Retinal Phlebitis: Causes & Reasons

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Possible Causes for Retinal Phlebitis

Eales Disease

phlebitis, the onset of ischemia and retinal vessels neo area is often revealed by vitreous hemorrhage. [panafrican-med-journal.com]

Retinal phlebitis Retinal phlebitis is characterized by mid-peripheral venous dilation, perivascular exudates along the peripheral veins, and superficial retinal haemorrhages [nature.com]

Characteristic features include inflammation of the peripheral retinal vasculature causing retinal phlebitis that can lead to retinal non-perfusion, neovascularization and [symbiosisonlinepublishing.com]

Orbital Cellulitis

Abstarct Twenty patients with orbital cellulitis were treated over a seven-year period. All patients had a CT scan for localization and categorization of the disease. Fourteen of sixteen patients with post-septal involvement underwent surgical drainage and orbital exploration via an external ethmoidectomy approach.[…] [springerlink.com]

Retinal Phlebitis

A diagnosis of retinal phlebitis with cystoid macular edema was made, which was treated with oral corticosteroids with tapering dose. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

To report three cases of solitary, focal retinal phlebitis. An observational case series. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

phlebitis. [journals.lww.com]

Cancer-Associated Retinopathy

Cancer-associated retinopathy with retinal phlebitis. [bjo.bmj.com]

phlebitis, Br J Ophthalmol, 1993, vol. 77 (pg. 795 - 8 ) 11 Selective immunohistochemical staining in the paraneoplastic retinopathy syndrome, Ophthalmology, 1992, vol. 99 [academic.oup.com]

[…] retinopathy syndrome: a case of small cell lung cancer expressing recoverin immunoreactivity, Lung Cancer, 1996, vol. 14 (pg. 265 - 71 ) 10 Cancer-associated retinopathy with retinal [academic.oup.com]

Retinal Vasculitis

This patient’s diffuse retinal phlebitis and history of weakness and numbness are concerning for multiple sclerosis (MS). [asrs.org]

He was diagnosed as having retinal phlebitis with pulmonary tuberculosis by chest x-ray and computerized tomography scans and treated with anti-tuberculosis medications. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Bilateral ocular involvement and retinal phlebitis were common findings. 72% of patients presented with visual loss, which was severe in 27%. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Chondritis

Chemotaxis Specific locations Nervous CNS Encephalitis Myelitis Meningitis Arachnoiditis PNS Neuritis eye Dacryoadenitis Scleritis Episcleritis Keratitis chorioretinitis Retinitis [en.wikipedia.org]

Blepharitis Conjunctivitis Uveitis ear Otitis externa Otitis media Labyrinthitis Mastoiditis Cardiovascular Carditis Endocarditis Myocarditis Pericarditis Vasculitis Arteritis Phlebitis [en.wikipedia.org]

Intermediate Uveitis

The remaining five eyes from four patients showed similar findings and included retinal phlebitis, disc and macular oedema, and the presence of a 'snowbank' over the inferior [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

phlebitis Pediatric Considerations In children, IU tends to cause greater anterior chamber inflammation DIAGNOSTIC TESTS & INTERPRETATION Lab • Complete blood count (CBC) [entokey.com]

phlebitis, and neovascularization. • Ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) can demonstrate pars plana exudates and vitreitis in cases with small pupil • Diagnostic vitrectomy may [entokey.com]

Disorder of the Vitreous Body

Once the blood settles down, indirect ophthalmoscopy should be done to locate and further manage the causative lesion such as retinal break, phlebitis, etc. 39. [slideshare.net]

Panuveitis

Ocular findings include: Retinitis, retinochoroiditis, Vitritis Papillitis, optic neuritis Vasculitis (arteritis, phlebitis) Deep retinal infiltrates Subretinal neovascularization [eyewiki.aao.org]

[…] herpetic uveitis Heterochromia iridis Iris neovascularization Intraocular pressure may be increased or reduced White snowball like exudates near the ora serrata Mild peripheral phlebitis [eyewiki.aao.org]

