Spongiosis: Causes & Reasons

Possible Causes for Spongiosis

In early stage neuropil is damaged by spongiosis, followed by capillary proliferation, astrogliosis, and increased numbers of macrophages. [hindawi.com]

The lesions take on different forms, including areas of demyelination, spongiosis, gliosis, necrosis, and capillary proliferation.[7] Demyelination is the loss of the myelin [en.wikipedia.org]

Histologically they presented as areas of spongiosis of the neuropil with prominent endothelial hyperplasia and vascular proliferation whereas nerve cells were well preserved [hindawi.com]

Pemphigus Vegetans

The cases of these two patients were compared with a typical case of eosinophilic spongiosis. All were controlled with dapsone therapy. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

January 1980 Pemphigus Vegetans: Its Relationship to Eosinophilic Spongiosis and Favorable Response to Dapsone Arch Dermatol. 1980;116(1):65-68. doi:10.1001/archderm.1980.01640250067019 [jamanetwork.com]

there are instances in which the dominant findings are of spongiosis and spongiotic vesicles, as is the situation here. [derm101.com]

Zinc-Responsive Necrolytic Acral Erythema

Histopathology mostly showed hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, prominent granular layer, spongiosis and dermal infiltrate. [ingentaconnect.com]

A lesional biopsy revealed hyperkeratosis, psoriasiform acanthosis, spongiosis, normal granular layer and minimal perivascular mononuclear infiltrate [Figure 3]. [ijdvl.com]

A lesional biopsy revealed hyperkeratosis, psoriasiform acanthosis, spongiosis, normal granular layer and minimal perivascular mononuclear infiltrate [ Figure - 3 ]. [bioline.org.br]

Papular Urticaria

Features that presented in more than 50% of cases included mild acanthosis, mild spongiosis, exocytosis of lymphocytes, mild subepidermal edema, extravasation of erythrocytes [scholar.sun.ac.za]

Papular urticaria with marked spongiosis and a dense inflammatory cell infiltrate can't be reliably exceptional from arthropod bites on clinical and histopathologic grounds [allergyandimmunology.blogspot.com]

Papular urticaria with marked spongiosis and a dense inflammatory cell infiltrate cannot be reliably distinguished from arthropod bites on clinical and histopathologic grounds [scholar.sun.ac.za]

Parapsoriasis

Spongiosis was the salient histopathologic feature, with absence of fibrosis or melanophages. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Histopathologic examination reveals a mild superficial perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate associated with mild spongiosis and parakeratosis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Histologic Features Thin orthokeratosis An epidermis of normal thickness containing atypical lymphoid cells singly and in collections Minimal spongiosis Vacuolar degeneration [dxpath.com]

Drug-Induced Esophagitis

[…] of photoallergy. 3%), Focal acanthosis in 48 cases (80%), Spongiosis in 38 cases (63. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

Histology is non-specific and shows focal spongiosis and exocytosis in the epidermis with a mixed dermal inflammatory infiltrate. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

The team also observed basal cell and papillary hyperplasia and areas of spongiosis, even though the surface cells were still intact. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

Erythema Annulare Centrifugum

In addition to a superficial perivascular infiltrates, epidermal changes like parakeratosis and spongiosis are also found in the superficial form. [e-ijd.org]

[…] common but not always present. 2 Slowly progressing but may enlarge up to 2 to 5 mm/day. 2 Evaluation of a skin biopsy specimen by light microscopy reveals parakeratosis and spongiosis [basicmedicalkey.com]

Histology shows a well demarcated perivascular lymphohistiocytic infiltrate in the superficial dermis with subtle spongiosis and scale. [pathologyoutlines.com]

Pityriasis Lichenoides

Pityriasis rosea: edema of papillary body, focal spongiosis, no apoptotic keratinocytes, superficial perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate, few eosinophils. [altmeyers.org]

Histopathological evaluation of PLEVA usually reveals epidermal spongiosis, mild to moderate acanthosis, parakeratosis, dyskeratosis, and occasional vacuolar degeneration [mdpi.com]

Although exocytosis and spongiosis are considered as important features of PL, in this study they were present in only 23 cases. [ijdvl.com]

Pigmented Purpuric Lichenoid Dermatosis

Pigmented purpuric lichenoid dermatitis of Gougerot and Blum: Dermatitis with band-like infiltrate in the upper dermis ± epidermal spongiosis Itching purpura: Marked spongiosis [pathologyoutlines.com]

Epidermis showed mild spongiosis and parakeratosis [Figure 2] b. [jahjournal.org]

Different comparing with Schamberg’s disease because of the presence of focal spongiosis and scale crust. [sydneyskinandvein.com.au]

