Refractory Anemia: Causes & Reasons

Warning: Do not use in emergencies, if pregnant, if under 18, or as a substitute for a doctor’s advice or diagnosis. Learn more

Possible Causes for Refractory Anemia

Refractory Megaloblastic Anemia

We present a case with refractory megaloblastic anemia with asymptomatic falciparum malaria. [unboundmedicine.com]

The etiology, clinical features and treatment of 25 cases of idiopathic refractory megaloblastic anemia are described. [bloodjournal.org]

[…] increased membrane surface area (thin macrocytosis) Postsplenectomy Aplastic anemia; Acquired sideroblastic anemia; Refractory anemias Myelodysplastic anemias; Myelophthisic [enotes.tripod.com]

Idiopathic Refractory Anemia

Kushner JP, Lee GR, Wintrobe MM, Cartwright GE (1971) Idiopathic refractory sideroblastic anemia. [link.springer.com]

[…] sideroblasts, without excess blasts Refractory anemia Refractory anemia (clinical) Refractory anemia w excess blasts 1 Refractory anemia w ringed sideroblasts Refractory [icd9data.com]

MDS indicates myelodysplastic syndrome; RA, refractory anemia ; RARS, refractory anemia with ringed sideroblasts; RAEB, refractory anemia with excess of blasts; RAEB-T, RAEB [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

Leukoerythroblastic Anemia

Pagina 61 - Refractory anemia (RA) Refractory anemia with ringed sideroblasts (RARS) Refractory anemia with excess blasts (RAEB... ‎ [books.google.it]

[…] pancytopenia + pure red-cell aplasia + Refractory Anemia + sideroblastic anemia + Thrombocytopenia, Anemia, and Myelofibrosis thrombocytosis + WT Limb Blood Syndrome X-Linked [rgd.mcw.edu]

anemia; refractory anemia with ringed sideroblasts; chronic myelomonocytic leukemia; refractory anemia with excess blasts in transformation lab findings severe pancytopenia [memorize.com]

Sideroblastic Anemia

Gov't MeSH terms 5-Aminolevulinate Synthetase/deficiency 5-Aminolevulinate Synthetase/genetics Anemia, Refractory/blood Anemia, Refractory, with Excess of Blasts/blood Anemia [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The chromosomal pattern of the patient was varied, and was accompanied by the development of refractory anemia with an excess of blasts from refractory anemia with ringed [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

We report two unrelated cases of highly pyridoxine-responsive XLSA in geriatric patients previously diagnosed with refractory anemia and ringed sideroblasts. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Acute Erythroblastic Leukemia

Refractory anemias: acquired enzymopathies of hematopoietic stem cells. Nouv Rev Fr Hematol 1969; 9 :65–86. 8. Kiossoglou KA, Mitus WJ, Dameshek W. [doi.org]

anemia with excess blasts and preceding or concurrent history of erythropoietin therapy for anemia (n=16). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Only 7% of refractory anemia with excess blasts and recent/concurrent history of erythropoietin treatment for anemia cases showed aberrant CD7 expression. [doi.org]

Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Cytogenetic investigation of the bone marrow cells of an 88-year-old woman with refractory anemia with an excess of blasts in transformation with progression to acute myelocytic [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

anemia with excess blasts in transformation [RAEB T] Type 1 Excludes acute exacerbation of chronic myeloid leukemia ( C92.10 ) refractory anemia with excess of blasts not [icd10data.com]

This category includes the entities of refractory anemia (RA) for those with anemia and only dyserythropoiesis (but in whom ring sideroblasts account for less than 15% of [doi.org]

Aplastic Anemia

Winkler T, Fan X, Cooper J, et al: Treatment optimization and genomic outcomes in refractory severe aplastic anemia treated with eltrombopag. [merckmanuals.com]

更多 Among patients with bone marrow failure, differentiating acquired aplastic anemia (AA) from hypocellular refractory anemia (hypo RA) can be a difficult and challenging [dict.cnki.net]

DeZern AE, Zahurak M, Symons H, et al: Alternative donor transplantation with high-dose post-transplantation cyclophosphamide for refractory severe aplastic anemia. [merckmanuals.com]

Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria

The presence of a subclinical PNH population in myelodysplastic bone marrow disorders, such as aplastic anemia or refractory anemia, may correlate with a positive immunotherapeutic [ltd.aruplab.com]

[…] or PNH/refractory anemia-MDS because the clone size is often relatively small. [bloodjournal.hematologylibrary.org]

PNH-sc is observed in association with bone marrow failure syndromes, particularly aplastic anemia and refractory anemia-MDS. [bloodjournal.hematologylibrary.org]

Anemia of Chronic Disease

To review the effect of 6 weeks of subcutaneous recombinant human erythropoietin 75 IU/kg administered 3 times weekly to resolve refractory anemia of chronic disease and heal [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

