Prolonged Immobilization: Causes & Reasons

Warning: Do not use in emergencies, if pregnant, if under 18, or as a substitute for a doctor’s advice or diagnosis. Learn more

Possible Causes for Prolonged Immobilization

Hypercalcemia

Therefore, they are prone to the imbalance of osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity that occurs with prolonged immobilization, leading to hypercalcemia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Kidney failure, adrenal gland failure, hyperthyroidism, prolonged immobilization, use of a class of diuretics called thiazides, and ingestion of massive amounts of calcium [raysahelian.com]

Here we present the case of an infant with hypercalcemia who presented with fatigue, irritability, and failure to thrive after prolonged immobilization. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Pulmonary Embolism

Venous thromboembolism may result from prolong immobilization following intracerebral hemorrhage. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Examples of these include: Prolonged immobilization Extended travel (sitting in a car, airplane, train) Hospitalization or prolonged bed rest Surgery Increased blood clotting [medicinenet.com]

immobilization ( e.g., long travel) malignancy thrombophilia pregnancy hormonal contraceptives Etiology DVT (most common) septic embolism from right-heart endocarditis fat [medbullets.com]

Pressure Ulcer

Pressure sores are commonly seen among the very young or in the elderly who are admitted to the nursing homes and are immobile for prolonged periods of time. (1-5) Causes [news-medical.net]

[…] occurring in bedridden or immobile patients; decubitus ulcer. [pressureulcer.net]

Abstract Patients in an immobile state are susceptible to pressure ulcers, which are localized injuries to the skin and/or underlying tissues due to prolonged pressure. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Osteopenia and Osteoporosis

For example, localized osteoporosis can occur after prolonged immobilization of a fractured limb in a cast. [en.wikipedia.org]

In general, immobilization causes bone loss (following the 'use it or lose it' rule). [en.wikipedia.org]

Constipation

Constipation refers to bowel movements that are infrequent or hard to pass. The stool is often hard and dry. Other symptoms may include abdominal pain, bloating, and feeling as if one has not completely passed the bowel movement. Complications from constipation may include hemorrhoids, anal fissure or fecal[…] [en.wikipedia.org]

Orthostatic Hypotension

"Head rush" redirects here. For the television science series, see Head Rush (TV series). Orthostatic hypotension Other names Orthostasis, postural, positional hypotension Specialty Cardiology, Neurology Symptoms symptoms that are worse when sitting or standing and improve when lying down, including lightheadedness,[…] [en.wikipedia.org]

Obstipation

Abstract Paraneoplastic symptoms caused by abnormal gastrointestinal motility may be the initial manifestation of small cell lung cancer (SCLC). We report a case of a 63-year-old woman who presented with progressive constipation culminating in obstipation, and associated symptoms of more widespread dysmotility. A[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Miliaria

Author: Dr Amanda Oakley, Dermatologist, Hamilton, New Zealand, 1997. Updated by Dr Anita Eshraghi, Dermatologist, Sweden. February 2018. What is miliaria? Miliaria is a common skin disease caused by blockage and/or inflammation of eccrine sweat ducts. Miliaria is frequently seen in hot, humid or tropical climates, in[…] [dermnetnz.org]

West Nile Encephalitis

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This article reviews recent developments in West Nile encephalitis. Because of the large number of individuals infected in the United States, an expanded spectrum of the disease has been recognized. Flaccid paralysis presenting as poliomyelitis-like syndrome is being increasingly recognized. RECENT[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Superficial Phlebitis

immobilization surgery/trauma obesity hypercoagulable states, e.g. factor V Leiden thrombophilia 5 oral contraceptive use past history SVT or DVT intravenous cannula use [radiopaedia.org]

immobilization, i.e. long plane flights, or car rides in addition to post surgical settings when walking is delayed due to pain or casting Malignancy/cancer What are the [veindirectory.org]

immobilization), increased thrombotic tendency (malignancy, coagulation disorder, hormonal therapy) or a combination of these. [ebm-guidelines.com]