Macular edema Papillitis or Disc edema Vitreous hemorrhage Vitritis Exudates in the choroid and retina Retinal hemorrhages Choroidal Neovascularization Retinal detachment [eyewiki.aao.org]

Panhypopituitarism

Macular edema Papillitis or Disc edema Vitreous hemorrhage Vitritis Exudates in the choroid and retina Retinal hemorrhages Choroidal Neovascularization Retinal detachment [eyewiki.aao.org]

Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy

Old, inactive retinal phlebitis as seen in the periphery of both eyes. [jamanetwork.com]

We report a new finding of peripheral retinal phlebitis associated with the 11778 mutation in LHON. [jamanetwork.com]

A fluorescein angiogram of both eyes appeared normal with no retinal vascular leakage or staining. Figure 1. A, Tilted, dysplastic optic nerve. [jamanetwork.com]

Autosomal Recessive Monocyte and Dendritic Cell Deficiency

Retinal phlebitis and the presence of cotton-wool spots have been reported as initial clinical findings in Hodgkin’s disease. [healio.com]

Zebra Body Myopathy

Retinal phlebitis with candle wax drippings in or near Retinal vessels in— Sarcoidosis 42. [mypgnotes.com]

Choroiditis

There also may be mild retinal phlebitis that may be more easily seen by fluorescein angiography than by ophthalmoscopy. [entokey.com]

Mild vitritis may be present in active disease Skip lesions may occur Subretinal neovascular membranes may form Phlebitis may be seen in the retinal vessels as perivascular [webeye.ophth.uiowa.edu]

Optic Nerve Edema-Splenomegaly Syndrome

Retinal phlebitis and the presence of cotton-wool spots have been reported as initial clinical findings in Hodgkin’s disease. [healio.com]

Chorioretinitis

Cancer-associated retinopathy with retinal phlebitis. Br J Ophthalmol. 1993;77(12):795–8. 14. Thirkill CE, Tait RC, Tyler NK, Roth AM, Keltner JL. [bmcophthalmol.biomedcentral.com]

Exam findings commonly include retinal arterial attenuation, vitreous cell, retinal pigment mottling, and disc pallor. [bmcophthalmol.biomedcentral.com]

A small number of cases have demonstrated vasculitis or phlebitis [ 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 ]. ERG findings are nearly uniformly depressed or flattened [ 7 ]. [bmcophthalmol.biomedcentral.com]

Paraneoplastic Polyneuropathy

Cancer-associated retinopathy with retinal phlebitis. Br J Ophthalmol. 1993;77(12):795–8. PubMed PubMed Central View Article Google Scholar Misiuk-Hojło M, et al. [ehoonline.biomedcentral.com]

Autoimmunity against carbonic anhydrase II affects retinal cell functions in autoimmune retinopathy. J Autoimmun. 2009;32(2):133–9. [ehoonline.biomedcentral.com]

Granulomatous Iritis

(+/- candlewax drippings) and/or retinal macroaneurism in an inflamed eye Optic disc nodule(s)/granuloma(s) and/or solitary choroidal nodule Bilaterality Posterior segment [eyewiki.aao.org]

[…] synechiae (PAS) Vitreous opacities displaying snowballs/"strings of pearls" Multiple chorioretinal peripheral lesions (active and/or atrophic) Nodular and/or segmental peri-phlebitis [eyewiki.aao.org]

Gingival Hematoma

vena caval and retinal thrombosis). [sjkdt.org]

[…] disorders and presence of signs of activity of SLE with high rate of APL antibodies. [4] Our patient had APS secondary to SLE with recurrent venous thrombotic complications (phlebitis [sjkdt.org]

Multiple Sclerosis

KEYWORDS: Multiple sclerosis; Phlebitis; Retinal periphlebitis; Retinal vasculitis [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Periureteritis

[…] parotitis, periangitis, periaortitis, periarthritis, pericystitis, periglottis, periorchitis, periosteitis, periostitis, perityphlitis, phacocystitis, phalangitis, pharyngitis, phlebitis [rimador.net]

