Spike-and-Slow-Waves: Causes & Reasons

Possible Causes for Spike-and-Slow-Waves

EEG showed long sequences of slow spike-wave activity and half the patients had spike and slow wave foci. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The interictal EEG revealed frequent bursts of generalized 100-200 μV, 2-4 Hz spike-and-slow-wave complexes. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The myoclonic component is associated with a generalized spike or polyspike. The atonic component is associated with the aftergoing high voltage slow wave. Imaging. [medlink.com]

Benign Adult Familial Myoclonic Epilepsy

[…] and slow wave seen in at least 85% of slow-wave sleep.  Characterized by a hallmark EEG presentation, called continuous spike and-wave during sleep (CSWS) or electrical [slideshare.net]

Continuous spike wave in slow wave sleep shows global difficulties with worsening attention, behavioral, and learning difficulties. [epilepsyfoundationmn.org]

The onset may be difficult to discern, and postictal EEG slowing may be noted. Slow spike-and-wave discharges (2.5 Hz). [reference.medscape.com]

Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy

The spike-peak and slow-wave onset phases did not show a consistently dominant outflow region. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

We applied dipole modeling and brain distributed source analysis to find current sources comprising spikes and slow waves of polyspike and wave complexes (PSWC) in patients [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The discharge is frequently short and fragmented, the spike and slow wave complexes show interdischarge frequency variations with multiple spikes and other characteristics [neurologyindia.com]

Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome

Interictal There may be focal or multifocal spike-and-wave or sharp-slow waves, with an anterior predominance. [epilepsydiagnosis.org]

FBM therapy induced disappearance of the EEG ictal slow, spike and wave complexes leaving rather unaffected the runs of spikes. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

slow spike-and-waves, cryptogenic Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, and symptomatic Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. [medlink.com]

Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathy Type 3

waves.  Within 1 year, EEG - abnormal slow BG with frequent asymmetrical paroxysms of polyspikes or spikes-slow waves.  Ictal EEG  Varies according to seizure type. 16 [slideshare.net]

West Syndrome (WS) aka as infantile spasms with hypsarrhythmia, EEG abnormality with asynchronous very high amplitude, irregular, continuous multifocal spike an slow wave [ijponline.biomedcentral.com]

Hypssarhythmia emerges after 3-6 months; later progressing to the slow spike wave pattern. [brainscape.com]

Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathy Type 6

spike and slow wave pattern of 1.5 to 2 Hz, [and it has] different seizure types. [neurologylive.com]

waves during slow-wave sleep [1]. [hindawi.com]

At onset, EEG is usually normal but later spikes or poly spike-waves with a slowing of background activity are noted as well as multifocal discharges. [orpha.net]

Idiopathic Generalized Epilepsy

waves Abnormal interictal EEG: slow spike-wave pattern Attempt anticonvulsive treatment, e.g., valproic acid, clobazam, lamotrigine, felbamate [13] Ketogenic diet, vagus [amboss.com]

[…] and wave photic driving photoparoxysmal response photomyogenic artifact poly spike and wave posterior dominant rhythm POSTs RMTTD sawtooth waves SIRPIDs sleep spindles slow [eegatlas-online.com]

An absence seizure was defined as a clinical change associated with generalized spike and slow wave or multiple spike and slow wave with a frequency of greater than 2.5 Hz [jamanetwork.com]

West Syndrome

[…] and slow-wave activity ( Gibbs and Gibbs 1952 ). [medlink.com]

[…] and slow-wave activity (Gibbs and Gibbs 1952). [medlink.com]

Interictal EEG displays diffuse and asynchronous high voltage spikes and slow waves suggesting the hypsarrhythmic pattern. B. [bmcneurol.biomedcentral.com]

Epilepsy

Electroencephalography showed spike-slow waves and slow waves with mixed asynchronized spike waves originating from the frontal lobe during the sleep stage. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] predominance, and multifocal spike-and-slow waves. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Focal EEG abnormalities commonly consisted of discrete spikes, sharp waves, or slow-wave activity. [jamanetwork.com]

Juvenile Absence Epilepsy

[…] and wave complexes on the EEG, and with diffuse, irregular slow spike and wave as ictal pattern. [cochranelibrary.com]

