Scoliosis: Causes & Reasons

Possible Causes for Scoliosis

In late-onset infantile scoliosis, 90% females are affected. In idiopathic scoliosis, females are at a greater risk. The pathophysiology of scoliosis is still unclear. [symptoma.com]

Typically, other than the above mentioned congenital scoliosis and neuromuscular scoliosis, most scoliosis is called idiopathic scoliosis. [emoryhealthcare.org]

Types of Scoliosis There are many causes of scoliosis, like there are many causes of headache. [scoliosis-australia.org]

Spondylolisthesis

They advocate that spondylolisthesis-associated scoliosis, especially severe scoliosis, should be considered as idiopathic scoliosis and must be treated with the same principles [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

We demonstrate that it is safe to observe the scoliosis, even in high-grade spondylolistheses. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

A relationship between lumbar scoliosis and spondylolisthesis has been well documented. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Muscular Dystrophy

Spinal fusion for scoliosis. The scoliosis curve in a wheelchair-dependent child with MD can become so severe that it aggravates breathing problems. [web.archive.org]

What's New in the Management of Neuromuscular Scoliosis. J Pediatr Orthop. 2016 Sep. 36 (6):627-33. [Medline]. [emedicine.com]

[…] topic=A00676) Scoliosis (http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=A00353) Scoliosis: Frequently Asked Questions (http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm? [web.archive.org]

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

Patients should be assessed for scoliosis and sitting balance. [posna.org]

[…] offered when the Cobb angle reaches 20 to 30 degrees 4 Scoliosis in DMD is responsive to bracing 5 Scoliosis surgery is ideally performed at skeletal maturity patients with [orthobullets.com]

Corrective surgery is sometimes needed, particularly for scoliosis. [msdmanuals.com]

Marfan Syndrome

Patients typically have associated problems in addition to scoliosis. [scoliosisassociates.com]

Halogravity traction can be a useful tool in the preoperative treatment of scoliosis in patients with Marfan syndrome if applied for 3 weeks. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Orthopedic management: Monitor for progressive scoliosis, bracing for scoliosis between 20 and 40 degrees, and consideration of surgery if the scoliosis is greater than 40 [clinicaladvisor.com]

Syringomyelia

[…] deficit and the size of the major curve of the scoliosis. [doi.org]

We present the first case report of a rare course of scoliosis in a patient with CM-I and a large syringomyelia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

However, a subset of CMI patients with scoliosis may not have a concomitant syrinx. Scoliosis in these patients has been very poorly documented in the literature. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita

We found the prevalence of scoliosis to be 65.9% (32 of 46 patients). A single thoracolumbar curve was the predominant curve pattern. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The two non-walkers in our series had severe scoliosis treated by spine fusion. [doi.org]

The two nonwalkers in their series had severe scoliosis treated by spinal fusion. [ijoonline.com]

Arthrogryposis due to Muscular Dystrophy

[…] of arthrogryposis, but the majority of patients had either congenital scoliosis or the long "C" curve typical of neuromuscular scoliosis. [scoliosisjournal.biomedcentral.com]

Biallelic Loss of Proprioception-Related PIEZO2 Causes Muscular Atrophy with Perinatal Respiratory Distress, Arthrogryposis, and Scoliosis Delle Vedove, A.; Storbeck, M.; [m.eurekamag.com]

All 4 had hypotonia and neck weakness in infancy, early spinal rigidity, and early scoliosis, followed by skeletal deformities and respiratory insufficiency, the 3 oldest [pediatricneurologybriefs.com]

Kyphosis

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) AIS is the most common type of idiopathic scoliosis and the most common type of scoliosis overall. [patient.info]

Monitoring for Scoliosis or Kyphosis If scoliosis or kyphosis is suspected, an X-ray of the spine should be obtained. [childrensoncologygroup.org]

Surgery for Scoliosis & Kyphosis Surgery is sometimes the most appropriate treatment to correct spinal curvature caused by adult scoliosis or kyphosis. [nyulangone.org]

Andersen-Tawil Syndrome

[…] prolongation of the QT interval with a variety of ventricular arrhythmias (leading to predisposition to sudden cardiac death) and characteristic physical features: short stature, scoliosis [orpha.net]

Some affected people also have short stature and an abnormal curvature of the spine (scoliosis). [rarediseases.oscar.ncsu.edu]

