Spike-and-Slow-Waves: Causes & Reasons

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Possible Causes for Spike-and-Slow-Waves

Myoclonic-Astatic Epilepsy

EEG showed long sequences of slow spike-wave activity and half the patients had spike and slow wave foci. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The interictal EEG revealed frequent bursts of generalized 100-200 μV, 2-4 Hz spike-and-slow-wave complexes. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The myoclonic component is associated with a generalized spike or polyspike. The atonic component is associated with the aftergoing high voltage slow wave. Imaging. [medlink.com]

Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome

Interictal There may be focal or multifocal spike-and-wave or sharp-slow waves, with an anterior predominance. [epilepsydiagnosis.org]

FBM therapy induced disappearance of the EEG ictal slow, spike and wave complexes leaving rather unaffected the runs of spikes. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

slow spike-and-waves, cryptogenic Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, and symptomatic Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. [medlink.com]

Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathy Type 3

waves.  Within 1 year, EEG - abnormal slow BG with frequent asymmetrical paroxysms of polyspikes or spikes-slow waves.  Ictal EEG  Varies according to seizure type. 16 [slideshare.net]

West Syndrome (WS) aka as infantile spasms with hypsarrhythmia, EEG abnormality with asynchronous very high amplitude, irregular, continuous multifocal spike an slow wave [ijponline.biomedcentral.com]

Hypssarhythmia emerges after 3-6 months; later progressing to the slow spike wave pattern. [brainscape.com]

Benign Adult Familial Myoclonic Epilepsy

[…] and slow wave seen in at least 85% of slow-wave sleep.  Characterized by a hallmark EEG presentation, called continuous spike and-wave during sleep (CSWS) or electrical [slideshare.net]

We got the EEG record in three affected members, and all of them showed paroxysm of sharp and slow wave in the posterior leads, with generalized spike and slow wave discharges [annalsofian.org]

Continuous spike wave in slow wave sleep shows global difficulties with worsening attention, behavioral, and learning difficulties. [epilepsyfoundationmn.org]

Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy

The spike-peak and slow-wave onset phases did not show a consistently dominant outflow region. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

We applied dipole modeling and brain distributed source analysis to find current sources comprising spikes and slow waves of polyspike and wave complexes (PSWC) in patients [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The discharge is frequently short and fragmented, the spike and slow wave complexes show interdischarge frequency variations with multiple spikes and other characteristics [neurologyindia.com]

Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathy Type 6

spike and slow wave pattern of 1.5 to 2 Hz, [and it has] different seizure types. [neurologylive.com]

waves during slow-wave sleep [1]. [hindawi.com]

At onset, EEG is usually normal but later spikes or poly spike-waves with a slowing of background activity are noted as well as multifocal discharges. [orpha.net]

Idiopathic Generalized Epilepsy

waves Abnormal interictal EEG: slow spike-wave pattern Attempt anticonvulsive treatment, e.g., valproic acid, clobazam, lamotrigine, felbamate [13] Ketogenic diet, vagus [amboss.com]

[…] and wave photic driving photoparoxysmal response photomyogenic artifact poly spike and wave posterior dominant rhythm POSTs RMTTD sawtooth waves SIRPIDs sleep spindles slow [eegatlas-online.com]

An absence seizure was defined as a clinical change associated with generalized spike and slow wave or multiple spike and slow wave with a frequency of greater than 2.5 Hz [jamanetwork.com]

West Syndrome

[…] and slow-wave activity (Gibbs and Gibbs 1952). [medlink.com]

[…] and slow-wave activity ( Gibbs and Gibbs 1952 ). [medlink.com]

Interictal EEG displays diffuse and asynchronous high voltage spikes and slow waves suggesting the hypsarrhythmic pattern. B. [bmcneurol.biomedcentral.com]

Epilepsy

Electroencephalography showed spike-slow waves and slow waves with mixed asynchronized spike waves originating from the frontal lobe during the sleep stage. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] predominance, and multifocal spike-and-slow waves. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Focal EEG abnormalities commonly consisted of discrete spikes, sharp waves, or slow-wave activity. [jamanetwork.com]

Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathy Type 13

[…] during slow-wave sleep. [intechopen.com]

Major clinical findings of LKS include the following: Language regression EEG abnormalities, including continuous or near-continuous spike-waves during slow wave sleep The [centogene.com]

Familial Progressive Myoclonic Epilepsy

Childhood AD: Autosomal Dominant BFIS: Benign Familial Infantile Seizures BFNC: Benign Familial Neonatal Convulsions CSE: Convulsive Status Epilepticus CSWS: Continuous spike-and-waves [amplexa.com]

spike-and-wave EEG pattern) Apnea due to involvement of the intercostal muscles Long seizures appear to have a clonic component (more frequent at night) Only the axial muscles [neurodiffdx.com]

Uremic Encephalopathy

[…] and sharp waves as well as spike-wave discharges in temporal regions. [37] In hyponatremia, EEG detects diffuse slowing in the theta range, followed by paroxysmal delta activity [neurologyindia.com]

Intermittent bursts of high voltage slowing and spike and wave activity are noted, particularly in the frontal leads. 44 The EEG may show an initial deterioration after treatment [jnnp.bmj.com]

[…] together with paroxysmal delta/theta activity, as well as focal paroxysms of sharp waves and spike-waves during hyperventilation (HV). [38] In patients with cirrhosis, in [neurologyindia.com]

Encephalopathy

[…] and paroxysmal bursts of sharp and slow waves, these drugs increase epileptiform activity in known epileptic patients, clozapine increase bilateral spike waves discharges [slideshare.net]

[…] and sharp waves as well as spike-wave discharges in temporal regions.[37] In hyponatremia, EEG detects diffuse slowing in the theta range, followed by paroxysmal delta activity [neurologyindia.com]

 Asynchronous slow waves and higher amplitude and low frequencies.  *. Burst of bisynchronous slow waves.  *. Rhythmical un-reactive alpha or theta coma.  *. [slideshare.net]

Toxic Encephalopathy

[…] addition to diffuse slow activity (theta and delta), triphasic waves with bifrontal predominance may be registered. [neurologyindia.com]

Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury

EEG may reveal generalized periodic discharges on a suppressed background, generalized bursts of spikes, spikes and waves, sharp waves, slow activity, triphasic waves or combinations [researchgate.net]

Interictal The interictal EEG may be normal or may show focal or multi-focal interictal spikes or spike-and-wave over the location(s) of the brain injury. [epilepsydiagnosis.org]

Unlike the interictal epileptiform activities, characterized by the presence of spikes and sharp waves, in combination or not with slow waves, and strongly associated with [scielo.br]

Atypical Absence Seizure

EEG ictal: Slow (less than 2.5 Hz) generalized spike-and-wave discharges accompany atypical absences. [medlink.com]

Diffuse slowing was seen in 22% and paroxysmal spikes or sharp waves in 37%. [epilepsy.com]

• Hyperventilation for 3-5 min can precipitate the seizures and the accompanying 3 Hz spike–and– slow-wave discharges. 7. • EEG: • The ictal EEG of a typical absence seizure [slideshare.net]

Familial Infantile Myoclonic Epilepsy

Ictal EEG Generalized polyspike or spike and slow-wave discharges. [epilepsy.com]

Continuous spike wave in slow wave sleep shows global difficulties with worsening attention, behavioral, and learning difficulties. [epilepsyfoundationmn.org]

Absence Seizure

The onset may be difficult to discern, and postictal EEG slowing may be noted. Slow spike-and-wave discharges (2.5 Hz). [emedicine.com]

• Last longer than typical absences. • Precipitated by drowsiness. • Not provoked by hyperventilation or photic stimulation. • Usually more difficult to treat. • 1-2 Hz spike–and–slow-wave [slideshare.net]

Acquired Epileptic Aphasia

Entry H01827 Disease Name Epileptic encephalopathy with continuous spike-waves during slow-wave sleep; Rolandic epilepsy, mental retardation, and speech dyspraxia Description [genome.jp]

Continuous Spike Wave Discharges in Slow-Wave Sleep – don’t let it catch you napping! [acnr.co.uk]

