Prominent Sulci & Severe Anemia: Causes & Reasons

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Patient File

Sex unknown, Age unknown

Reported Symptoms

Prominent Sulci, Severe Anemia,

Negated

None

Unsure

None

Possible Causes

Hypoxia

anemia Chronic lung disease, such as emphysema Congestive heart failure What are the signs and symptoms of hypoxia? [drugs.com]

Grossly, the lesion was marked by preserved gyral crests and involved sulci, resulting in prominent, mushroom-shaped gyri. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Pure cerebral hypoxia can occur due to pulmonary disease, altitude sickness, or severe anemia. [encyclopedia.com]

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Blue Rubber Bleb Nevus Syndrome

Unexpectedly, chronic severe anemia due to systemic inflammation was diagnosed in an old anticoagulated patient with BRNBS. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

MRI: Axial postgadolinium images demonstrate prominent leptomeningeal enhancement in the left parietal and occipital lobes. [yxppt.com]

He had severe anemia and venous swellings on the trunk. Similar lesions were found in the stomach, bowel and on his foot. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

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Cerebral Cortical Atrophy

In severe cases, thrombocytopenia and neutropenia may accompany anemia mimicking leukemia or aplastic anemia. [scopemed.org]

Imaging wise feature of cerebral cortical atrophy Generalized prominence of hemisphere cortical sulci on CT or MRI in mild cases. [neuroradiologycases.com]

Characteristic features include prominent cerebral sulci (i.e. cortical atrophy) and v entriculomegaly (i.e. central atrophy) without bulging of the third ventricular recesses [radiopaedia.org]

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Pyridoxine Dependency Syndrome

In their study, severe acute pyridoxine deficiency in young ducklings was also characterized by severe anemia while chronic pyridoxine deficiency in older ducklings produced [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

C T scan showed prominent cerebral sulci and interhemispheric fissure but n o anomalies or calcification. [dev.docslide.net]

One type of hereditary anemia and several metabolic diseases are effectively treated with high doses of pyridoxine. [encyclopedia.com]

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Alcohol Dementia

Because people may not eat an adequate diet, they may also develop severe vitamin and other nutritional deficiencies. [merckmanuals.com]

The CT showed prominent sulci and gyri with deep white matter changes. There were no other abnormalities. [gponline.com]

Effects of Prolonged Alcohol Use Type of Problem Effects Nutritional Low folate (folic acid) levels Anemia (fatigue, weakness, and light-headedness) Birth defects Low thiamin [merckmanuals.com]

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Vitiligo

Blood tests can help diagnose other problems that may go along with vitiligo, such as thyroid problems, diabetes or anemia. [healthline.com]

[…] joints (versus between the joints), the nose tip and alae (versus nasal sulci), axilla and elbows. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The existence of antimelanocyte surface antigen antibodies has been demonstrated, and the severity of vitiligo has proven to be related to the amount of antibodies present [jamanetwork.com]

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Sick Sinus Syndrome

Tinnitus can also occur with systemic diseases such as severe anemia, hypertension, hypothyroidism, and syphilis. Imaging tests. [hearinghealthfoundation.org]

What does this mean: Prominent sulci and CSF spaces are consistent with cerebral atrophy. [sdsweb.co]

The localization of the pulsatile tinnitus to the center of the head in these six cases suggests several possible causes: (a) a high cardiac output state, such as anemia or [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

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Chronic Daily Headaches

severe iron-deficiency anemia. [nhlbi.nih.gov]

Finally ( viii ), we found that (like CSD) the spreading phenomenon did not cross prominent sulci (e.g., the parieto-occipital sulcus). [doi.org]

Over the following week, she developed a severe hemolytic anemia with hemoglobin falling from 12.5 to 5.0 g/dL, which was treated with blood transfusions and high doses of [livertox.nih.gov]

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Connective Tissue Disease

Anemia. About 75 percent of people with mixed connective tissue disease have iron deficiency anemia. Tissue death (necrosis). [mayoclinic.org]

There also are increases in the extra-axial space and prominence of the convexity sulci and lateral ventricles that are compatible with atrophy. [pubs.rsna.org]

Hematologic As noted above, several blood disorders – thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, and anemia – may also occur in patients with UCTD. [hss.edu]

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Hypertensive Encephalopathy

Adult Dose 5-300 mcg/min IV infusion, titrate to desired BP Pediatric Dose Not established Contraindications Documented hypersensitivity; severe anemia, shock, postural hypotension [razianesth.freeservers.com]

There was complete resolution of cerebral edema in all patients and mild interval prominence of the cerebral sulci, which can indicate cerebral volume loss, in three out of [bloodjournal.org]

Severe hypertension, renal dysfunction, thrombocytopenia, and anemia were present. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

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Isolated Congenital Sclerocornea

Thrombocytopenia Immunodeficiency SOURCES: OMIM MESH UMLS MONDO SCTID ORPHANET More info about SEVERE COMBINED IMMUNODEFICIENCY WITH MICROCEPHALY, GROWTH RETARDATION, AND [mendelian.co]