Thrombophlebitis

immobilization surgery/trauma obesity hypercoagulable states, e.g. factor V Leiden thrombophilia 5 oral contraceptive use past history SVT or DVT intravenous cannula use [radiopaedia.org]

In addition, there are a number of major risk factors for DVT, including prolonged immobilization (eg, bed rest during illness), previous DVT and/or embolism, the presence [empr.com]

[…] overlap with the causes of DVT 4: varicose veins (most common) morphological changes that predispose to stasis and consequently to the development of thrombotic process prolonged [radiopaedia.org]

Recurrent Thrombophlebitis due to Hereditary Disorders

[…] pancreas, colon, rectum, kidney, prostate) 5) Blood dyscrasias (myeloproliferative disorders) 6) Hyperviscosity (Multiple myeloma, polycythemia, leukemia, sickle cell) 7) Prolonged [quizlet.com]

In addition, there are a number of major risk factors for DVT, including prolonged immobilization (eg, bed rest during illness), previous DVT and/or embolism, the presence [empr.com]

Some common risk markers include recent surgery or pregnancy, prolonged immobilization, and underlying malignancy. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Traumatic Rhabdomyolysis

immobilization) -Nontraumatic exertional (eg, marked exertion in untrained individuals, hyperthermia, or metabolic myopathies) -Nontraumatic nonexertional (eg, drugs or toxins [forums.acdis.org]

immobilization after a fall or lying unconscious on a hard surface during illness or while under the influence of alcohol or medication Electrical shock injury, lightning [webmd.com]

immobilization after a fall or lying unconscious on a hard surface during illness or while under the influence of alcohol or medication. [remote.health.vic.gov.au]

Wrist Sprain

The joint may need to be supported by taping or bracing, helping protect it from re-injury. [10] Functional rehabilitation [ edit ] Prolonged immobilization delays the healing [en.wikipedia.org]

immobilization can have a negative effect on recovery, recent studies suggest that the use of a brace can improve healing by alleviating pain. stabilize the injury, and prevent [en.wikipedia.org]

[…] an effective rehabilitation program for all sprain injuries include increasing range of motion and progressive muscle strengthening exercise. [ citation needed ] Although prolonged [en.wikipedia.org]

Lower Back Sprain

It is not recommended to have prolonged immobilization or bed rest. If the pain does not subside in two weeks, additional treatment may be required. [en.wikipedia.org]

Back Muscle Strain

It is not recommended to have prolonged immobilization or bed rest. If the pain does not subside in two weeks, additional treatment may be required. [en.wikipedia.org]

Radial Head Fracture

More prolonged immobilization is not recommended and can lead to more problems resulting from the stiffness of the joint. [orthopedics.about.com]

[…] followed by early ROM indications isolated minimally displaced fractures with no mechanical blocks ( Mason Type I ) outcomes elbow stiffness with prolonged immobilization [orthobullets.com]

Stiffness or contracture may occur secondary to prolonged immobilization of the elbow; therefore, it is essential to start active motion as early as possible. [orthopaedicsone.com]

Axial Osteomalacia

For example, localized osteoporosis can occur after prolonged immobilization of a fractured limb in a cast. [sites.google.com]

In general, immobilization causes bone loss (following the 'use it or lose it' rule). [sites.google.com]

Scaphoid Fracture

In this manner, a prolonged immobilization period of often 8-12 weeks can be prevented. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Treatment with cast immobilization is not without consequences. Prolonged periods of immobilization may result in disuse osteopenia, stiffness, and muscle atrophy. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

If it remains non-displaced, cast immobilization is an accepted method of treatment, but it is falling out of favor due to the frequent need for prolonged casting. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Rhabdomyolysis

Prolonged immobilization (prolonged surgical procedure, stroke) leads to muscle necrosis. [symptoma.com]

immobilization after a fall or lying unconscious on a hard surface during illness or while under the influence of alcohol or medication Electrical shock injury, lightning [webmd.com]

