Prothrombin Time Prolonged: Causes & Reasons

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Possible Causes for Prothrombin Time Prolonged

Chronic Alcoholism

Laboratory tests include: Full blood count, Blood film, Prothrombin time, Gamma glutamyltransferase, Urate, Triglycerides, as appropriate. [rcpa.edu.au]

prothrombin time Hypoalbuminemia Liver enzyme levels Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels elevated, usually 300 U/L; AST/ALT ratio 2 [clevelandclinicmeded.com]

In chronic alcoholism, macrocytosis, thrombocytopenia, prolonged PT, elevated GGT, hyperuricaemia or hypertriglyceridaemia may be found. [rcpa.edu.au]

Liver Cirrhosis

If the prothrombin time is is 4-6 seconds prolonged then, a transfusion of fresh frozen plasma may bring the prothrombin time into the desired range (see sections 6.4 and [web.archive.org]

With the current data it can be seen that there is no clear consensus as to the length of the prothrombin time at which the biopsy should not be performed. [gut.bmj.com]

If the prothrombin time is 6 seconds prolonged then other biopsy methods should be tried. Recommendation grade B. [web.archive.org]

Portal Cirrhosis

prolonged prothrombin time, low albumin). Abdominal ultrasonography typically shows a shrunken, heterogeneous liver parenchyma with a nodular surface. [amboss.com]

time (seconds prolonged) 4 4 to 6 6 or INR 1.7 1.7 to 2.3 2.3 Albumin (g per dL) 3.5 2.8 to 3.5 2.8 Bilirubin (mg per dL) 2 2 to 3 3 TABLE 4 Child-Turcotte-Pugh Scoring System [aafp.org]

Decreased serum albumin and a prolonged prothrombin time (PT) directly reflect impaired hepatic synthesis—usually an end-stage event. [merckmanuals.com]

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation

prothrombin time (PT) prolonged international normalized ratio (INR) prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) schistocytes on blood smear due to microangiopathic [radiopaedia.org]

Routine coagulation tests showed a low platelet count (98 109/L), prolonged prothrombin time (PT; 17 seconds), prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT; 43 seconds [ashclinicalnews.org]

Laboratory findings suggestive of DIC consist of a low platelet count, elevation of the D-dimer and fibrinogen concentrations, and prolongation of prothrombin time (PT) and [arupconsult.com]

Embolic Mesenteric Infarction

Prothrombin time was 14 seconds. Activated partial thromboplastin Time was 50 seconds. The Dilute Russell Viper Venom Time (DRVVT) was prolonged at 67 seconds. [omicsonline.org]

Celiac Disease

Malabsorption of vitamin K may cause abnormal clotting test results such as a prolonged prothrombin time. [emedicinehealth.com]

prothrombin time (PT), international normalized ratio (INR) Stool examination - Fat malabsorption Oral tolerance tests - Lactose intolerance Serology - Immunoglobulin A [emedicine.com]

[…] laboratory tests include the following: Electrolytes and chemistries - Electrolyte imbalances; evidence of malnutrition Hematologic tests - Anemia, low serum iron level, prolonged [emedicine.com]

Acute Liver Failure

The former produces a prolongation in prothrombin time which is widely used to monitor the severity of hepatic injury. [en.wikipedia.org]

prothrombin time, which the amount of time it takes for blood plasma to clot. [verywell.com]

She was mildly encephalopathic and the prothrombin time was prolonged. She was transferred to a liver transplant center. [livertox.nih.gov]

Isoniazid Hepatitis

She was mildly encephalopathic and the prothrombin time was prolonged. She was transferred to a liver transplant center. [livertox.nih.gov]

This patient delayed stopping isoniazid and the subsequent liver injury was severe with ultrasound evidence of ascites and prolongation of the prothrombin time. [livertox.nih.gov]

Malabsorption Syndrome

Prolonged prothrombin time can be caused by vitamin K deficiency. Serological studies. Specific tests are carried out to determine the underlying cause. [en.wikipedia.org]

Alcoholic Hepatitis

Alcoholic hepatitis can vary from mild with only liver enzyme elevation to severe liver inflammation with development of jaundice, prolonged prothrombin time, and even liver [en.wikipedia.org]

