin antibodies (for Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis) Low or below normal T4 level Changes in levels of Creatinine [hxbenefit.com]

Aromatic L-Amino Acid Decarboxylase Deficiency

Urine neopterin is increased and biopterin is reduced. The serum prolactin can be raised. [tp.amegroups.com]

Wiedemann-Rautenstrauch Syndrome

Arboleda et al. (1997) reported increased levels of prolactin, testosterone, estradiol, and T4, with normal TSH levels and increased serum triglycerides and very low density [omim.org]

Hypothalamic Lesion

[…] growth of the long bones and other tissues prolactin causes the mammillary glands to produce milk thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) stimulates the thyroid gland to produce [brainaacn.org]

[…] promoting glucose mobilization into the blood stream. growth hormone (GH) causes the liver, kidneys, and other organs to produce insulin-like growth factors which promote increased [brainaacn.org]

Thiothixene

In rare cases, thiothixene may increase your level of a certain chemical made by the body ( prolactin ). [webmd.com]

Tuberoinfundibular pathway: Hyperprolactinemia Dopamine acts as prolactin-inhibiting factor, D2 blockade increases prolactin levels by promoting its release in the pituitary [psychopharmacologyinstitute.com]

[…] your level of a certain chemical made by the body ( prolactin ). [medicinenet.com]

Phenothiazine

We report the second case of a patient given long-term phenothiazine therapy, which is known to increase serum prolactin levels. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Nigrostriatal pathway: Extrapyramidal Symptoms Antagonism of D2 receptors in the nigrostriatal pathway is associated with increased risk of extrapyramidal symptoms. [psychopharmacologyinstitute.com]

Reserpine

Increase in serum prolactin with chronic administration of rauwolfia alkaloids; overdoses may cause initial increase in excretion of urinary catecholamines; decreases with [robholland.com]

Newball HH, Byar DP "Does reserpine increase prolactin and exacerbate cancer of prostate? Case control study." Urology 2 (1973): 525-9 32. [drugs.com]

Hypothalamic Dysfunction

Increased endorphin production leads to increased prolactin production and inhibition of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone and thyroid-stimulating hormone release. [nature.com]

[…] levels (checked annually) do not increase substantially and there is no evidence of tumour enlargement. [patient.info]

[…] with hypogonadism and microprolactinomas who do not wish to become pregnant may be treated for their hypogonadism with oestrogen-containing contraception, as long as their prolactin [patient.info]

Breastfeeding

Effects on Lactation and Breastmilk Oxycodone can increase serum prolactin.[13] However, the prolactin level in a mother with established lactation may not affect her ability [drugs.com]

Dearlove 1981 demonstrated that giving lactating women extra fluids neither increased serum prolactin nor milk yield, and therefore cautioned against encouraging drinking [doi.org]

Furthermore, increased body weight during and after pregnancy would tend to increase bone density, especially of the lower extremities, by mechanical loading. [aje.oxfordjournals.org]

Menstruation

KEYWORDS: antipsychotic drug; menstruation; prolactin [Indexed for MEDLINE] Free full text [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Other findings related to hypothalamic amenorrhea include elevated nighttime serum growth hormone levels and lower 24 h prolactin levels [ 11 ]. [doi.org]

Based on these results, we concluded that patients with menstrual disorders presented increased serum PRL, and that most of them underwent treatment with risperidone. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Oral Contraceptive

Enhanced expression of factor XII (Hageman factor) in isolated livers of estrogen- and prolactin-treated rats. J Lab Clin Med 1991;117:353-8. [ebmconsult.com]

Increased fibrinolytic activity during use of oral contraceptives is counteracted by an enhanced factor XI-independent down regulation of fibrinolysis: a randomized cross-over [ebmconsult.com]

Postpartum Period

Additionally, the increase in pressure triggers an inhibitor of lactation (FIL) which decreases prolactin levels and triggers mammary involution within 2-3 weeks. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Hypoglycemia

A 71-year-old woman previously diagnosed with reactive hypoglycemia was transferred to our emergency unit because of loss of consciousness. Her plasma glucose level was 27 mg/dL, and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) revealed postprandial asymptomatic hypoglycemia. A hypervascular tumor was identified via[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]