Head MRI showed prominent sulci and abnormal T2 prolongation in the cerebral white matter and brainstem. [profiles.stanford.edu]

[…] deficiency; combined immunodeficiency-microcephaly-growth retardation-sensitivity to ionizing radiation syndrome; nhej1 deficiency Related symptoms: Microcephaly Growth delay Anemia [mendelian.co]

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Pneumothorax

Treatment, depending on severity of symptoms, typically starts with anticoagulants; the presence of ominous signs (low blood pressure) may warrant the use of thrombolytic [en.wikipedia.org]

darkened lung field and prominent heart border. [oxfordmedicaleducation.com]

[…] drugs.[2] Anemia[edit] Anemia that develops gradually usually presents with exertional dyspnea, fatigue, weakness, and tachycardia.[15] It may lead to heart failure.[15] Anaemia [en.wikipedia.org]

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Rasmussen Syndrome

anemia. [doi.org]

Axial T1 FLAIR MRI scan of the brain showing prominent sulci, dilated lateral ventricle, and hemiatrophy on the left. Figure 7 Figure 7: Rasmussen Encephalitis. [ispub.com]

Prominence of ventricles with widening of the cerebellar sulci was suggestive of cerebellar atrophy. (Patient till date has no cerebellar signs.) [njcponline.com]

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Acquired Porencephaly

X-linked myopathy with excessive autophagy / X-linked myotubular myopathy / X-linked non-specific intellectual disability / X-linked periventricular heterotopia / X-linked severe [gennome.com]

[…] cortical sulci and dilated extra-axial cerebrospinal fluid spaces. [ijcasereportsandimages.com]

Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Narcolepsy Show all 41 LEPQTL1 Leptin, serum levels of 2p21 Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Marasmus, Leptin Deficiency, Metabolic Syndrome X, Pernicious Anemia [genecards.weizmann.ac.il]

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Combined Oxidative Phosphorylation Defect Type 11

Acquired causes of lactic acidosis include cardiopulmonary disease, severe anemia, malignancy, diabetes mellitus, hepatic failure and postconvulsion status or can be drug-related [mrineonatalbrain.com]

[…] congenital 4, autosomal recessive 612541 G6PD Xq28 Favism 134700 Hemolytic anemia due to G6PD deficiency 300908 Resistance to malaria due to G6PD deficiency 611162 GAA 17q25.3 [institutobernabeu.com]

Congestive heart failure Bundle branch block Progressive external ophthalmoplegia Optic neuropathy Abnormality of the cerebral white matter Apathy Severe muscular hypotonia [mendelian.co]

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Primary Optic Atrophy

The severe form is usually detected in infancy or earlier because of macrocephaly, hepatosplenomegaly, deafness, blindness, severe anemia, leucopenia, and thrombocytopenia [djo.org.in]

Also note on coronal T2W (B) image the prominence of cerebellar fissures (arrowhead) and cortical sulci suggestive of atrophy Click here to view The diagnosis is often delayed [ijri.org]

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Congenital Hepatic Fibrosis

Diagnoses upon admission were as follows: severe acute malnutrition, cryptogenic liver cirrhosis, grade III hepatic encephalopathy, normochromic normocytic anemia, hyperuricemia [elsevier.es]

A: A patient with Bardet-Biedl syndrome with normal findings; B: The circled area depicts cerebellar vermis atrophy manifested by more prominent folds/sulci, associated with [wjgnet.com]

Cholangitis form of CHF is more severe and usually occurs in late childhood and adult life [ 4 ]. [omicsonline.org]

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Dihydropyrimidine Dehydrogenase Deficiency

However, among African-Americans there was an increase in overall leucopenia and anemia, but not with respect to severe myelosuppression [13]. [joplink.net]

Head MRI showed prominent sulci and abnormal T2 prolongation in the cerebral white matter and brainstem. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

However, among African-Americans there was an increase in overall leucopenia and anemia, but not with respect to severe myelosuppression. 25 Differences in DPD activity between [pjms.com.pk]

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Glioblastoma Multiforme

We present two patients with glioblastoma multiforme who developed severe hemolytic anemia shortly after initiating therapy with vorinostat, a pan-active histone deacetylase [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

(a) On an axial nonenhanced CT scan, the sulci in the right hemisphere are normally prominent; on the left, the parietal sulci are effaced within a wedge-shaped region of [doi.org]

[…] myelosuppression, which can lead to aplastic anemia. [uspharmacist.com]

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Kwashiorkor

Vitamin A is given when serious ocular lesions are present and whole blood transfusion may be necessary in the rare case of collapse, shock, or severe anemia; no other vitamins [academic.oup.com]

prominence of basal cisterns, and ventricular dilation resulting in cerebral atrophy, as well as periventricular white matter (PVWM). [physio-pedia.com]

