Possible Causes for spike and slow waves Epilepsy […] predominance, and multifocal spike-and-slow waves. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] Electroencephalography showed spike-slow waves and slow waves with mixed asynchronized spike waves originating from the frontal lobe during the sleep stage. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] Inter-ictal multifocal spikes or sharp and slow waves in nearly all EEGs. [epilepsy.com] Generalized Clonic or Tonic-Clonic Seizures The Lennox-Gastaut syndrome displays slow spike and waves on an abnormal slow background. [hawaii.edu] poly spike discharges." [2] The clonic phase EEG will show "high amplitude activity that is typically interrrupted by slow waves to create a spike-and-slow-wave pattern. [en.wikipedia.org] Generalized absence seizures display a 3 per second spike and slow wave pattern which is often preciptated by hyperventilation. [hawaii.edu] Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy The spike-peak and slow-wave onset phases did not show a consistently dominant outflow region. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] We applied dipole modeling and brain distributed source analysis to find current sources comprising spikes and slow waves of polyspike and wave complexes (PSWC) in patients [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] The discharge is frequently short and fragmented, the spike and slow wave complexes show interdischarge frequency variations with multiple spikes and other characteristics [neurologyindia.com] Benign Adult Familial Myoclonic Epilepsy […] and slow wave seen in at least 85% of slow-wave sleep. Characterized by a hallmark EEG presentation, called continuous spike and-wave during sleep (CSWS) or electrical [slideshare.net] The onset may be difficult to discern, and postictal EEG slowing may be noted. Slow spike-and-wave discharges (2.5 Hz). [reference.medscape.com] Slow spike and wave with fast activity in sleep. Eleven-year-om gm with LGS. [euroformhealthcare.biz] Myoclonic-Astatic Epilepsy EEG showed long sequences of slow spike-wave activity and half the patients had spike and slow wave foci. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] The interictal EEG revealed frequent bursts of generalized 100-200 μV, 2-4 Hz spike-and-slow-wave complexes. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] Atonia coincides with the slow wave of a single or multiple spike-wave complex and diffuse electromyography (EMG) paucity. [epilepsy.com] West Syndrome […] and slow-wave activity (Gibbs and Gibbs 1952). [medlink.com] […] and slow-wave activity ( Gibbs and Gibbs 1952 ). [medlink.com] Interictal EEG displays diffuse and asynchronous high voltage spikes and slow waves suggesting the hypsarrhythmic pattern. B. [bmcneurol.biomedcentral.com] Idiopathic Generalized Epilepsy An absence seizure was defined as a clinical change associated with generalized spike and slow wave or multiple spike and slow wave with a frequency of greater than 2.5 Hz [jamanetwork.com] Panayiotopoulos et al. (1994) [21] observed that 51.5% of patients had spike/multiple spike-slow wave discharges. [annalsofian.org] […] and wave photic driving photoparoxysmal response photomyogenic artifact poly spike and wave posterior dominant rhythm POSTs RMTTD sawtooth waves SIRPIDs sleep spindles slow [eegatlas-online.com] Susceptibility to Juvenile Absence Epilepsy 1 All patients had minimum twice EEG recordings and all had typical 3-Hz generalized spike and slow-wave discharges at least on one EEG. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] EEG shows classical generalized 3 Hz spike-and-slow-wave discharges. [medlink.com] […] seen in children, are characterized by a sudden and brief absence of consciousness lasting up to 20 seconds, with intense neuroelectrical activities in the brain, called spike-and-slow [dovemed.com] Early Infantile Epileptic Encephalopathy Type 6 spike and slow wave pattern of 1.5 to 2 Hz, [and it has] different seizure types. [neurologylive.com] At onset, EEG is usually normal but later spikes or poly spike-waves with a slowing of background activity are noted as well as multifocal discharges. [orpha.net] Four children had generalized spike and slow wave or polyspike and slow wave. [neurology.org] Atypical Absence Seizure EEG ictal: Slow (less than 2.5 Hz) generalized spike-and-wave discharges accompany atypical absences. [medlink.com] • Hyperventilation for 3-5 min can precipitate the seizures and the accompanying 3 Hz spike–and– slow-wave discharges. 7. • EEG: • The ictal EEG of a typical absence seizure [slideshare.net] Diffuse slowing was seen in 22% and paroxysmal spikes or sharp waves in 37%. [epilepsy.com] Encephalopathy […] and paroxysmal bursts of sharp and slow waves, these drugs increase epileptiform activity in known epileptic patients, clozapine increase bilateral spike waves discharges [slideshare.net] (PLEDS).