Rabies: Causes & Reasons

2.1

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Possible Causes for rabies

Viral Disease

Based on rabies virus as our example, we use a model combining ecological and evolutionary processes to test whether variation in the rate of host movement results in predictive [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Other viruses that infect humans cause measles, mumps, smallpox, yellow fever, rabies, poliomyelitis, influenza, and the common cold. [infoplease.com]

Monongahela virus Muju virus N Neonatal infection Nipah virus infection O Orthohantavirus P Parvovirus B19 Pogosta disease Prospect Hill orthohantavirus Q Qalyub orthonairovirus R Rabies [en.wikipedia.org]

Dog Bite

Rabies investigation 35.68. Rabies proclamation 35.69. Unmuzzled dogs not permitted at large Police Regulations (Ch. 340-348). Chapter 346. [animallaw.info]

BACKGROUND: It is widely recognized that rabies is grossly under-reported even though it is a notifiable disease and a lack of accurate figures has rendered rabies a low public [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Only 71% of the victims were treated with Imogam Rabies brand of Rabies Immunoglobulin G. Sixty-three dog owners claimed that their dogs were vaccinated. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Guillain-Barré Syndrome

Older formulations of rabies vaccine cultured in mammalian brain tissues have been found to have an increased risk of GBS, but newer formulations of rabies vaccine, derived [dx.doi.org]

[…] similar to GBS difficult to differentiate in the first 6 weeks after 6-8 weeks GBS should be improving whereas CIDP will demonstrate chronic inflammation 4 Lyme disease 7 rabies [radiopaedia.org]

Unusual features of the Guillain-Barre syndrome after rabies vaccine prepared in suckling mouse brain. [dx.doi.org]

Zoonosis

We now have the knowledge and technology to control canine rabies. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] courses of rabies pre-exposure prophylaxis or 4340 complete post-exposure treatments. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

(i) If AIDS were a zoonosis, there must be evidence of AIDS being directly acquired from an animal species, as is rabies, a disease that is directly acquired from animals. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Encephalitis

Management of rabies in humans. Clin Infect Dis. 2003;36:60-3. 3. Jackson AC. Human disease. In: Jackson AC, Wunner WH, editors. Rabies. [revistabiomedica.org]

[…] donor-derived rabies infection. [doi.org]

[…] than viral infections Some types of encephalitis are spread by mosquitoes (such as Japanese encephalitis ), ticks (such as tick-borne encephalitis ) and mammals (such as rabies [web.archive.org]

Bacterial Encephalitis

Followed by a prodrome period of nonspecific symptoms, then acute neurological syndrome (encephalitic rabies vs paralytic rabies), followed by coma and death. [errolozdalga.com]

Asia),T. brucei rhodesiense, T. brucei gambiense, rabies (Africa),rabies, Eastern equine encephalitis virus, Western equine encephalitis virus,Venezuelan equine encephalitis [infectiousdiseaseadvisor.com]

Vaccinate animals to prevent encephalitis caused by the rabies virus. Bloch KC, Glaser CA, Tunkel AR. Encephalitis and myelitis. In: Cohen J, Powderly WG, Opal SM, eds. [medlineplus.gov]

Animal Bite

[…] of rabies mortality. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Fifty-nine percent of owned dogs were up-to-date on rabies vaccinations compared with 41% of owned cats. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

PIP: Almost all cases of human rabies result from bites by rabid dogs. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Postinfectious Encephalomyelitis

#ADEM #Neurological #Encephalomyelitis #Rabies #Tetanus #Polio #Smallpox #MMR #DTP #Influenza #Hepatitis B #Vaccine #MedScienceResearch — Semple rabies vaccine: presence of [medscienceresearch.com]

(ADEM), but newer formulations of rabies vaccine have not been shown to cause ADEM, and rabies vaccine is not routinely recommended to the general population in the United [vaccinesafety.edu]

Followed by a prodrome period of nonspecific symptoms, then acute neurological syndrome (encephalitic rabies vs paralytic rabies), followed by coma and death. [errolozdalga.com]

Viral Encephalitis

Rabies - Despite the fact that rabies is a rare occurrence in vaccinated populations, rabies virus causes a universally fatal infection of the central nervous system that [symptoma.com]

Adenovirus p. 70 Gastroenteritis--Rotaviruses p. 71 Hepatitis Viruses p. 72 Encephalitis Viruses Transmitted from Animals p. 81 Sporadic Arbovirus Infection p. 81 LCMV p. 82 Rabies [booktopia.com.au]

Rodents (tick-borne encephalitis, LCMV), horses (several equine encephalitis viruses), woodchucks (Powassan virus), bats, dogs, skunks (all carrying rabies) and birds are [symptoma.com]

Tetanus

‘Processed plasma is also used to help produce stronger antibodies against diseases like tetanus, hepatitis, chickenpox and rabies.’ [en.oxforddictionaries.com]