White blood cell counts and serum creatinine levels were higher, red blood cell counts were lower and prothrombin time were prolonged in the patients who had died than in [ci.nii.ac.jp]

Serum albumin may be decreased, prothrombin time prolonged and the international normalized ratio (INR) may be elevated; however, these values depend on the severity of the [elsevier.es]

Leukemia

What is leukemia? Leukemia is a cancer of the blood or blood cells. There are several types of leukemia. These are classified by how quickly they progress and what cell they affect. In order to understand how leukemia affects the cells, it is helpful to first understand what normal blood cells do. White blood cells[…] [es.oncolink.org]

Massive Hepatic Necrosis

The former produces a prolongation in prothrombin time which is widely used to monitor the severity of hepatic injury. [en.wikipedia.org]

time INR of 1.0-1.4; 10% inc. after vit K in 24 hrs No response to parenteral vit. [slideshare.net]

Ex- cept for terminal prothrombin times, liver- function studies were not obtained in either of these patients; the prothrombin time in each case was prolonged. [nap.edu]

Hepatopathy

Recombinant activated factor VIIa administration is suggested for patients with significantly prolonged prothrombin time and contraindications to fresh frozen plasma therapy [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

All patients with clinical or laboratory evidence of moderate or severe acute hepatitis should have immediate measurement of prothrombin time (PT) and careful evaluation of [emedicine.medscape.com]

Trial with desmopressin may be considered before invasive procedures in patients with liver disease and with refractory and prolonged bleeding time. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Childhood Celiac Disease

prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] included 22 children with CD in whom the disease remained undiagnosed until they had presented with hematological abnormalities, such as anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia or prolonged [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Primary Biliary Cirrhosis

prothrombin time ( 12.9 s). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Surgical Care As the disease progresses to cirrhosis, an elevated bilirubin level, a prolonged prothrombin time, and a decreased albumin level can be found. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Based on adequate performance and its simplicity, we propose that male sex, low albumin, elevated bilirubin, and/or prolonged prothrombin time be used as a model to noninvasively [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Salicylate Poisoning

Prolonged prothrombin time: Vitamin K, IM, 5 mg (one dose). [angelfire.com]

The patient presented elevated liver transaminases and prolonged prothrombin time (PT), with gradual improvement in subsequent days after supportive measures and use of sodium [oatext.com]

[…] of the prothrombin and bleeding times and decreased platelet adhesiveness. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Factor X Deficiency

Congenital factor X deficiency is a rare inherited coagulation disorder, characterized by prolonged prothrombin time and partial thromboplastin time. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Factor X deficiency was diagnosed on the basis of prolonged prothrombin time and prolonged partial thromboplastin time with kaolin, which were corrected by addition of aged [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The proposita showed a markedly prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time and a mild prolongation of prothrombin time. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Factor V Deficiency

The positive laboratory findings consisted of a prolonged prothrombin time and a slightly prolonged clotting time. Ac globulin deficiency was confirmed both by Dr. [pediatrics.aappublications.org]

[…] bleeding time Diagnosis factor V assay (showing decreased activity) activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) test (prolonged) prothrombin time (PT) test (prolonged) thrombin [rnpedia.com]

Blood and plasma transfusions temporarily controlled bleeding, although at no time was a normal one-stage plasma prothrombin time obtained. Received November 5, 1952. [pediatrics.aappublications.org]

Malaria

prothrombin time (17 sec) contributed to an intracerebral hemorrhage in the patient with knowlesi malaria who died of a probable stroke. [doi.org]

[…] with the relative infrequency of bleeding episodes complicating severe falciparum malaria [ 11 ], but it is possible that a low platelet count (52,000 platelets/µL) and prolonged [doi.org]

Factor II Deficiency

Other Clinical Case Study DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2007.100818 Published March 2008 CASE DESCRIPTION A 47-year-old African American woman was evaluated for a prolonged prothrombin [clinchem.aaccjnls.org]

