Stillbirth: Causes & Reasons

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Possible Causes for Stillbirth

Listeriosis

Listeriosis is implicated in stillbirth, preterm labor, newborn sepsis, and meningitis, among other complications. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

In pregnant women, it can be serious for the unborn child, causing premature birth, stillbirth or infection in the newborn. [bccdc.ca]

LISTERIOSIS ( Listeria monocytogenes ) Clinical Criteria Any person with at least one of the following three: – Listeriosis of newborns defined as Stillbirth OR At least one [szu.cz]

Erythema Infectiosum

The infection can also be transmitted from mother to fetus during pregnancy, rarely resulting in stillbirth or severe anemia and excess fluid and swelling (edema) in the fetus [msdmanuals.com]

Group B Streptococcal Infection

There were a further 27 deaths from infection without a confirmed microbiological diagnosis, and 17 stillbirths from confirmed group B streptococcal infection. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Although generally harmless to pregnant women it is recognised that GBS can occasionally late miscarriage, preterm birth, and stillbirth. [strepelle.com]

The bacterium also can infect children, older adults, pregnant and postpartum women, and may result in stillbirth and preterm labor. 1,6,9,10 Maternal colonization is the [journals.lww.com]

Anencephaly

Anencephaly is invariably associated with death as a stillbirth, a neonatal death, or occasionally a post-neonatal death. [sharecare.com]

More female newborns have anencephaly than males, possibly because of a higher rate of spontaneous abortions or stillbirths among male fetuses. What causes anencephaly? [my.clevelandclinic.org]

Meckel Syndrome

Of the 12 cases followed up antenatally, 7 were stillbirths while 5 were live births. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The prenatal findings in one stillbirth were typical for MKS: polydactyly, enlarged cystic kidneys, and occipital encephalocele. [onlinelibrary.wiley.com]

The parents are first degree relatives with no family history of similar condition and no history of miscarriage or stillbirth. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Achondrogenesis, Type 1A

[…] form of chondrodysplasia characterized by deficient ossification in the lumbar vertebrae and absent ossification in the sacral, pubic and ischial bones and clinically by stillbirth [malacards.org]

[…] type 1B and Acho","Stillbirth\n","Breech birth\n","Hydrops\n","Death - within hours of birth due to underdeveloped lungs\n\nSee also the symptoms of Achondrogenesis type [webhealthnetwork.com]

[…] chondrodystrophy characterized radiographically by deficient ossification in the lumbar vertebrae and absent ossification in the sacral, pubic and ischial bones and clinically by stillbirth [malacards.org]

Osteogenesis Imperfecta

A case of a stillbirth with lethal type II osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) was reported. The fetus had skull fractures and craniocerebral injuries during pregnancy. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

In type II OI, the most severe form of the disease, stillbirth is common, or fractures are evident at birth; severe crippling often occurs, and survival to adulthood is uncommon [britannica.com]

Atelosteogenesis

Polyhydramnios ; Premature birth ; Proptosis ; Radial bowing ; Rhizomelia ; Short femur ; Short humerus ; Short metacarpal ; Short metatarsal ; Short neck ; Short nose ; Sporadic ; Stillbirth [mousephenotype.org]

[…] retrusion ; Platyspondyly ; Pulmonary hypoplasia ; Respiratory insufficiency ; Sandal gap ; Scoliosis ; Short middle phalanx of finger ; Short neck ; Short sacroiliac notch ; Stillbirth [mousephenotype.org]

[…] curving of the spine 0002650 Short middle phalanx of finger Short middle bone of finger 0005819 Short neck Decreased length of neck 0000470 Short sacroiliac notch 0003185 Stillbirth [rarediseases.info.nih.gov]

Infantile Restrictive Dermopathy

Rare minimally affected individuals may remain unrecognized Genetics • X-linked dominant deletion in Xp11.23P, X-linked PORCN • History of miscarriages of male fetuses and stillbirths [clinicalgate.com]

[…] poorly treated gestational diabetes are at increased risk of being too large, having low blood sugar after birth, and jaundice. [2] If untreated, it can also result in a stillbirth [en.wikipedia.org]

Women who use insulin, with a history of stillbirth, or with hypertension are managed like women with overt diabetes. [18] Lifestyle [ edit ] Counselling before pregnancy [en.wikipedia.org]

Spontaneous Abortion

Although the risk of stillbirth was not significantly increased, this outcome should be investigated further. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Pregnancy loss Summary Definition Etiology Spontaneous abortion Stillbirth Clinical features Diagnostics Spontaneous abortion (< 20 weeks' gestation) Stillbirth (> 20 weeks [amboss.com]