Typical AS are associated with an EEG showing regular generalised and symmetrical spike and slow wave complexes at a frequency of three cycles per second at the same time [cochranelibrary.com]

[…] onset and offset, longer duration, changes in muscular tone, and variable impairment of consciousness; they are associated with interictal 1.5‐2.5 Hz irregular, asymmetrical spike [cochranelibrary.com]

Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathy Type 13

[…] during slow-wave sleep. [intechopen.com]

EEG at that time showed generalized high amplitude multi-spike and slow waves. [bmcmedgenet.biomedcentral.com]

Familial Progressive Myoclonic Epilepsy

We got the EEG record in three affected members, and all of them showed paroxysm of sharp and slow wave in the posterior leads, with generalized spike and slow wave discharges [annalsofian.org]

Childhood AD: Autosomal Dominant BFIS: Benign Familial Infantile Seizures BFNC: Benign Familial Neonatal Convulsions CSE: Convulsive Status Epilepticus CSWS: Continuous spike-and-waves [amplexa.com]

spike-and-wave EEG pattern) Apnea due to involvement of the intercostal muscles Long seizures appear to have a clonic component (more frequent at night) Only the axial muscles [neurodiffdx.com]

Uremic Encephalopathy

[…] and sharp waves as well as spike-wave discharges in temporal regions. [37] In hyponatremia, EEG detects diffuse slowing in the theta range, followed by paroxysmal delta activity [neurologyindia.com]

Intermittent bursts of high voltage slowing and spike and wave activity are noted, particularly in the frontal leads. 44 The EEG may show an initial deterioration after treatment [jnnp.bmj.com]

[…] together with paroxysmal delta/theta activity, as well as focal paroxysms of sharp waves and spike-waves during hyperventilation (HV). [38] In patients with cirrhosis, in [neurologyindia.com]

Encephalopathy

[…] and paroxysmal bursts of sharp and slow waves, these drugs increase epileptiform activity in known epileptic patients, clozapine increase bilateral spike waves discharges [slideshare.net]

[…] and sharp waves as well as spike-wave discharges in temporal regions.[37] In hyponatremia, EEG detects diffuse slowing in the theta range, followed by paroxysmal delta activity [neurologyindia.com]

 Asynchronous slow waves and higher amplitude and low frequencies.  *. Burst of bisynchronous slow waves.  *. Rhythmical un-reactive alpha or theta coma.  *. [slideshare.net]

Toxic Encephalopathy

[…] addition to diffuse slow activity (theta and delta), triphasic waves with bifrontal predominance may be registered. [neurologyindia.com]

Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury

EEG may reveal generalized periodic discharges on a suppressed background, generalized bursts of spikes, spikes and waves, sharp waves, slow activity, triphasic waves or combinations [researchgate.net]

Interictal The interictal EEG may be normal or may show focal or multi-focal interictal spikes or spike-and-wave over the location(s) of the brain injury. [epilepsydiagnosis.org]

Unlike the interictal epileptiform activities, characterized by the presence of spikes and sharp waves, in combination or not with slow waves, and strongly associated with [scielo.br]

Atypical Absence Seizure

EEG ictal: Slow (less than 2.5 Hz) generalized spike-and-wave discharges accompany atypical absences. [medlink.com]

• Hyperventilation for 3-5 min can precipitate the seizures and the accompanying 3 Hz spike–and– slow-wave discharges. 7. • EEG: • The ictal EEG of a typical absence seizure [slideshare.net]

Diffuse slowing was seen in 22% and paroxysmal spikes or sharp waves in 37%. [epilepsy.com]

Familial Infantile Myoclonic Epilepsy

Ictal EEG Generalized polyspike or spike and slow-wave discharges. [epilepsy.com]

Continuous spike wave in slow wave sleep shows global difficulties with worsening attention, behavioral, and learning difficulties. [epilepsyfoundationmn.org]

Absence Seizure

The onset may be difficult to discern, and postictal EEG slowing may be noted. Slow spike-and-wave discharges (2.5 Hz). [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Last longer than typical absences. • Precipitated by drowsiness. • Not provoked by hyperventilation or photic stimulation. • Usually more difficult to treat. • 1-2 Hz spike–and–slow-wave [slideshare.net]

