Possible Causes for retinal hemorrhage Vomiting of Pregnancy esophageal rupture, retinal hemorrhage, Mallory-Weiss syndrome, pneumothorax). 17, 18 Treatment Treatment should be directed toward reducing symptoms while posing the least [aafp.org] Iron Deficiency Anemia INTRODUCTION Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a common complication in routine clinical practice that frequently originates in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract[ 1 - 3 ]. Patients with IDA are therefore often referred to gastroenterologists for further examination and/or treatment. IDA associated with GI disorders can[…] [dx.doi.org] Coagulation Abnormalities OBJECTIVE: To determine the coagulation abnormalities and relationship between abnormal clotting tests and the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding (GI) among chronic liver disease (CLD) patients admitted at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan. METHODS: Adult CLD patients admitted at Liaquat University Hospital[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] Central Retinal Vein Occlusion PURPOSE: To evaluate peripheral retinal hemorrhagic patterns in eyes with acute central retinal vein occlusion, and to explore their clinical relevance in differentiating [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] Five days later, there were improvements in disc swelling and retinal hemorrhage. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] Three months after the injection, retinal hemorrhages were not detectable. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] Diabetic Retinopathy hemorrhage, and traction retinal detachment. [merckmanuals.com] We present the case of an early stage diabetic retinopathy patient presented with retinal hemorrhages in the superior temporal area and disc hemorrhages of disc nasal area [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] Presence of vitreous hemorrhage or pre-retinal hemorrhage 2. Presence of any active neovascularization 3. [bu.edu] Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis […] circulations. 1-4 The ocular findings in this patient can best be understood as the result of multiple microscopic emboli to the retinal circulation causing retinal hemorrhage [retinalphysician.com] Infective Endocarditis SIGNS Petechial Hemorrhages Linear Hemorrhages Osler Nodes Janeway Lesions Retinal Hemorrhages Heart Murmur 8. [slideshare.net] The majority of ophthalmic manifestations of bacterial endocarditis result from microembolization of bacteria or debris from the damaged valve into the retinal and choroidal [retinalphysician.com] Cytomegalovirus Retinitis Retinal examination uncovered classical appearance of retinal whitening and retinal hemorrhages with extensive macular involvement. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] The patient was found to have an exudative retinal detachment involving the fovea, subretinal hemorrhage, cotton wool spots, and active CMV retinitis temporal to the exudative [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] Figure 1: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis, OD. White, fluffy retinal necrosis with overlying retinal hemorrhages. [eyerounds.org] Acute Hypertensive Retinopathy hemorrhages; and retinal and optic nerve edema. [neuro-ophthalmology.stanford.edu] and multiple superficial and deep retinal hemorrhages. ( A ) right eye; ( B ) left eye. [dovepress.com] In contrast, moderate hypertensive retinopathy, such as retinal hemorrhages, cotton wool spots, and microaneurysms, is strongly associated with both subclinical and clinical [reviewofophthalmology.com] Eales Disease All the eyes were staged according to the new classification: Stage 1: periphlebitis of small (1a) and large (1b) caliber vessels with superficial retinal hemorrhages; Stage [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] hemorrhages) and 15 healthy controls. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] On fundus exam at the emergency department, we found a vitreous hemorrhage, retinal hemorrhage, periphlebitis and retinal periphery ischemia (A). [panafrican-med-journal.com] Hypertensive Retinopathy This can lead to arteriolar necrosis, retinal edema, cotton-wool spots, hemorrhage, and disc edema. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] […] narrowing; no focal constriction Stage 2 – More pronounced arteriolar narrowing with focal constriction Stage 3 – Focal and diffuse narrowing, with retinal hemorrhage Stage [rpcround.wordpress.com] In contrast, moderate hypertensive retinopathy, such as retinal hemorrhages, cotton wool spots, and microaneurysms, is strongly associated with both subclinical and clinical [reviewofophthalmology.com] Multiple Myeloma Purpura, retinal hemorrhage, papilledema, coronary ischemia, seizures, and confusion may occur as a result of hyperviscosity syndrome. [emedicine.medscape.com] Sludging in the capillaries resulting in purpura, papilledema, central nervous system symptoms, retinal hemorrhage, or coronary ischemia can occur. [symptoma.com] Examination for MM may reveal the following: HEENT examination: Exudative macular detachment, retinal hemorrhage, or cotton-wool spots Dermatologic evaluation: Pallor from [emedicine.com] Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation A 78-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital complaining of anorexia and purpura of the extremities. She presented with prominent peripheral eosinophilia and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Despite receiving intensive therapy for DIC, her illness worsened. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] Peripheral Vasoproliferative Retinopathy retinal edema 视网膜水肿 retinal hemorrhage 视网膜出血 superficial retinal hemorrhage 浅层视网膜出血 deep retinal hemorrhage 深层视网膜出血 preretinal hemorrhage 视网膜前出血 retinal ischemia [yingyu.xdf.cn] The nonproliferative form is characterized by dilation of the retinal veins and microaneurysms which may leak blood cells and/or plasma, causing internal hemorrhaging or edema [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com] Note the lesion in the far inferior periphery with fibrosis, and aneurysms and some retinal hemorrhage. [westcoastretina.com] Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Ophthalmologic Flame-shaped retinal hemorrhages Bright red retinal veins (a sensitive early sign) Papilledema Homonymous hemianopsia Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema Neurologic [web.archive.org] hemorrhages Bright red retinal veins (a sensitive early sign) Papilledema Homonymous hemianopsia Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema Neurologic and/or neuropsychiatric findings [emedicine.medscape.com] CO poisoning (ie, "When you're cherry red, you're dead"), it is in fact rare. [3] Pallor is present more often Ophthalmologic findings include the following: Flame-shaped retinal [emedicine.medscape.com] Retinopathy Case 1 highlights extensive choroidal detachment with subhyaloid haemorrhage and multiple intra-retinal hemorrhages in the posterior pole seen on first post-operative day [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] The retinal hemorrhages began to improve 2 weeks and had cleared by 6 weeks after surgery. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] Presence of vitreous hemorrhage or pre-retinal hemorrhage 2. Presence of any active neovascularization 3. [bu.edu] Intracranial Hypertension Funduscopic exam findings including: papilledema, loss of venous pulsations and retinal hemorrhages. 4. Seizures. 5. [clinicaladvisor.com] Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion To report branch retinal vein occlusion and retinal hemorrhages associated with tsutsugamushi disease. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] Abstract This prospective study included 63 eyes with acute branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) to evaluate the retinal hemorrhagic patterns at the posterior poles and explore [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] Deterioration of the disease was defined clinically as an increase in retinal hemorrhages or retinal edema. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] Vitreous Hemorrhage Retinal and vitreous hemorrhage absorbed spontaneously after 3 months. No retinal damage was detected. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] Fundus examination of the right eye showed retinal vascular sheathing with a few dot and blot retinal hemorrhages. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] Ophthalmoscopy and fluorescein angiography showed severe occlusive retinal periphlebitis with diffuse retinal hemorrhages and large areas of nonperfusion. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] Retinopathy of Prematurity […] may contribute to the pathogenesis of retinal hemorrhages. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] A preterm baby born at 32 weeks gestation age developed extensive posterior retinal hemorrhages during retinal imaging using the RetCam. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] In addition, retinal hemorrhage and low BW were significantly associated with recurrence and retreatment in non-retinal detachment APROP. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis Papilledema, retinal hemorrhages, and decreased visual acuity and blindness may occur from venous congestion within the retina. [en.wikipedia.org] hemorrhages, retinal venous congestion, and loud ocular and cranial bruit Indirect: Similar signs and symptoms of lesser severity; occasionally, isolated ophthalmoplegia, [emedicine.com] Proptosis (first oedema & chemosis) Oedema of eyelids and bridge of nose Dilatation and tortuosity of retinal veins Retinal hemorrhages Involvement of the contralateral [slideshare.net] Purtscher's Retinopathy Prognosis of visual acuity was better in patients with traumatic retinal hemorrhages compared to patients with Purtscher's retinopathy. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] The ophthalmoscopic picture was characteristic of Purtscher's retinopathy with cotton-wool exudates and retinal hemorrhages localized to the posterior pole. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] Multiple areas of retinal whitening with retinal hemorrhage was seen around optic disc in the right eye and few cotton wool spots (Figure-5) and one retinal hemorrhage was [djo.org.in] Retinal Perforation Aplasia retinal arterial tortuosity retinal artery occlusion retinal degeneration retinal detachment Retinal Dysplasia retinal edema Retinal Hemorrhage Retinal Neoplasms [rgd.mcw.edu] Ocular echography of the right eye revealed unilateral hemorrhagic retinal detachment with internal echogenicity, and therefore, a hemorrhagic retinal detachment (oculus dexter [e-tjo.org] […] or without retinal hemorrhage or vitreous loss. [healio.com] Behçet Disease Frosted branch angiitis is characterized by vascular inflammation, sheathing, retinal edema, and retinal hemorrhages. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] The most frequent fundus changes were vascular sheathing in 61 eyes (23.7%), optic atrophy in 46 (17.9%), macular edema in 29 (11.3%), retinal hemorrhage in 23 (9%), macular [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] […] scar in 21 (8.2%), optic disc paleness in 19 (7.4%), retinal edema in 17 (6.6%), branch retinal vein occlusion in 15 (5.8%). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] Retinal Hemorrhage Definition Retinal hemorrhage is the abnormal bleeding of the blood vessels in the retina, the membrane in the back of the eye. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com] […] with the absence of retinal hemorrhage produced by other causes of head injury. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] High altitude retinal hemorrhages: an update. High Alt Med Biol. 13:240–244, 2012. —Retinal hemorrhages represent a common phenomenon in eyes of high altitude climbers. [doi.org] Retinal Phlebitis Keywords Acute multifocal hemorrhagic retinal vasculitis Corticosteroids Cyclophosphamide Mycophenolate Rituximab Case report Background Acute Multifocal Hemorrhagic Retinal [bmcophthalmol.biomedcentral.com] […] vessels, a varying amount of retinal hemorrhage, and optic disc edema - all six patients improved spontaneously, but were left with sheathing of retinal vessels and the formation [sites.google.com] […] and focal retinal hemorrhage temporal to the macula. [healio.com] Precursor-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia Med Oncol. 2018 Feb 10;35(3):36. doi: 10.1007/s12032-018-1092-9. Author information 1 Oncohematology Section, Albert Sabin Children Hospital, Ceará, Brazil. 2 Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Ceará, UFC, Ceará, Brazil. 3 Flow Cytometry Section, Clementino Fraga Laboratory, Ceará, Brazil.[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] Pheochromocytoma INTRODUCTION: Pheochromocytoma of the urinary bladder is a rare tumor and presents less than 0.06% of all urinary bladder tumors. CASE REPORT: We presented a 49-year-old female patient with a history of daily paroxysmal hypertension accompanied with flushing of the face and upper chest, palpitations and[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] Malignant Hypertension Examination revealed bilateral 360 hemorrhagic choroidal detachments without retinal hemorrhage or detachment. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] One specific type of emergency is malignant hypertension, in which there are exudates and/or retinal hemorrhages or papilledema. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] Flame-shaped retinal hemorrhages, an early finding, are due to smooth muscle necrosis and bleeding along the nerve fiber layer. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] Battered Child Syndrome Retinal hemorrhages were visible in both fundi. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] A three-month old, premature female infant is presented with severe bilateral occult ocular damage comprised of cataracts, lenses dislocation, retinal hemorrhages and total [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] As well, head CT or MRI can be helpful in documenting intracranial hemorrhage, and a careful ophthalmologic exam can detect retinal hemorrhage. [teambone.com] Arteriosclerotic Retinopathy Ischemia secondary to vascular occlusions can cause neovascularization, vitreous hemorrhage, epiretinal membrane formation, and tractional retinal detachment. [eyewiki.aao.org] […] crossings, small, scattered hemorrhaging, and small, white, well-defined exudates with no surrounding edema. [medicine.academic.ru] Stage III: Retinal hemorrhages, hard exudates, cotton-wool spots, retinal edema (Fig. 12.20) Stage IV: Papilledema The WHO distinguishes between hypertensive retinopathy [alpfmedical.info]