We noted that patients with large hepatic adenomas had severe iron refractory anemia similar to that observed in anemia of chronic disease. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Furthermore, effective treatment of the underlying disease results in improvement or resolution of the anemia. [hematology.org]

Primary Myelofibrosis

[…] frequency of leukemic blast cells (its degree of leukemicness) and, therefore, its course, than to clonal sideroblastic anemia (‘refractory sideroblastic anemia in the WHO [doi.org]

anemia with excess of blasts (RAEB) or refractory anemia with excess of blasts in transformation (RAEB-t) with an IPSS score of >1.5 (appendix C) Note: Subjects with a secondary [vademecumhematologie.nl]

anemia with ringed sideroblasts associated with marked thrombocytosis (RARS-t) Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) Diagnosis of MPN For diagnosis of MPN the criteria include: [news-medical.net]

Pancytopenia

Bone marrow aspiration revealed refractory anemia with ringed sideroblasts of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). [jstage.jst.go.jp]

[…] and some refractory anemia patients. [cancertherapyadvisor.com]

Peripheral blood flow cytometry to look for PNH should be performed on all patients with aplastic anemia, suspected PNH, and certain forms of MDS, including hypoplastic MDS [cancertherapyadvisor.com]

Acute Monocytic Leukemia

Two had acute monocytic leukemia (AMoL), one had chronic myelomonocytic leukemia, one had refractory anemia, and the other had juvenile chronic myelogenous leukemia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

(PRCA)赤芽球ろう purpura紫斑 r refractory anemia with excess of blasts (RAEB)移行型芽球増加型不応性貧血 remission induction寛解導入 retrovirus レトロウイルス rouleaux formation連銭形成 s severe combined immunodeficiency [tokyo-med.ac.jp]

Anemia Completed NCT00046930 Phase 3 cytarabine;daunorubicin hydrochloride;zosuquidar trihydrochloride;Placebo 19 Cyproheptadine in Preventing Weight Loss in Children Receiving [malacards.org]

Bone Marrow Disease

Anemia (RA), all types Renal Cell Carcinoma Retinoblastoma Rhabdomyosarcoma Severe Aplastic Anemia Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID), all sub-types SCI Sickle Cell [bonemarrow.org]

[…] effective in improving blood counts in refractory aplastic anemia. [rarediseases.org]

Refractory anemia with excess blasts : There are too few red blood cells in the blood and the patient has anemia. [cancer.gov]

Leukemia

anemia with ring sideroblasts associated with marked thrombocytosis 9982/3 Myelodysplastic syndromes Refractory anemia 9980/3 Refractory neutropenia 9991/3 Refractory thrombocytopemia [atlasgeneticsoncology.org]

anemia”). [doi.org]

This category includes the entities of refractory anemia (RA) for those with anemia and only dyserythropoiesis (but in whom ring sideroblasts account for less than 15% of [doi.org]

Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

anemia with excess blasts in transformation [RAEB T] Type 1 Excludes acute exacerbation of chronic myeloid leukemia ( C92.10 ) refractory anemia with excess of blasts not [icd10data.com]

anemia”). [doi.org]

anemia (RA), refractory anemia with ringed sideroblasts (RARS), and refractory anemia with excess blasts (RAEB). 18 Poor-risk cytogenetic abnormalities, including abnormalities [doi.org]

Bone Marrow Metastasis

He had a history of myelodysplastic syndrome and refractory anemia with ringed sideroblasts diagnosed 5 years earlier. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Philadelphia Chromosome-Positive Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

Le Beau et al. found that the FMS and GM-CSF genes were both deleted from the chromosome 5q- in BM cells in two patients with refractory anemia and del(5)(q15-q33.3) [ 8 ] [omicsonline.org]

anemia with excess of blasts with basophilia, AML with eosinophilia, and acute eosinophilic leukemia, ACSL6 was identified as a fusion partner to ETV6 (OMIM: 600618) in recurrent [omicsonline.org]

[…] and IRF1 (OMIM: 147575) genes at 5q31.1, CSF1R (OMIM: 164770) and PDGFRB (OMIM: 17341) genes at 5q32, and the RPS14 (OMIM: 130620) gene at 5q33.1.6 In single patients with refractory [omicsonline.org]

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

Refractory: CLL does not respond to standard treatments. [rarediseases.org]

Five patients had refractory cytopenia with multilineage dysplasia, and 3 patients had refractory anemia with excess blasts-2 (RAEB-2). [dx.doi.org]

Refractory: CLL does not respond to standard treatments. Causes The exact cause of chronic lymphocytic leukemia is not known. [rarediseases.org]

Multiple Myeloma

The patient in our case study suffered refractory anemia following surgery and 2 cycles of chemotherapy. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Therefore, when CRC is associated with refractory anemia, we should not only assume that anemia is a classical symptom of CRC, a result of chronic blood loss, nutritional [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