Some people with the condition may be shorter than normal and have an abnormally curved spine (scoliosis). [thinkgenetic.com]

Becker Muscular Dystrophy

Progressive scoliosis and contracture formation may require surgical intervention. [emedicine.com]

Spinal fusion to correct scoliosis may be scheduled based on the progression of spinal deformity and the age of the patient. [emedicine.com]

[…] presence of dystrophin in variable percentages; this may be helpful in the young child with no maternal history Spinal radiographs may be performed to follow the progression of scoliosis [emedicine.com]

Late-Onset Pompe Disease

Spinal muscular weakness may lead to scoliosis, or an abnormal curvature of the spine, especially in adolescents. [pompediseasenews.com]

The frequency of scoliosis screening depends on the degree and rate of disease progression and on the patient’s age. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The prevalence and impact of scoliosis in Pompe disease: Lessons learned from the Pompe Registry. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Rett Syndrome

BACKGROUND: Scoliosis is prominent in Rett syndrome (RTT). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Scoliosis is a common clinical manifestation of Rett syndrome, a neurodevelopmental disorder that almost exclusively affects females. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Others lose ambulation and due to scoliosis, dystonia, or atrophy, they may never walk. [symptoma.com]

Cerebral Palsy

scoliosis. [doi.org]

The behavior of this scoliosis is closely associated with the severity of the CP disability and unlike idiopathic scoliosis, it continues to progress beyond skeletal maturity [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

This coincided with plans for scoliosis corrective surgery. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Osteogenesis Imperfecta

Scoliosis can be divided into the three major types: Idiopathic Scoliosis The cause has not been discovered so far. [lecturio.com]

Special consideration is needed in scoliosis surgery, with challenges arising from prone positioning, neurophysiology monitoring, and blood loss. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Spinal fusion for scoliosis. [orthoinfo.aaos.org]

Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy Type 2E

COMMON Features of the Disorder Difficulty walking Wheelchair assistance Scoliosis Joint contractures Muscle cramps Exercise intolerance Cardiomyopathy (weak heart muscles [evolvegene.com]

Calf hypertrophy, cardiomyopathy, respiratory impairment, tendon contractures, scoliosis, and exercise-induced myoglobinuria may be observed. [orpha.net]

Bracing of the spine may limit the progression of scoliosis. [now.aapmr.org]

Emery-Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy Type 1

What's New in the Management of Neuromuscular Scoliosis. J Pediatr Orthop. 2016 Sep. 36 (6):627-33. [Medline]. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Symptoms include: trouble walking loss of reflexes difficulty standing up poor posture bone thinning scoliosis, which is excessive curvature of the spine mild mental impairment [dropfootorthotics.com]

Scoliosis repair in a teenager with Duchenne's muscular dystrophy: who calls the shots? Paediatr Anaesth 2009;19:1022-1024. [ Links ] 42. [scielo.org.co]

Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy Type 2F

Patients may also develop cardiomyopathy, scoliosis and/or joint contractures as the disease progresses. [sema4genomics.com]

Bracing of the spine may limit the progression of scoliosis. [now.aapmr.org]

Scoliosis - occurs mainly after wheelchair dependence. Careful attention to seating is important. [patient.info]

Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy Type 2C

Patients may also experience cardiomyopathy and lung disease, and may develop scoliosis and joint contractures as the disease progresses. [sema4genomics.com]

[…] orthotics, and wheelchairs as needed to help ambulation and mobility Monitoring and surgical intervention as needed for orthopedic complications such as foot deformity and scoliosis [rarediseases.info.nih.gov]

Bracing of the spine may limit the progression of scoliosis. [now.aapmr.org]

Neurofibromatosis

General information about patients was recorded, as were preoperative and postoperative scores from Scoliosis Research Society (SRS)-22 questionnaires. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] nondystrophic scoliosis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Enlargement and deformation of bones and curvature of the spine ( scoliosis ) may also occur. [webmd.com]

Meningomyelocele

A young boy presented with a cystic swelling over left gluteal region with lumbosacral scoliosis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] large meningomyelocele defects in an easily reproducible operation preserving local soft tissue (muscle, fascia) for potential salvage operations or revisions (such as for scoliosis [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Many children with myelomeningocele develop severe deformities of the spine, such as scoliosis. [orthoinfo.aaos.org]