[37] In hypokalemia, diffuse slow activity can be seen together with paroxysmal delta/theta activity, as well as focal paroxysms of sharp waves and spike-waves during [neurologyindia.com] Asynchronous slow waves and higher amplitude and low frequencies. *. Burst of bisynchronous slow waves. *. Rhythmical un-reactive alpha or theta coma. *. [slideshare.net] Uremic Encephalopathy […] discharges (PLEDS). [37] In hypokalemia, diffuse slow activity can be seen together with paroxysmal delta/theta activity, as well as focal paroxysms of sharp waves and spike-waves [neurologyindia.com] Intermittent bursts of high voltage slowing and spike and wave activity are noted, particularly in the frontal leads. 44 The EEG may show an initial deterioration after treatment [jnnp.bmj.com] frontal intermittent rhythmic delta activity (FIRDA), or spikes and sharp waves as well as spike-wave discharges in temporal regions. [37] In hyponatremia, EEG detects [neurologyindia.com] Absence Seizure • Hyperventilation for 3-5 min can precipitate the seizures and the accompanying 3 Hz spike–and– slow-wave discharges. 7. • EEG: • The ictal EEG of a typical absence seizure [slideshare.net] The onset may be difficult to discern, and postictal EEG slowing may be noted. Slow spike-and-wave discharges (2.5 Hz). [emedicine.com] • Last longer than typical absences. • Precipitated by drowsiness. • Not provoked by hyperventilation or photic stimulation. • Usually more difficult to treat. • 1-2 Hz spike–and–slow-wave [slideshare.net] Epilepsy with Continuous Spike-and-Slow-Waves during Sleep الصفحة 36 - Yagi K (1989): Clinical relevance of continuous spike-waves during slow wave sleep. [books.google.com] Electrical status epilepticus during slow sleep (ESES) was proposed by Tassinari et al. in 1971 for a particular EEG pattern characterized by diffuse spike-waves occurring [neupsykey.com] EEG continuous spikes and waves during slow-wave sleep (CSWS), usually 1 to 2 years from seizure onset. Sex Males (62%) show preponderance. [epilepsy.com] Organic Brain Syndrome Rogers MP, et al. Psychosom Med. 1986 Jul-Aug. Abstract Systemic mastocytosis is a disease characterized by an excessive accumulation of mast cells, and associated with skin lesions, flushing, diarrhea, tachycardia, and psychiatric manifestations. In order to define more clearly the psychiatric manifestations, ten[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome FBM therapy induced disappearance of the EEG ictal slow, spike and wave complexes leaving rather unaffected the runs of spikes. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] Interictal There may be focal or multifocal spike-and-wave or sharp-slow waves, with an anterior predominance. [epilepsydiagnosis.org] OBJECTIVE: To use EEG-fMRI to determine which structures are critically involved in the generation of paroxysmal fast activity (PFA) and slow spike and wave (SSW) (1.5-2.5 [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] Familial Infantile Myoclonic Epilepsy […] and slow wave seen in at least 85% of slow-wave sleep. Characterized by a hallmark EEG presentation, called continuous spike and-wave during sleep (CSWS) or electrical [slideshare.net] In this patient, IPS induced moderate‐voltage irregular spike‐and‐slow wave complexes and paroxysmal bursts of high‐voltage polyspikes more evident over the occipital region [onlinelibrary.wiley.com] […] and slow-wave complexes at 3 Hz associated with myoclonus. Interictal EEG is variable and ranges from normal to background slowing and generalized spike and slow-wave activity [slideshare.net] Early Infantile Epileptic Encephalopathy Type 3 waves. Within 1 year, EEG - abnormal slow BG with frequent asymmetrical paroxysms of polyspikes or spikes-slow waves. Ictal EEG Varies according to seizure type. 16 [slideshare.net] West Syndrome (WS) aka as infantile spasms with hypsarrhythmia, EEG abnormality with asynchronous very high amplitude, irregular, continuous multifocal spike an slow wave [ijponline.biomedcentral.com] Hypssarhythmia emerges after 3-6 months; later progressing to the slow spike wave pattern. [brainscape.com] Toxic Encephalopathy […] discharges (PLEDS). [37] In hypokalemia, diffuse slow activity can be seen together with paroxysmal delta/theta activity, as well as focal paroxysms of sharp waves and spike-waves [neurologyindia.com] frontal intermittent rhythmic delta activity (FIRDA), or spikes and sharp waves as well as spike-wave discharges in temporal regions. [37] In hyponatremia, EEG detects [neurologyindia.com] […] during hyperventilation (HV). [38] In patients with cirrhosis, in addition to diffuse slow activity (theta and delta), triphasic waves with bifrontal predominance may be [neurologyindia.com] Neonatal Seizures Abstract 18 neonates aged 5-60 days with Benign neonatal sleep myoclonus were identified. Fifteen neonates had been misdiagnosed as neonatal seizures before referral. All treatments were withdrawn once the diagnosis of benign neonatal sleep myoclonus was made. Benign