Hypocalcaemic tetany Epilepsy Chorea Meningitis Encephalitis Subarachnoid haemorrhage Strychnine poisoning Rabies Sepsis Drug withdrawal Table 2 Differential diagnosis of [ceaccp.oxfordjournals.org]

Tests may be used to rule out meningitis, rabies, strychnine poisoning, and other diseases with similar symptoms. [nlm.nih.gov]

Adult Krabbe Disease

Rabi, D.M., Ghali, W.A., Ferris, M., Chernoff, G., Benchimol, E.I., Panaccione, R., Ghosh, S. & Barkema, H.W. (2012). [content.sciendo.com]

Western Equine Encephalomyelitis

The vaccine : Three rabies vaccines are available for horses. [equusmagazine.com]

A82.9 Rabies, unspecified A83 Mosquito-borne viral encephalitis A83.0 Japanese encephalitis A83.1 Western equine encephalitis A83.2 Eastern equine encephalitis A83.3 St Louis [icd10data.com]

Diagnosis An accurate diagnosis is important since other infectious agents (including rabies, equine herpesvirus-1, WNV, and equine protozoal myeloencephalitis, or EPM) could [thehorse.com]

Encephalomyelitis

Among others, rabies and West Nile viruses often lead to encephalitis. [horseillustrated.com]

POST-VACCINATION ENCEPHALOMYELITIS The historically described disorders which occurred following rabies vaccination and after measles virus infection essentially represent [jnnp.bmj.com]

Post-vaccination encephalomyelitis continues to be seen after rabies vaccine containing neural tissue, such as the Semple preparation (extracted from rabbit brain and used [jnnp.bmj.com]

Murray Valley Encephalitis Virus

These diseases range from polio and measles, to rabies, Varicella-zoster, Herpes, West Nile, Japanese encephalitis, and AIDS. [books.google.com]

[…] from the coastal health department of Kouilou (others are Bouenza, Pointe… 09 May 2019 A Norwegian woman, who had been travelling in SE Asia two months ago, has died of rabies [traveldoctor.com.au]

A large number of viruses have only occasional and minor ocular localizations ; among these are the viruses of psittacosis, dengue fever, foot and mouth disease, rabies, lymphocytic [jamanetwork.com]

Cardiodysrhythmic Potassium-Sensitive Periodic Paralysis

The triad of features seen in this condition were first described in 1971 by Ellen Andersen, and significant contributions to its understanding were made by Rabi Tawil. [en.wikipedia.org]

Pt{\'a}cek and Rabi N Tawil and Peter J. Schwartz and Alfred L. George and Minoru Horie and Gregor Andelfinger and Gregory L. Snow and Ying-Hui Fu and Michael J. [semanticscholar.org]

Rabi Tawil, Louis J Ptacek, Steven G. Pavlakis, Darryl C. DeVivo, Audrey S. Penn, Coskun Öuzdemir and Robert C. [doi.org]

Eastern Equine Encephalitis

Abstract An examination using the routine rabies direct fluorescent antibody test was performed on rabies or Eastern equine encephalitis positive mammalian brain tissue to [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Testing for this and other viruses was probably undertaken because of concerns about rabies. [wormsandgermsblog.com]

Differential diagnoses included viral (EEE, West Nile virus, rabies), bacterial (Streptococcus equi, Rhodococcus equi) or verminous (Halicephalobus sp. ) encephalomyelitis [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Cat Scratch Meningoencephalitis

Rabies occurs mostly in dogs (and also in bats) but there is no risk to the general public in the UK from rabies in dogs. [bbc.co.uk]

Furious rabies c. Polio d. [quizlet.com]

Q Fever, CDC R Rabies Rabies is a severe viral disease that affects the central nervous system. All warm-blooded mammals, including people, can get rabies. [doh.wa.gov]

Mycoplasma Encephalitis

Read more Rabies Rabies is a severe viral infection of the brain and spinal cord that is transmitted by infected animals. [encephalitis.info]

[…] than viral infections Some types of encephalitis are spread by mosquitoes (such as Japanese encephalitis ), ticks (such as tick-borne encephalitis ) and mammals (such as rabies [nhs.uk]

rabies. [aacc.org]

Hypersalivation

Chronic hypersalivation can be caused by Parkinson's disease, stress, neurological trauma, or even rabies. [health.ccm.net]

[…] vomiting), where it accompanies nausea (a feeling of needing to vomit).[5] Causes[edit] Excessive production[edit] Conditions that can cause saliva overproduction include:[4] Rabies [en.wikipedia.org]

fracture or dislocation Radiation therapy Neurologic disorders such as Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, Parkinson's disease, multiple system atrophy, rabies [en.wikipedia.org]

California Encephalitis

A82.9 Rabies, unspecified A83 Mosquito-borne viral encephalitis A83.0 Japanese encephalitis A83.1 Western equine encephalitis A83.2 Eastern equine encephalitis A83.3 St Louis [icd10data.com]

Other selective tests were performed depending on the clinical history (eg, rabies, borrelia, Colorado Tick Fever, etc.). [ahcmedia.com]