[…] podarthritis, polyarthritis, polymyositis, polyneuritis, proprietatis, prostatitis, pseudoglottis, pulmonitis, pyelocystitis, pyloritis, pyometritis, pyonephritis, pyophthalmitis, retinitis [rimador.net]

Amebic Cystitis

Optic Nerve Infarction

To date, however, histopathological studies have been limited to severe, atypical cases of retinal vasculitis, and proof of phlebitis in this syndrome is not available. [medtextfree.wordpress.com]

Investigators have suggested that it results from central retinal vein inflammation at the disc, with secondary venous occlusion and disc edema. [medtextfree.wordpress.com]

Uveoparotid Fever

(+/- candlewax drippings) and/or retinal macroaneurism in an inflamed eye Optic disc nodule(s)/granuloma(s) and/or solitary choroidal nodule Bilaterality Posterior segment [eyewiki.aao.org]

Retrocecal Appendicitis

· Chemotaxis Specific types Nervous CNS (Encephalitis, Myelitis) · Meningitis (Arachnoiditis) · PNS (Neuritis) · eye (Dacryoadenitis, Scleritis, Keratitis, Choroiditis, Retinitis [ssf.f15ijp.com]

Blepharitis, Conjunctivitis, Iritis, Uveitis) · ear (Otitis, Labyrinthitis, Mastoiditis) Cardiovascular Carditis (Endocarditis, Myocarditis, Pericarditis) · Vasculitis (Arteritis, Phlebitis [ssf.f15ijp.com]

Pars Planitis

Intermediate uveitis is frequently associated with peripheral retinal phlebitis and is characterized by a high prevalence of CME (Fig. 4). [journals.lww.com]

[…] vessels (vasculitis), primarily involving the venous system (phlebitis), have been observed. [journals.lww.com]

[…] in the development of uveitis.55 Histopathology In pathologic specimens of IU, a prominent perivascular lymphocytic cuffing (perivasculitis) and wall infiltration of the retinal [journals.lww.com]

Vasculitis

Involvement of retinal veins due to inflammation is termed as phlebitis whereas retinal arteriolar involvement is termed as arteriolitis. [6] Epidemiology Retinal vasculitis [eyewiki.aao.org]

[…] ischemia, including cotton-wool spots and intra-retinal hemorrhage. [eyewiki.aao.org]

[…] conglomerate of typical clinical manifestations including perivascular sheathing or cuffing, vascular leakage and/or occlusion. [4] [5] It may be associated with signs of retinal [eyewiki.aao.org]

Systemic Vasculitis

Involvement of retinal veins due to inflammation is termed as phlebitis whereas retinal arteriolar involvement is termed as arteriolitis. [6] Epidemiology Retinal vasculitis [eyewiki.aao.org]

[…] ischemia, including cotton-wool spots and intra-retinal hemorrhage. [eyewiki.aao.org]

Phlegmonous Gastritis

[…] pigment epithelium) H35.8 기타 명시된 망막 장애(Other specified retinal disorders) H35.9 상세불명의 망막 장애 (Retinal disorder, unspecified) I80 정맥염 및 혈전정맥염(Phlebitis and thrombophlebitis [dic.impact.pe.kr]

Stargardt's disease) H35.6 망막 출혈(Retinal haemorrhage) H35.7 망막층의 분리(Separation of retinal layers) 중심성 장액성 맥락망막병증(Central serous chorioretinopathy) 망막 색소 상피 박리(Detachment of retinal [dic.impact.pe.kr]

Spastic Ataxia with Congenital Miosis

Retinal varices 362.18 Retinal vasculitis Eales' disease Retinal: arteritis endarteritis perivasculitis phlebitis 362.2 Other proliferative retinopathy 362.21 Retrolental [theodora.com]

[…] microaneurysms NOS 362.15 Retinal telangiectasia 362.16 Retinal neovascularization NOS Neovascularization: choroidal subretinal 362.17 Other intraretinal microvascular abnormalities [theodora.com]

[…] fibroplasia 362.29 Other nondiabetic proliferative retinopathy 362.3 Retinal vascular occlusion 362.30 Retinal vascular occlusion, unspecified 362.31 Central retinal artery [theodora.com]