These new symptoms drew our attention, and we considered a diagnosis of synchronous primary CRC and MM, with the anemia as a symptom of MM. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

[edit] Thalassemia Sickle cell anemia Aplastic anemia Fanconi anemia Malignant infantile osteopetrosis Mucopolysaccharidosis Immune deficiency syndromes Autoimmune diseases [en.wikipedia.org]

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) (relapsed, refractory) Neuroblastoma Ewing sarcoma Multiple myeloma Myelodysplastic syndromes Gliomas, other solid tumors Non-malignant (non-cancerous [en.wikipedia.org]

[…] are as follows: Malignant (cancerous)[edit] Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) (relapsed, refractory [en.wikipedia.org]

Renal Cell Carcinoma

In refractory patients, this scheme has been modified. [cancertherapyadvisor.com]

In patients with prior therapy, three factors have been identified as associated with poor risk: Low performance status Anemia High corrected serum calcium Median overall [cancertherapyadvisor.com]

Sickle Cell Anemia

Because some of the refractory sickle cell anemia patients require stem cell bone marrow transplant, the effects on fertility must be discussed with this treatment as well [oncofertility.northwestern.edu]

Two of the patients had sickle cell anemia [Hb S (HBB: c.20A > T) (β(S)/β(S))] with refractory leg ulcers that required amputations. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] fertility planning and consultation before administration of hydroxyurea in the event that a malignancy occurs as a side effect of this preventative treatment for sickle cell anemia [oncofertility.northwestern.edu]

Hodgkin Lymphoma

[edit] Thalassemia Sickle cell anemia Aplastic anemia Fanconi anemia Malignant infantile osteopetrosis Mucopolysaccharidosis Pyruvate kinase deficiency Immune deficiency [en.wikipedia.org]

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) (relapsed, refractory) Neuroblastoma Ewing sarcoma Multiple myeloma Myelodysplastic syndromes Gliomas, other solid tumors Non-malignant (non-cancerous [en.wikipedia.org]

Chemotherapy

DIAGNOSES: The patient was diagnosed with MDS refractory anemia with excess of blast II and was classified as very high risk according to the revised international prognostic [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Conclusions: Second-line chemotherapy might have poor efficacy to poor-risk patients with refractory-relapsed small-cell lung cancer. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The most common grade 3 or worse adverse events were hematologic toxicities, including leukopenia (66%), neutropenia (69%), thrombocytopenia (9%) and anemia (22%). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Chronic Kidney Insufficiency

Chronic kidney insufficiency affects a significant number of individuals in the developed countries, particularly the United States. The progressive nature of the disease and a substantial reduction in the quality of life over the period of time are the primary reasons why an early diagnosis is crucial. Anemia,[…] [symptoma.com]

Gastrointestinal Neoplasm

BACKGROUND: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is an innovative and promising procedure. However, ESD experience is mostly limited to Japan and a few countries in Asia. An appropriate training system should be proposed from Japan to promote a permeation of ESD technique. We conducted questionnaire survey to[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage

This Guideline is an official statement of the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE). It addresses the diagnosis and management of nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage (NVUGIH). Main Recommendations MR1. ESGE recommends immediate assessment of hemodynamic status in patients who present[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Menorrhagia

[…] hypermenorrhea (hi″pәr-men″o-re´ә) excessive menstruation; causes include uterine tumors, pelvic inflammatory disease, abnormal conditions of pregnancy, and endocrine disturbances. It may cause anemia. Called also menorrhagia. Found on http://www.encyclo.co.uk/local/21001 hypermenorrhea hypermenorrhea 1. Excessively[…] [encyclo.co.uk]

Refractory Anemia with Excess Blasts in Transformation

RAEBIT means Refractory Anemia with Excess Blasts in Transformation What is the abbreviation for Refractory Anemia with Excess Blasts in Transformation? [acronymsandslang.com]

We next assessed hematologic and clinical relevance between refractory anemia with excess blasts (RAEB) and RAEBt patients with PB blasts of > or =5%. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

(Also known as/Synonyms) RAEB (Refractory Anemia with Excess Blasts) What is Refractory Anemia with Excess Blasts? [dovemed.com]

Myelodysplasia

anemia (RA) 1 10-20 30-65 10-40 Refractory anemia with ringed sideroblasts (RARS) 1 10-35 34-83 10-35 Refractory anemia with excess blasts (RAEB) 5-20 >50 8-18 25-30 Refractory [web.archive.org]

Reportable disorder s include: MDS, refractory anemia, refractory anemia with excess blasts in transformation, refractory anemia with ring sideroblast s, refractory anemia [seer.cancer.gov]

This is called refractory anemia. [nyulangone.org]