Spondylocostal Dysostosis

This rare condition most commonly occurs when a baby is born with progressive scoliosis and severe rib fusion. [chop.edu]

[…] by a short neck and thorax, a protruding abdomen, abnormal vertebral segmentation and fusion posterior costal resulting in thoracic restriction or respiratory failure and scoliosis [eprints.uanl.mx]

The Genetics and Development of Scoliosis. New York: Springer; 2010. p. 81-108. 6. Aurora P, Wallis CE, Winter RM. [jcnonweb.com]

Neurofibromatosis Type 2

Bone problems Scoliosis Treatment for an abnormally curved spine (scoliosis) depends on how severe the curvature is. [nhs.uk]

Orthopaedic surgery Rapidly progressive scoliosis or severe bony defects need urgent attention. Early referral for scoliosis gives the best results. [patient.info]

Surgery may be required to realign the bones of the spine into the correct position in severe cases of scoliosis. Read more about treating scoliosis. [nhs.uk]

Congenital Muscular Dystrophy

CONCLUSIONS: The natural history of scoliosis, respiratory function and walking ability in UCMD patients were characterised. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

KEYWORDS: Fukuyama congenital muscular dystrophy; Scoliosis; Spinal fusion [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

To date, treatment for patients is supportive for symptoms such as joint contractures, respiratory failure and scoliosis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Lytic Bone Lesion

(mostly in adolescents and adults) secondary to stretching of the cranial nerves, and generalized osteoporosis resulting in biconcave vertebrae, vertebral collapse, and scoliosis [orpha.net]

[…] mandibula - Macrocephaly / macrocrania / megalocephaly / megacephaly - Microstomia / little mouth - Mutiple fractures / bone fragility - Prominent occiput / occipital bossing - Scoliosis [csbg.cnb.csic.es]

Sprengel Deformity

OBJECTIVES: To address the role of congenitally fused cervical segments, the degree of cervical scoliosis, and other risk factors on the presence of Sprengel's deformity [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

It is often misdiagnosed as scoliosis or often missed when associated with scoliosis.1 Sprengel deformity may be associated with Klippel-Feil syndrome, omovertebra, spina [casereports.bmj.com]

[…] cervical spine by an omovertebral bone, cartilage, or fibrous tissue, which, when present, can severely limit scapulothoracic motion; - associated anomalies: - congenital scoliosis [wheelessonline.com]

Pseudo-Hurler Polydystrophy

[…] symptoms of this disorder are similar, but less severe than those of I-cell disease (mucolipidosis type II) and may include progressive joint stiffness, curvature of the spine (scoliosis [informationtherapy.in]

The insertion of rods in the spine to stabilize the vulnerable areas can treat scoliosis. [en.wikipedia.org]

Arnold-Chiari Malformation

Associations spinal syringohydromyelia scoliosis segmentational anomalies (50%) 7 Klippel-Feil syndrome atlanto-axial assimilation diastematomyelia cerebral dysgenesis of [radiopaedia.org]

Thoracic scoliosis with axial images on the high and low thoracic MRI of the same patient. [raredr.com]

[…] follows 7 : neonatal myelomeningocele brainstem dysfunction resulting in cranial nerve palsies neurogenic bladder child musculoskeletal hydrocephalus young adult syrinx and scoliosis [radiopaedia.org]

Osteogenesis Imperfecta Type 3

Spinal fusion for scoliosis. [orthoinfo.aaos.org]

Most affected patients have an S -shaped scoliosis. [emedicine.medscape.com]

without preventing the scoliosis from worsening. [orthoinfo.aaos.org]

Myotonia Congenita Type Thomsen

[…] due to friedreich's ataxia Cervical scoliosis due to friedreichs ataxia Cervicothoracic neuromuscular scoliosis due to friedreich's ataxia Cervicothoracic scoliosis due to [icd10data.com]

Orthopaedic intervention, which may include surgery, can alleviate scoliosis, and orthopaedic appliances and physical therapy can help prolong ambulation. [brainfoundation.org.au]

Specific symptoms include Difficulty walking Muscle weakness Speech problems Involuntary eye movements Scoliosis (curving of the spine to one side) Heart palpitations, from [medlineplus.gov]