In the 5382 pregnancies exposed to fluconazole from week 7 to birth, 21 stillbirths occurred. In the 21506 unexposed matched pregnancies, 77 stillbirths occurred. [contemporaryobgyn.net]

Preeclampsia

smoking reduced the risk of all categories of preeclampsia except for preeclampsia with an SGA infant or stillbirth. [ahajournals.org]

[…] settings, reduced circulating maternal free placental growth factor (PlGF) aids in either predicting or confirming the diagnosis of preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, stillbirth [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

RESULTS: The occurrence rates of immune disease and stillbirth, hospitalization time and the levels of serum albumin (ALB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate transaminase [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Toxoplasmosis

Toxoplasma gondii's importance for humans refers mainly to primary infection during pregnancy, resulting in abortion/stillbirth or congenital toxoplasmosis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Infection in pregnant women can lead to stillbirth and disorders in newborns. At present, prevention is only targeted at pregnant women. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Congenital toxoplasmosis may result in stillbirth or abortion; infected infants may show various symptoms including jaundice, encephalitis, mental defects, and eye disease [britannica.com]

Abruptio Placentae

Stillbirth was defined as a fetus weighing≥500 gm showing no sign of life after birth. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Stillbirth (group 1) occurred in eight of 50 cases of abruptio placentae (16%). Adverse outcome was seen in 11 survivors (11 of 42; 26.2%). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] in stillbirth. [canada.ca]

Fetal Distress in Labor

RESULTS: No stillbirths occurred within 4 days of the last antepartum test. However, the corrected stillbirth rate of the entire tested population was 1.4 per 1000. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Approximately 2% of stillbirths in Australia are attributed to lack of oxygen during birth. [bellybelly.com.au]

Stillbirth rates have been shown to be significantly lower after a reactive trace than after a non-reactive trace [ 6 ]. [patient.info]

Cholestasis

ICP is associated with higher rates of intrauterine fetal demise (IUFD) also known as stillbirth. [liverfoundation.org]

Stillbirth Still birth tends to occur in the last few weeks of pregnancy. The reason this occurs is not completely understood. [liverfoundation.org]

There have been reports of maternal hemorrhage as well as stillbirth in utero and postpartum due to ICP induced Vitamin K Deficiency. [liverfoundation.org]

Diabetes in Pregnancy

Hyperglycaemia can cause placental failure and stillbirth and for this reason early delivery is recommended. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Infants of mothers with diabetes have increased rates of congenital anomalies, premature delivery, macrosomia, stillbirth and NICU admissions. [clinicaltrials.gov]

In the fetus, morbidities arising from exposure to diabetes in utero include not only increased congenital anomalies, fetal overgrowth, and stillbirth, but metabolic abnormalities [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Placental Insufficiency

BACKGROUND: While being small-for-gestational-age due to placental insufficiency is a major risk factor for stillbirth, 50% of stillbirths occur in appropriate-for-gestational-age [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] therapy (HAART) influences the etiology of stillbirths. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Lancet’s Stillbirths Series steering committee. Stillbirths: what difference can we make and at what cost? [journals.plos.org]

Gestational Diabetes

Spontaneous pregnancies in women with TS are quite rare and pregnancy outcomes involving an increased risk of miscarriage and stillbirths are observed. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] independent risk factor for premature birth (odds ratio [OR] = 1.460, P < 0.001), neonatal care unit admission (OR = 1.284, P < 0.001), RDS (OR = 1.322, P = 0.001), and stillbirth [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Type 1 or type 2 diabetes diagnosed before pregnancy (preexisting diabetes) increases infants' risk for congenital anomalies, stillbirth, and being large for gestational age [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Syphilis

Stillbirth was identified if women had any International Classification of Disease, Ninth Revision codes related to a stillbirth outcome. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Congenital syphilis is a major cause of stillbirth, childhood morbidity, and mortality worldwide[1]. Syphilis is classified as acquired or congenital. [patient.info]

Congenital syphilis is a major cause of stillbirth, childhood morbidity, and mortality worldwide [ 1 ]. Syphilis is classified as acquired or congenital. [patient.info]

Multiple Pregnancy

For stillbirths, the rates were even lower than in singletons in gestational age categories of less than 32 weeks. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The overall stillbirth and neonatal mortality rates in twins were 18.0/1,000 births and 23.0/1,000 live births respectively. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] of stillbirth. [bmjopen.bmj.com]