Uneventful convalescence was interrupted by signs of sudden major blood loss, accompanied by prolonged prothrombin time. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Cefamandole and ceftriaxone, both containing a sulfhydryl group, induced a significant and similar prolongation of prothrombin time and decrease in factor VII activity. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Factor VII Deficiency

His baseline prothrombin time was prolonged and further investigation showed the patient to have a mild factor VII deficiency. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

However, obstetricians should consider this diagnosis whenever the prothrombin time is prolonged while the activated partial thromboplastin time is normal. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Here, we present the report of a young woman who presented with pyelonephritis, anaemia, prolonged prothrombin time and normal activated partial prothrombin time (aPTT). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Progressive Familial Intrahepatic Cholestasis

MDR3 P-glycoprotein mediates canalicular phospholipid transport in hepatocytes. Defects in the MDR3 gene have been found to cause a subtype of progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC) with high gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) levels. Affected children develop proliferation of biliary epithelium, portal[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia

In addition to her elevated D-dimer at presentation, she developed further evidence of a coagulopathy, with a prolonged prothrombin time (17.0 seconds, NR 12.0 to 15.5 seconds [circ.ahajournals.org]

The pancytopenia also causes abnormal results in other tests, such as a prolonged prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), high levels of fibrin [symptoma.com]

Anticardiolipin Antibody Syndrome

[…] normal or slightly prolonged prothrombin time normal bleeding time normal platelet count false positives due to antibodies VDRL/RPR due to anticardiolipin antibodies prolonged [medbullets.com]

Seven years later, Loeliger ( 7 ) described the presence of a factor in some plasmas that prolonged the clotting time, even when the plasma was diluted with normal pooled [clinchem.aaccjnls.org]

[…] dilute Russell viper venom time (DRVVT) test prolonged partial thromboplastin time (PTT) anti-β 2 glycoprotein (IgG and IgM) anticardiolipin (IgG and IgM) coagulation studies [medbullets.com]

Hereditary Factor X Deficiency

The propositus had a markedly prolonged prothrombin time, a mild prolongation of activated partial thromboplastin time and a clotting time activated by Russell's viper venom [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

prolonged prothrombin time (PT) and prolonged partial thromboplastin time(PTT).[1] FX antigen and its coagulant activity can be used to classify the severity of the condition [en.wikipedia.org]

However, a high index of suspicion should follow an abnormal clotting profile with prolonged PT (prothrombin time) and APTT (activated partial thromboplastin time). [symptoma.com]

Wilson Disease

time prolongation (seconds) 4 4-8 9-12 13-20 30 Prognosis after liver transplantation is relatively good. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Serum bilirubin (reference range, 3-20 mmol/L) 100 100-150 151-200 201-300 300 Serum aspartate transaminase (reference range, 7-40 IU/L) 100 100-150 151-200 201-300 300 Prothrombin [emedicine.medscape.com]

Metastatic Liver Carcinoma

Cancer. 1977 Apr;39(4):1425-9. Abstract Improvement in drug response and reduction of toxicity were observed after continuous intrahepatic arterial infusion of mytomycin-C (MMC) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in 15 of 26 patients with primary or metastatic carcinoma of the liver. Serum bilirubin values of 10 mg/100 ml[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Hereditary Factor I Deficiency

Coagulation time, prothrombin time and reptilase time were prolonged. [link.springer.com]

[…] bleeding time (in some people) • prolonged partial thromboplastin time • prolonged prothrombin time Treatments There are no commercially available concentrates of factor [slideshare.net]

Screening coagulogram was performed, which showed marked prolongation of prothrombin time (93'/13'), activated partial thromboplastin time (145'/30'), and thrombin time (45 [ehj.eg.net]

Systemic Mastocytosis

[…] activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) (187" versus 30" control value) and prothrombin time (17"2 versus 11"8 control value). [casesjournal.biomedcentral.com]

Laboratory investigations revealed acute renal failure (creatinine 211 μmol/L), hypokaliemia (2.6 mmol/l), hemoconcentration (protidemia 92 g/L), and clotting tests showed prolonged [casesjournal.biomedcentral.com]

Budd-Chiari Syndrome

Prothrombin time - this may be prolonged, which may be confusing if the condition is associated with a hypercoagulability state. [patient.info]