Chronic Lichenoid Pityriasis

Essential features Asymptomatic red-brown and small sized papulosquamous lesions arise in crops and usually involve trunk, upper extremities and buttocks Parakeratosis, spongiosis [pathologyoutlines.com]

The papulosquamous lesion revealed focal parakeratosis, prominent spongiosis, and perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate in the upper dermis. [e-ijd.org]

[…] papillae due to persistent rubbing; no thinning of suprapapillary plate; hyperkeratosis and hypergranulosis are often marked, minimal parakeratosis unless background of spongiosis [pathologyoutlines.com]

Melhem-Fahl Syndrome

Myoshi type Muscular dystrophy limb-girdle with beta-sarcoglycan deficiency Muscular dystrophy limb-girdle with delta-sarcoglyan deficiency Muscular dystrophy white matter spongiosis [mindmappedia.com]

Pityriasis Alba

Histologic evaluation of biopsy specimens of PA showed consistent spongiosis, follicular spongiosis, focal parakeratosis and acanthosis in the epidermis together with a superficial [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Hyperkeratosis, parokeratosis, ocanthosis, spongiosis and perivasculor infiltration were the consistent histological features of pityriasis alba. [ijdvl.com]

[…] variant of seborrheic dermatitis or atopic dermatitis Possibly caused by Pityrosporum infection Histologic Features: Hyperkeratosis with patchy parakeratosis Mild acanthosis Spongiosis [dermpedia.org]

Gianotti-Crosti Syndrome

Changes in liver profile might be caused by hepatitis or EBV.1,5,6 Histopathologic findings are non-specific, and include: acanthosis, hyperkeratosis, focal parakeratosis, spongiosis [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The histopathologic findings are nonspecific and include focal parakeratosis, mild spongiosis, superficial perivascular infiltrate, papillary dermal edema, and extravasated [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Histologic Features Focal parakeratosis overlying a small wedge-shaped lesion Focal spongiosis in upper epidermis with atypical lymphoid cells Slight psoriasiform hyperplasia [dxpath.com]

Miliaria

[…] within stratum corneu Miliaria rubra: intraepidermal spongiotic vesicle In both variants, lesion is centered around an intraepidermal eccrine sweat duct Miliaria profunda: spongiosis [pathologyoutlines.com]

[…] of ductal blockage Pathogenesis Sweat goes into the epidermis and upper dermis causing inflammation around the pores Clinical Pruritic or prickly small papules Histology Spongiosis [dermpathdiagnostics.com]

Histology of miliaria rubra shows spongiosis and spongiotic vesicles. [dermnetnz.org]

Eosinophilic Pustular Folliculitis

Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis of Ofuji is a recalcitrant disease typified by non-infective eosinophilic spongiosis involving the infundibular region of the hair follicle [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

A biopsy specimen obtained from a skin pustule showed subcorneal eosinophilic and neutrophilic pustules in the follicular infundibulum with marked spongiosis of the follicular [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

With reference to the histological characteristics of eosinophilic pustular folliculitis, the following are expected: Spongiosis of the follicular epithelium Eosinophilic, [symptoma.com]

Chronic Actinic Dermatitis

[…] months' duration; (2) decreased phototest results; and (3) when available, histologic changes of a dermal infiltrate of lymphocytes and macrophages, with or without epidermal spongiosis [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Skin biopsies demonstrated eczematous features including parakeratosis, acanthosis, spongiosis, and prominent dermal fibroplasia. [scholars.northwestern.edu]

Subcorneal Pustular Dermatosis

The first inflammatory cells to enter the epidermis of psoriasis are lymphocytes and they are accompanied there by slight spongiosis. [epathologies.com]

Figure 3 Superficial perivascular mixed cell infiltrate with spongiosis and a subcorneal pustule. [clinicaldermatology.eu]

In subcorneal pustular dermatosis, unlike in pustular psoriasis, the epidermis usually has minimal spongiosis. [pcds.org.uk]

Mycosis

Epidermotropism without spongiosis 2. [jaoa.org]

The incidence of LCM in MF is not entirely unexpected because spongiosis may be present in MF; a study of early (patch) MF showed 4% of MF had marked spongiosis.12 Notably [archivesofpathology.org]

Absent to minimal spongiosis (helpful in the differential diagnosis with eczematous disorders, which may be indistinguishable from MF at this stage) Plaque stage: Dense band-like [dermpedia.org]

Bloch Sulzberger Syndrome

A biopsy of a vesicle on the arm showed epidermal spongiosis with numerous eosinophils within the epidermis (eosinophilic spongiosis), eosinophil filled intra-epidermal blisters [dovepress.com]

Anatomopathological exam: Intraepidermal vesicles (H&E, 40x) Anatomopathological exam: Spongiosis and numerous eosinophils inside of the intraepidermal vesicle (H&E, 100x) [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Figure 2 Arrow points to eosinophilic spongiosis with vesicle formation within epidermis in a biopsyspecimen. [dovepress.com]