Laboratory findings showed severe anemia, leukocytosis, hypoproteinemia, hyponatremia, hypokalemia, elevated thyroid stimulating hormone and low level of Thyroxine-4. [paediatricaindonesiana.org]

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Methylmalonic Acidemia

Abstract We studied a six-month-old infant with severe megaloblastic anemia, coma and hyperpigmentation of the extremities. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

CT on the same day of admission depicted mild prominence of the cortical sulci and ventricular system. [ajnr.org]

Brain CT and MR imaging reveal prominence of ventricles and sulci and a delay in white matter myelination (2). [ajnr.org]

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Autosomal Recessive Pachydermoperiostosis

His father presented with clubbing [Figure 4] and his elder sister had apparently died due to severe anemia at the age of 25 years. [jiaomr.in]

[…] the sulci and gyri of brain. [doi.org]

At age 18, the patient started to develop severe aplastic anemia, requiring multiple transfusions, and thrombocytopenia, progressively associated with mild leukopenia ( Figure [jrheum.org]

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Postictal State

After release and exposure to over 100,000 patients, however, more than 40 cases of aplastic anemia or hepatic failure were reported, and the FDA recommends using this drug [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Ventricles, sulci and cisterns were mildly prominent for age and there was mild cerebral cortical volume loss. [annals-general-psychiatry.biomedcentral.com]

Felbamate was approved as monotherapy as well as adjunctive therapy for partial seizures, and for generalized seizures in children with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (a severe epileptic [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

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Semantic Dementia

Her past medical history was significant for treated pernicious anemia and hypothyroidism. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Memory deficit; presents early in the dz course Imaging with CT or MRI shows diffuse cortical atrophy with prominent sulci and compensatory ventricular dilation; parietal [quizlet.com]

She reported several second degree family members diagnosed with late onset Alzheimer's disease. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

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Macrocephaly

Subgaleal hematoma may lead to anemia and hyperbilirubinemia. Anemia may be severe enough to require blood transfusion or may even cause death. [pediatricneuro.com]

Cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed prominent subarachnoid cortical sulci, Sylvian fissure, and basal cisterns ( Figs 1 and 2 ). [scielo.br]

Cranial computed tomography (CT) showed encephalomalacia, widening of ventricles and the sulci, and hemimegalencephaly. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

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Muscular Dystrophy-Dystroglycanopathy Type C2

[…] with severe neurologic disease Creatine deficiency syndrome Cystathioninuria Cystinosis Cystinuria Cystinuria type A Cystinuria type B D,L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria D-2- [se-atlas.de]

There was mild cerebellar volume loss with the prominence of median sulci, cerebellar folia, and ex vacuo dilatation of the fourth greater than bodies of the lateral ventricles [nature.com]

[…] quadriplegia syndrome Congenital intrinsic factor deficiency Congenital lactase deficiency Congenital lactic acidosis, Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean type Congenital microcephaly-severe [se-atlas.de]

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Autosomal Recessive Isolated Optic Atrophy

Infantile/severe forms: low Ca, high PTH, high 1,25(OH)2D, high CK-BB, high AP, anemia. [iofbonehealth.org]

Also note on coronal T2W (B) image the prominence of cerebellar fissures (arrowhead) and cortical sulci suggestive of atrophy Click here to view The diagnosis is often delayed [ijri.org]

Several disorders of hormono synthesis, mainly thyroid and adrenal. Sickle cell anemia, Thalassemia. [atlasgeneticsoncology.org]

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Neuhauser Syndrome

[…] with Multiple Congenital Anomalies/Mental Retardation Syndrome Congenital Muscular Dystrophy associated with Calf Hypertrophy, Microcephaly, and Severe Mental Retardation [rgd.mcw.edu]

Cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): prominent subarachnoid cortical sulci, Sylvian issure, and basal cisterns. Fig 2. [text-br.123dok.com]

Cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed prominent subarachnoid cortical sulci, Sylvian fissure, and basal cisterns ( Figs 1 and 2 ). [scielo.br]

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Dandy-Walker Syndrome

Clinical features were cranio-facial dysmorphy, macrocephaly, hepatosplenomegaly, severe anemia and thrombocytopenia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

bilateral sylvian fissures, and bilateral cisterns were prominent ( Figure 1 and Figure 2 ). [neuro.psychiatryonline.org]

the cerebellar tonsils were separated by more than usual distance; the most inferior vermis was not clearly seen, implicating that it was hypoplastic; and the cerebral sulci [neuro.psychiatryonline.org]

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Cerebral Edema

Severe megaloblastic anemia: Vitamin deficiency and other causes Daniel S. Socha, MD, Sherwin I. DeSouza, MD, Aron Flagg, MD, Mikkael Sekeres, MD, MS and Heesun J. [ccjm.org]

Note the diffuse cerebral edema, most prominently seen in the white matter. [casemed.case.edu]

No sulci are seen over the convexities and the cisterns around the brainstem have been effaced. [casemed.case.edu]

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