Missed Abortion

( P95 ) O36.4 ) stillbirth ( ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code P95 Stillbirth 2016 2017 2018 2019 Billable/Specific Code Code on Newborn Record Applicable To Deadborn fetus NOS Fetal [icd10data.com]

(P95)O36.4) stillbirth ( ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code P95 Stillbirth 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Billable/Specific Code Code on Newborn Record Applicable To Deadborn fetus NOS Fetal [icd10data.com]

Pregnancy loss Summary Definition Etiology Spontaneous abortion Stillbirth Clinical features Diagnostics Spontaneous abortion (< 20 weeks' gestation) Stillbirth (> 20 weeks [amboss.com]

Placentitis

In addition to abortion, stillbirth and pre-term birth, the mare may produce small weak foals, small normal and normal foals. [myeventflo.com]

The clinical ramifications of nocardioform placentitis range from late gestation abortions, stillbirths, prematurity and the birth of live but non-viable foals, to foals that [eqmedical.com]

Keywords Abortion; Amycolatopsis; Antibiogram; Chronic Placentitis; Equine; Nocardioform; Placental Insufficiency; Stillbirth; Uterine Body Metrics Total abstract views: 1439 [jsava.co.za]

Incomplete Spontaneous Abortion

Some use the cutoff of 20 weeks of gestation after which fetal death is known as a stillbirth. The most common symptoms of a miscarriage is vaginal bleeding. [icd.codes]

[…] and early delivery are classified as follows: Abortion: Death of the fetus or passage of products of conception (fetus and placenta) before 20 wk gestation Fetal demise ( stillbirth [msdmanuals.com]

A miscarriage is the spontaneous loss of a fetus before the 20th week of pregnancy (pregnancy losses after the 20th week are called stillbirths). [medlineplus.gov]

Patau Syndrome

Chromosomal abnormalities are one of the most common causes of miscarriage and stillbirth. [miscarriage.about.com]

A significant number of cases that are trisomic for chromosome 13 end in spontaneous abortion, fetal demise, or stillbirth. [6] The mortality rate is very high among neonates [emedicine.medscape.com]

It's also possible that Patau syndrome can be revealed as the cause of a pregnancy loss if the couple seeks genetic karyotyping after a miscarriage or stillbirth. [miscarriage.about.com]

Maternal Diabetes Syndrome

Prediabetes: history of large babies more than 4 kg or unexplained stillbirths after 28 weeks. Any age of onset or duration. [utmb.edu]

Newborns of mothers with PGDM were at increased risk of having low APGAR scores at birth, being preterm or born as stillbirth. [omicsonline.org]

Women who have had a previous unexplained stillbirth. Women who have had a previous baby with very high birth weight (4.5 kg or more). [patient.info]

Placental Disorder

stillbirth. [journals.plos.org]

Recurrent stillbirths: a matched case-control study of unexplained stillbirths at term. [journals.plos.org]

were eligible for analyses of preeclampsia and stillbirth. [ehjournal.biomedcentral.com]

Oligohydramnios

There is also an increased risk of miscarriage, premature birth and stillbirth. 2.1.3 Oligohydramnios is not routinely treated during pregnancy. [nice.org.uk]

Chi-square and Student T test were used to evaluate for predictors of adverse perinatal outcomes including BW < or = 10th percentile, stillbirth, neonatal intensive care unit [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] a risk factor for fetal thrombotic vasculopathy Examination of the placenta can offer answers to the questions that arise following an adverse perinatal outcome, such as stillbirth [news-medical.net]

Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension

Stillbirth - Stillbirth refers to the death of a baby after 24 weeks of pregnancy but before birth. [womens-health.health-cares.net]

These problems include placental abruption and fetal problems such as poor fetal growth and stillbirth. [pregnancycorner.com]

A pregnancy that ends before the twentieth week is called a miscarriage rather than a stillbirth. [womens-health.health-cares.net]

Placental Infarction

A further eight third trimester stillbirth cases with both IUGR and placental infarction were ascertained prospectively. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] was administered to 15 pregnant women whose prior pregnancies had been complicated by extensive placental infarctions, intrauterine growth retardation of the fetus, and/or stillbirths [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The placental pathology correlated with the presence of anticardiolipin antibodies in the maternal serum at the time of stillbirth. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Intrahepatic Cholestasis

Given the increased risk of stillbirth in the setting of ICP, delivery may be considered at 37 weeks' gestation. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

ICP is associated with higher rates of intrauterine fetal demise (IUFD) also known as stillbirth. [liverfoundation.org]

Fetal risks of ICP include increased risk of preterm birth, meconium-stained amniotic fluid, respiratory distress syndrome, or stillbirth. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]