Chronic Generalized Exfoliative Dermatitis

[…] and mild scaling Light pink papules Microscopic (histologic) description Acute, subacute or chronic spongiotic dermatitis In acute lesions, there is focal, usually mild, spongiosis [pathologyoutlines.com]

Focal areas of spongiosis were seen along with lymphocytic exocytosis. Vertical bands of fibrosis were seen in the papillary dermis. [ijpd.in]

A skin biopsy showed spongiosis, irregular acanthosis of epidermis with micro Munroe abscesses. Dermis showed perivascular lymphocytic infiltration (Figure 2a and 2b). [clinical-pediatrics-dermatology.imedpub.com]

Anti-p200 Pemphigoid

Neutrophilic and eosinophilic spongiosis was found in five and three biopsies, respectively. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Pityriasis Circinata

Intraepidermal cytoid body may be present Focal acantholytic dyskeratosis occasionally documented Also lymphohistiocytic infiltrate around vessels of superficial plexus and slight spongiosis [pathologyoutlines.com]

Focal parakeratosis in mounds, hyperplasia, and focal spongiosis are observed in the epidermis. [statpearls.com]

The epidermis may show exocytosis of lymphocytes, variable spongiosis, mild acanthosis, and a thinned granular layer. [statpearls.com]

Plasma Cell Gingivitis

"Lozenge" keratinocytes, "watery" spongiosis, and exocytosis were seen in the epidermis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

“Lozenge” keratinocytes, “watery” spongiosis, and exocytosis were seen in the epidermis. [mdedge.com]

The histopathologic appearance is characterized by diffuse, sub-epithelial plasma cell inflammatory infiltration into the connective tissue. [3] The epithelium shows spongiosis [en.wikipedia.org]

Dermatitis Vegetans

Five patterns of spongiosis : 1. Neutrophilic spongiosis (where there are neutrophils within foci of spongiosis) Example- Pustular Psoriasis 2. [histopathology-india.net]

In PD-PSV, histopathology reveals pseudoephiteliomatous hyperplasia with intraephitelial microabscesses and eosinophilic spongiosis. [scielo.br]

Archives of Dermatology 123(3): 393, 396-7, 1987 Pemphigus vegetans (Hallopeau) with eosinophilic spongiosis--successful retinoid therapy. [eurekamag.com]

Pityriasis Lichenoides et Varioliformis Acuta

Pityriasis rosea: edema of papillary body, focal spongiosis, no apoptotic keratinocytes, superficial perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate, few eosinophils. [altmeyers.org]

The epidermis on the edge of the ulceration was irregularly hyperplastic and showed spongiosis. [hrcak.srce.hr]

[…] superficial lymphohistiocytic infiltrate Parakeratotic scale and crust, with thinning of the granular layer Interface dermatitis with basal cell necrosis and vacuolation Epidermal spongiosis [dermnetnz.org]

Malignant Hyperthermia - Arthrogryposis - Torticollis

Muscular dystrophy white matter spongiosis[?] Muscular dystrophy, congenital, merosin-positive[?] Muscular dystrophy, Duchenne and Becker type[?] [encyclopedia.kids.net.au]

Myelocerebellar Disorder

[…] dystrophy, Muscular Dystrophy - Late Onset, Muscular dystrophy congenital merosin negative, Muscular dystrophy limb girdle type 2A Erb type, Muscular dystrophy white matter spongiosis [yumpu.com]

[…] type * Muscular dystrophy limb-girdle with beta-sarcoglycan deficiency * Muscular dystrophy limb-girdle with delta-sarcoglyan deficiency * Muscular dystrophy white matter spongiosis [en.academic.ru]

Cutaneous Pseudolymphoma

[…] erythematous macule of the size of a guinea over the left cheek, is presented in a 7-year-old girl, the diagnosis of which was complimented by lymphocytic exocytosis with spongiosis [ijpd.in]

There is acanthosis, spongiosis and a superficial dermal perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate. [e-immunohistochemistry.info]

•Acanthosis •Minimal spongiosis •Epidermotropic lymphocytes 14. [de.slideshare.net]

Mononen-Karnes-Senac Syndrome

Nail Dystrophy

In twenty-nail dystrophy, there is a granular layer in the nail bed and matrix, with marked spongiosis. [edoj.org.eg]

Parakeratosis and Monro micro-abscesses are usually not preserved, and there may be more spongiosis than is typically seen in classic cases which add to the difficulty of [omicsonline.org]

Figure 6: Acanthosis, spongiosis, exocytosis, and trapped glycogen in epidermal keratin; manifestation of eczema in nail bed. [edoj.org.eg]