Viral causes of encephalitis include herpesviruses, arboviruses, rabies, and enteroviruses [ 1 ]. [academic.oup.com]

West Nile Encephalitis

If the animal presented rapidly progressive neurologic signs including recumbency, it should be submitted to ADDL requesting rabies and WNV testing. [addl.purdue.edu]

Rabies Vaccine and Immune Globulin There are two types of rabies vaccines: pre-exposure and post-exposure. [pennstatehershey.adam.com]

Rabies, botulism, equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM), and Eastern (EEE), Western (WEE), and Venezuelan (VEE) equine encephalitis are examples of other diseases with [ento.psu.edu]

Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis

Furthermore, we analyzed the rabies virus neutralizing antibodies (RVNA) levels in the patient's blood at different time points after rabies vaccination. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] derived rabies vaccine (PCERV). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

(ADEM), but newer formulations of rabies vaccine have not been shown to cause ADEM, and rabies vaccine is not routinely recommended to the general population in the United [vaccinesafety.edu]

Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis

Home Back Tests information Rabies (Laboratory authorized by the European Union; Laboratory accepted by Japan) Tests for movement of animals (South Africa, Australia, India [ivami.com]

Transduction of motor neurons and muscle fibers by intramuscular injection of HIV-1-based vectors pseudotyped with select rabies virus glycoproteins. [nature.com]

Cats Rabies virus, Coxiella burnetii, Bartonella henselae, T. gondii Dogs Rabies virus Horses Eastern equine encephalitis virus, Western equine encephalitis virus, Venezuelan [hopkinsguides.com]

St. Louis Encephalitis

A82.9 Rabies, unspecified A83 Mosquito-borne viral encephalitis A83.0 Japanese encephalitis A83.1 Western equine encephalitis A83.2 Eastern equine encephalitis A83.3 St Louis [icd10data.com]

This horse was free of other equine encephalitis pathogens, including the rabies virus, equine herpesvirus-1 and -4, West Nile virus, Eastern equine encephalitis virus, Western [thehorse.com]

These include herpes simplex virus, West Nile virus, and rabies. Encephalitis may happen after a viral illness. [stlouischildrens.org]

Japanese Encephalitis

[…] pigs: Nipah virus Aujeszky’s disease Porcine brucellosis PRRS Classical swine fever Porcine parvovirus In horses: Equine encephalomyelitis (Western, Eastern and Venezuelan) Rabies [lrd.spc.int]

There was no interference with the concomitant dosing with rabies vaccine or either vaccine. [tdtmvjournal.biomedcentral.com]

Worldwide, dog bites are responsible for most human cases of rabies. [travel.gc.ca]

Powassan Encephalitis

Rabies virus. [mayoclinic.org]

Explain the methods for diagnosing encephalitis caused by herpes simplex virus, Epstein-Barr virus, West Nile virus, influenza, rabies, enterovirus, Bartonella henselae, and [pedsinreview.aappublications.org]

Rabies is a rare cause of encephalitis in the United States. Childhood infections. [mayoclinic.org]

Common Cold

But the drug, known by the acronym DRACO, is also expected to zap measles and German measles, cold sores, rabies and even HIV – and could be on pharmacy shelves in a decade [dailymail.co.uk]

MF Cotton, S Innes, H Jaspan, A Madide and H Rabie, Management of upper respiratory tract infections in children, South African Family Practice, 50, 2, (6), (2008) ., Current [dx.doi.org]

Myelitis

It may occur as a complication of such disorders as optic neuromyelitis, multiple sclerosis, smallpox, and measles, or as a complication of chickenpox or rabies vaccinations [medicinenet.com]

Epstein-Barr virus, enteroviruses (poliomyelitis, Coxsackie virus, echovirus), human T-cell leukemia virus, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), influenza, measles, and rabies [medicinenet.com]

Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy

Their medical history was the same, with the exception of an anti-rabies vaccination performed at the age of 5 in the more severely affected twin. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Yvonne D Krom, Kirsten R Straasheijm, Rashmie D Debipersad, Gizem Özel, Janet Sowden, Lauren Snider, Karlien Mul, Sabrina Sacconi, Baziel van Engelen, Stephen J Tapscott, Rabi [doi.org]

& Silvère M van der Maarel European Journal of Human Genetics (2018) Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy: Update on Pathogenesis and Future Treatments Johanna Hamel & Rabi [doi.org]

Post-Encephalitic Syndrome

[…] than viral infections Some types of encephalitis are spread by mosquitoes (such as Japanese encephalitis ), ticks (such as tick-borne encephalitis ) and mammals (such as rabies [nhs.uk]

PCR analysis of the CSF can be useful to diagnose several viral infections, including herpes simplex, Epstein-Barr, varicella-zoster, CMV, HIV, rabies and TB. [patient.info]

The prognosis of any particular case of encephalitis is uncertain, with a few exceptions where a fatal outcome is the rule (e.g., rabies virus). [clinicaladvisor.com]