Acquired Epileptic Aphasia

Entry H01827 Disease Name Epileptic encephalopathy with continuous spike-waves during slow-wave sleep; Rolandic epilepsy, mental retardation, and speech dyspraxia Description [genome.jp]

Continuous spike and wave in slow-wave sleep (CSWS) is an electroencephalographic (EEG) pattern characterized by generalized spike-wave discharges occurring for at least 85% [pubfacts.com]

Continuous Spike Wave Discharges in Slow-Wave Sleep – don’t let it catch you napping! [acnr.co.uk]

Progressive Myoclonic Epilepsy Type 8

Figure 2: Slow activity in background with continuous spike or spike-slow wave in occipital lobe (A); continuous spike or spike-slow wave presented in bipolar montage (B). [journals.lww.com]

[…] fast spikes, polyspikes and polyspike‐and‐wave discharges Slow background activity, spike‐ and polyspike‐and‐wave discharges and multifocal spikes activated by non‐REM sleep [onlinelibrary.wiley.com]

Figure 3: Generalized polyspike and spike-slow complex wave synchronized to the tonic-clonic seizure in ictal EEG. [journals.lww.com]

Organic Brain Syndrome

A 57-year-old man with no personal or family history of manic-depressive disease developed symptoms of hypomania after a cerebrovascular accident and surgical trauma to the brain. The patient responded well to lithium carbonate treatment over a 2-year period. Although this therapy is contraindicated in cases of[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Progressive Myoclonic Epilepsy Type 3

slow spike and wave complexes. [academic.oup.com]

The EEG is characterized by slowing of background activity and the presence of generalized spike-wave and polyspike-wave complexes and bursts of slow waves. 5 High-voltage [clinicalgate.com]

Rolandic Epilepsy

In an EEG, characteristically high spikes with deflections in two directions (biphasic spikes) followed by slow waves can be found above the middle temporal lobe (centrotemporal [aoporphan.com]

The stimulus was delivered to the first finger of the right hand using a tendon hammer, which evoked a single spike followed by a slow wave, showing the maximal amplitude [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] and Waves during slow-wave Sleep (CSWS). [epilepsygenetics.net]

Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathy Type 2

Functional hemispherectomy was performed after electrocorticography revealed near-continuous spike and slow-wave discharges over the affected hemisphere. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Neonatal Seizures

Five issues are discussed with respect to the diagnosis, etiology, treatment, prognosis, and pathogenesis of neonatal seizures. The presentation of a newborn with seizures represents a true emergency and frequently indicates significant neurologic dysfunction or damage to the immature nervous system. Despite the[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Insulin Overdose

We report a very rare case of acute pulmonary edema caused by hypoglycemia from insulin overdose during an attempted suicide. A 16-year-old woman with type 1 diabetes was brought to our hospital because of hypoglycemic coma. She exhibited severe hypoxia; upon intubation, bloody froth poured out of the tube.[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Progressive Myoclonic Epilepsy Type 7

slow spike and wave complexes. [academic.oup.com]

Patient 7 had focal bifrontal-central spike and slow wave discharges (Fig. 4B), independent left then right frontal central spike and slow wave discharges, and multifocal [academic.oup.com]

Focal Epilepsy - Speech Disorder - Mental Retardation

Key words:epilepsy with continuous spike-waves during slow wave sleep, EEG, sleep. [scielo.br]

Key words: epilepsy with continuous spike-waves during slow wave sleep, EEG, sleep. [scielo.br]

Nowadays it is defined as "continuous spike waves during slow wave sleep"(CSWSS) 1. [scielo.br]

Benign Familial Infantile Epilepsy Type 4

waves and spikes not always present (e.g. [emilytam.com]

In this patient, IPS induced moderate‐voltage irregular spike‐and‐slow wave complexes and paroxysmal bursts of high‐voltage polyspikes more evident over the occipital region [onlinelibrary.wiley.com]

Ictal EEG consists of generalized flattening of the background activity, followed by localized or generalized spikes or slow waves(8). [indianpediatrics.net]