Continuous spike and wave in slow-wave sleep (CSWS) is an electroencephalographic (EEG) pattern characterized by generalized spike-wave discharges occurring for at least 85% [pubfacts.com]

Organic Brain Syndrome

An organic brain syndrome ( OBS ), also known as an organic brain disease/disorder ( OBD ), an organic mental syndrome ( OMS ), or an organic mental disorder ( OMD ), is a syndrome or disorder of mental function whose cause is alleged to be known as organic ( physiologic ) rather than purely of the mind. These[…] [en.wikipedia.org]

Progressive Myoclonic Epilepsy Type 8

Figure 2: Slow activity in background with continuous spike or spike-slow wave in occipital lobe (A); continuous spike or spike-slow wave presented in bipolar montage (B). [journals.lww.com]

[…] fast spikes, polyspikes and polyspike‐and‐wave discharges Slow background activity, spike‐ and polyspike‐and‐wave discharges and multifocal spikes activated by non‐REM sleep [onlinelibrary.wiley.com]

Figure 3: Generalized polyspike and spike-slow complex wave synchronized to the tonic-clonic seizure in ictal EEG. [journals.lww.com]

Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathy Type 2

Functional hemispherectomy was performed after electrocorticography revealed near-continuous spike and slow-wave discharges over the affected hemisphere. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Neonatal Seizures

Drugs. 2016 Apr;76(6):647-61. doi: 10.1007/s40265-016-0554-7. Author information 1 Pharmacodelivery group, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland. 2 Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland. 3 Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research, University[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Insulin Overdose

We report a very rare case of acute pulmonary edema caused by hypoglycemia from insulin overdose during an attempted suicide. A 16-year-old woman with type 1 diabetes was brought to our hospital because of hypoglycemic coma. She exhibited severe hypoxia; upon intubation, bloody froth poured out of the tube.[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Progressive Myoclonic Epilepsy Type 3

slow spike and wave complexes. [academic.oup.com]

The EEG is characterized by slowing of background activity and the presence of generalized spike-wave and polyspike-wave complexes and bursts of slow waves. 5 High-voltage [clinicalgate.com]

Rolandic Epilepsy

In an EEG, characteristically high spikes with deflections in two directions (biphasic spikes) followed by slow waves can be found above the middle temporal lobe (centrotemporal [aoporphan.com]

The stimulus was delivered to the first finger of the right hand using a tendon hammer, which evoked a single spike followed by a slow wave, showing the maximal amplitude [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] and Waves during slow-wave Sleep (CSWS). [epilepsygenetics.net]

Focal Epilepsy - Speech Disorder - Mental Retardation

Key words: epilepsy with continuous spike-waves during slow wave sleep, EEG, sleep. [scielo.br]

Continuous Spike Wave Discharges in Slow-Wave Sleep – don’t let it catch you napping! [acnr.co.uk]

Nowadays it is defined as "continuous spike waves during slow wave sleep"(CSWSS) 1. [scielo.br]

Progressive Myoclonic Epilepsy Type 7

slow spike and wave complexes. [academic.oup.com]

Patient 7 had focal bifrontal-central spike and slow wave discharges (Fig. 4B), independent left then right frontal central spike and slow wave discharges, and multifocal [academic.oup.com]

Epilepsia Partialis Continua

Focal EEG abnormalities commonly consisted of discrete spikes, sharp waves, or slow-wave activity. [archneur.jamanetwork.com]

His epileptic disorder evolved over time into drug-resistant epilepsy with continuous spike-waves during slow sleep and severe behavioral impairment. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Ring Chromosome 20 Syndrome

The interictal EEG showed 1- to 2-Hz delta slow waves and spike-and-waves predominating in frontal areas, but no physiologic activity. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The EEG features in RC20 may also have overlapping features of continuous slow spike and wave discharges in slow wave sleep (CSWS) and electrical status epilepticus in sleep [epilepsy.com]

[…] intermixed with spikes or sharp waves, an EEG showing overlapping features of continuous slow spike and wave discharges in sleep (CSWS) and electrical status epilepticus [en.wikipedia.org]