Other causes include high voltage electrical injury, burns, near drowning, prolonged immobilization (prolonged surgical procedure, drug abuse, sedative overdose, alcohol intoxication [symptoma.com]

Olecranon Bursitis

Minimizing the gliding across the bursa may help control the bursitis, but in general the elbow is apt to get stiff when immobilized; as such, prolonged immobilization should [orthopaedicsone.com]

Phlebitis of the Chest Wall

immobilization trauma previous history of DVT or PE indwelling intravenous catheters abnormality of blood coagulation (acquired and inherited thrombophilia disorders) Treatment [drsepioloveincenter.com]

immobilization), increased thrombotic tendency (malignancy, coagulation disorder, hormonal therapy) or a combination of these. [ebm-guidelines.com]

[…] sitting, standing, or immobilization; or a long period of IV catheterization. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

Musculoskeletal Lower Back Pain

Other causes of pain include postural strain, repetitive movements, overuse, and prolonged immobilization. [webmd.com]

Poor posture or prolonged immobilization can also cause musculoskeletal pain. What are the symptoms of musculoskeletal pain? [my.clevelandclinic.org]

Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease Type 2D

Other precipitating events include prolonged immobilization during surgery or childbirth. Typically, no neuropathic pain is present, but tingling is a frequent symptom. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Atlanto-Axial Fusion

[…] external immobilization or by internal fixation and fusion. [thejns.org]

[…] subscription bundle (Individuals Only) USD $600.00 Print or Print + Online ABSTRACT ✓ Fractures and dislocations involving C-1 and C-2 vertebrae have usually been treated by prolonged [thejns.org]

May-Thurner Syndrome

A predilection for this disorder is seen in young women in their 2nd to 4th decades, usually after prolonged immobilization or pregnancy. [radiopaedia.org]

A predilection for this disorder is seen in young women in their 2 nd to 4 th decades, usually after prolonged immobilization or pregnancy. [radiopaedia.org]

immobilization, dehydration, contractive therapy, surgical procedures for abdominal, gynecological, or spinal pathology, multiple pregnancies, and postpartum conditions [ [tcmjmed.com]

Acute Exertional Rhabdomyolysis

Direct muscle injury leading to rhabdomyolysis can be caused by crush injuries, trauma, burns, electrocution, or prolonged immobilization. Ischemia. [practicalpainmanagement.com]

immobilization after a fall or lying unconscious on a hard surface during illness or while under the influence of alcohol or medication Electrical shock injury, lightning [webmd.com]

immobilization, presents with absence of muscle soreness or pigmenturia OR is unable to describe symptoms and history, but has at least one of the following signs or symptoms [emdocs.net]

Elbow Fracture

Treatment of severe distal humeral fractures fails because of either displacement or nonunion at the supracondylar level or stiffness resulting from prolonged immobilization [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Treatment type Undisplaced fractures Joint damage- prolonged immobilization will certainly result in a stiff elbow. Early movement is a prime objective. [slideshare.net]

If treatment requires prolonged immobilization of the elbow, your shoulder may become somewhat stiff because you will not be using the joint normally. [midwestbonejoint.com]

Plaster Cast Immobilization

[…] osteoporosis. • This must be weighed against the bony healing gained in prolonged immobilization. 47. [slideshare.net]

Hypercalcemia can develop in patients with Paget disease or metastatic disease during prolonged immobilization. Leg Casts These are long leg casts and short leg casts. [boneandspine.com]

Conclusion It seems likely that skin can tolerate cast immobilization for prolonged duration. [jmedicalcasereports.biomedcentral.com]

Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type II

immobilization Prognosis typically responds poorly to conservative and surgical treatments better prognosis if upper extremity, warm CRPS, children Classification Lankford [orthobullets.com]

Prolonged immobilization after an injury increases the risk of developing CRPS. A nerve injury can also set off CRPS. [rehabwashington.com]

The injury can be severe or very minor, ranging from a surgical procedure or a fracture to something as small as an ankle sprain or prolonged immobilization. [drjoetatta.com]