neonatal sleep myoclonus should be considered[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] Panayiotopoulos Syndrome An outpatient EEG 6 months later showed abundant multifocal, predominantly posterior, as well as irregular generalized spike-and-slow-wave discharges on normal background [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] Spikes were observed in 6 cases and spike and slow-wave complex in 8. Discharges blocking by eyes opening were confirmed in 4 cases. [scielo.br] Neuro-Psiquiatr. vol.70 no.6 São Paulo June 2012 IMAGES IN NEUROLOGY Panayiotopoulos syndrome and continuous spike-wave during slow sleep Síndrome de Panayiotopoulos y punta-onda [scielo.br] Insulin Overdose We report a very rare case of acute pulmonary edema caused by hypoglycemia from insulin overdose during an attempted suicide. A 16-year-old woman with type 1 diabetes was brought to our hospital because of hypoglycemic coma. She exhibited severe hypoxia; upon intubation, bloody froth poured out of the tube.[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury EEG may reveal generalized periodic discharges on a suppressed background, generalized bursts of spikes, spikes and waves, sharp waves, slow activity, triphasic waves or combinations [researchgate.net] Interictal The interictal EEG may be normal or may show focal or multi-focal interictal spikes or spike-and-wave over the location(s) of the brain injury. [epilepsydiagnosis.org] Unlike the interictal epileptiform activities, characterized by the presence of spikes and sharp waves, in combination or not with slow waves, and strongly associated with [scielo.br] Focal Epilepsy - Speech Disorder - Mental Retardation Key words: epilepsy with continuous spike-waves during slow wave sleep, EEG, sleep. [scielo.br] Nowadays it is defined as "continuous spike waves during slow wave sleep"(CSWSS) 1. [scielo.br] Continuous Spike Wave Discharges in Slow-Wave Sleep – don’t let it catch you napping! [acnr.co.uk] Progressive Myoclonic Epilepsy Type 8 Figure 2: Slow activity in background with continuous spike or spike-slow wave in occipital lobe (A); continuous spike or spike-slow wave presented in bipolar montage (B). [journals.lww.com] […] fast spikes, polyspikes and polyspike‐and‐wave discharges Slow background activity, spike‐ and polyspike‐and‐wave discharges and multifocal spikes activated by non‐REM sleep [onlinelibrary.wiley.com] Figure 3: Generalized polyspike and spike-slow complex wave synchronized to the tonic-clonic seizure in ictal EEG. [journals.lww.com] Rolandic Epilepsy In an EEG, characteristically high spikes with deflections in two directions (biphasic spikes) followed by slow waves can be found above the middle temporal lobe (centrotemporal [aoporphan.com] The stimulus was delivered to the first finger of the right hand using a tendon hammer, which evoked a single spike followed by a slow wave, showing the maximal amplitude [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] […] and Waves during slow-wave Sleep (CSWS). [epilepsygenetics.net] Progressive Myoclonic Epilepsy Type 3 Figure 2: Slow activity in background with continuous spike or spike-slow wave in occipital lobe (A); continuous spike or spike-slow wave presented in bipolar montage (B). [journals.lww.com] slow spike and wave complexes. [academic.oup.com] The EEG is characterized by slowing of background activity and the presence of generalized spike-wave and polyspike-wave complexes and bursts of slow waves. 5 High-voltage [clinicalgate.com] Early Infantile Epileptic Encephalopathy Type 2 Functional hemispherectomy was performed after electrocorticography revealed near-continuous spike and slow-wave discharges over the affected hemisphere. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] waves. Within 1 year, EEG - abnormal slow BG with frequent asymmetrical paroxysms of polyspikes or spikes-slow waves. Ictal EEG Varies according to seizure type. 16 [slideshare.net] West Syndrome (WS) aka as infantile spasms with hypsarrhythmia, EEG abnormality with asynchronous very high amplitude, irregular, continuous multifocal spike an slow wave [ijponline.biomedcentral.com] Progressive Myoclonic Epilepsy Type 7 slow spike and wave complexes. [academic.oup.com] Figure 2: Slow activity in background with continuous spike or spike-slow wave in occipital lobe (A); continuous spike or spike-slow wave presented in bipolar montage (B). [journals.lww.com] Patient 7 had focal bifrontal-central spike and slow wave discharges (Fig. 4B), independent left then right frontal central spike and slow wave discharges, and multifocal [academic.oup.com] Epilepsia Partialis Continua His epileptic disorder evolved over time into drug-resistant epilepsy with continuous spike-waves during slow sleep and severe behavioral impairment. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] Focal EEG abnormalities commonly consisted of discrete spikes, sharp waves, or slow-wave activity. [archneur.jamanetwork.com]
