Stillbirth: Causes & Reasons

Possible Causes for Stillbirth

Listeriosis is implicated in stillbirth, preterm labor, newborn sepsis, and meningitis, among other complications. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

LISTERIOSIS ( Listeria monocytogenes ) Clinical Criteria Any person with at least one of the following three: – Listeriosis of newborns defined as Stillbirth OR At least one [szu.cz]

In pregnant women, it can be serious for the unborn child, causing premature birth, stillbirth or infection in the newborn. [bccdc.ca]

Erythema Infectiosum

The infection can also be transmitted from mother to fetus during pregnancy, rarely resulting in stillbirth or severe anemia and excess fluid and swelling (edema) in the fetus [merckmanuals.com]

Group B Streptococcal Infection

There were a further 27 deaths from infection without a confirmed microbiological diagnosis, and 17 stillbirths from confirmed group B streptococcal infection. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Extremely rarely, GBS infection during pregnancy can also cause miscarriage, early (premature) labour, or stillbirth. What is GBS? [nhs.uk]

Although generally harmless to pregnant women it is recognised that GBS can occasionally late miscarriage, preterm birth, and stillbirth. [strepelle.com]

Anencephaly

Anencephaly is invariably associated with death as a stillbirth, a neonatal death, or occasionally a post-neonatal death. [sharecare.com]

More female newborns have anencephaly than males, possibly because of a higher rate of spontaneous abortions or stillbirths among male fetuses. What causes anencephaly? [my.clevelandclinic.org]

Meckel Syndrome

A case of a stillbirth female is reported. REFERENCES Wiedemann HR, Kunze J. Clinical Syndromes. 3th edition. Milan: Mosby-Wolfe. 1998: 92-3. Taeusch HW, Ballard RA. [medigraphic.com]

Of the 12 cases followed up antenatally, 7 were stillbirths while 5 were live births. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The prenatal findings in one stillbirth were typical for MKS: polydactyly, enlarged cystic kidneys, and occipital encephalocele. [onlinelibrary.wiley.com]

Achondrogenesis, Type 1A

[…] form of chondrodysplasia characterized by deficient ossification in the lumbar vertebrae and absent ossification in the sacral, pubic and ischial bones and clinically by stillbirth [malacards.org]

[…] type 1B and Acho","Stillbirth\n","Breech birth\n","Hydrops\n","Death - within hours of birth due to underdeveloped lungs\n\nSee also the symptoms of Achondrogenesis type [webhealthnetwork.com]

[…] chondrodystrophy characterized radiographically by deficient ossification in the lumbar vertebrae and absent ossification in the sacral, pubic and ischial bones and clinically by stillbirth [malacards.org]

Osteogenesis Imperfecta

A case of a stillbirth with lethal type II osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) was reported. The fetus had skull fractures and craniocerebral injuries during pregnancy. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

In type II OI, the most severe form of the disease, stillbirth is common, or fractures are evident at birth; severe crippling often occurs, and survival to adulthood is uncommon [britannica.com]

[…] puberty Associated with blue sclerae, triangular face, hearing loss (beginning in twenties or thirties), easy bruising Type II Most severe form of OI (perinatal lethal) Stillbirth [physio-pedia.com]

Infantile Restrictive Dermopathy

Rare minimally affected individuals may remain unrecognized Genetics • X-linked dominant deletion in Xp11.23P, X-linked PORCN • History of miscarriages of male fetuses and stillbirths [clinicalgate.com]

[…] poorly treated gestational diabetes are at increased risk of being too large, having low blood sugar after birth, and jaundice. [2] If untreated, it can also result in a stillbirth [en.wikipedia.org]

Women who use insulin, with a history of stillbirth, or with hypertension are managed like women with overt diabetes. [18] Lifestyle [ edit ] Counselling before pregnancy [en.wikipedia.org]

Spontaneous Abortion

Common Name Stillbirth Medical or Scientific Names Stillbirth Fetal death Fetal demise BACK TO TOP [nichd.nih.gov]

Common Name Stillbirth Medical or Scientific Names Stillbirth Fetal death Fetal demise Last Reviewed: 09/23/2014 [web.archive.org]

Although the risk of stillbirth was not significantly increased, this outcome should be investigated further. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Preeclampsia

It is also a leading cause of fetal complications, including: Low birth weight Premature birth Stillbirth. [pregnancy.emedtv.com]

smoking reduced the risk of all categories of preeclampsia except for preeclampsia with an SGA infant or stillbirth. [ahajournals.org]

[…] settings, reduced circulating maternal free placental growth factor (PlGF) aids in either predicting or confirming the diagnosis of preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, stillbirth [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Abruptio Placentae

Severe placental abruption is a major risk factor for stillbirth or preterm delivery. [verywell.com]

(antepartum and intrapartum stillbirths). [jamanetwork.com]

Stillbirth was defined as a fetus weighing≥500 gm showing no sign of life after birth. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Cholestasis

Cosmopolitan, "This Woman Coped With the Loss of Her Stillborn Son in the Most Beautiful Way," 15 Sep. 2017 Losing a baby in the second or third trimester, hemorrhaging, stillbirth [merriam-webster.com]

The risk of stillbirth has been demonstrated to increase beyond 36 weeks. [worldgastroenterology.org]

ICP is associated with higher rates of intrauterine fetal demise (IUFD) also known as stillbirth. [liverfoundation.org]

Diabetes in Pregnancy

Hyperglycaemia can cause placental failure and stillbirth and for this reason early delivery is recommended. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Infants of mothers with diabetes have increased rates of congenital anomalies, premature delivery, macrosomia, stillbirth and NICU admissions. [clinicaltrials.gov]

[…] a part in a significant number of potentially avoidable stillbirths at term. [cam.ac.uk]

Syphilis

Stillbirth was identified if women had any International Classification of Disease, Ninth Revision codes related to a stillbirth outcome. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Syphilis in pregnancy is a major cause of miscarriage, stillbirth, and perinatal morbidity and mortality in some parts of the world. [bestpractice.bmj.com]

Congenital syphilis is a major cause of stillbirth, childhood morbidity, and mortality worldwide[1]. Syphilis is classified as acquired or congenital. [patient.info]

Gestational Diabetes

Spontaneous pregnancies in women with TS are quite rare and pregnancy outcomes involving an increased risk of miscarriage and stillbirths are observed. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The CEMACH report showed the congenital malformation rate was four to 10-fold higher, the perinatal mortality rate was four to seven-fold higher, stillbirth was five times [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] independent risk factor for premature birth (odds ratio [OR] = 1.460, P < 0.001), neonatal care unit admission (OR = 1.284, P < 0.001), RDS (OR = 1.322, P = 0.001), and stillbirth [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Placentitis

There was one stillbirth in the placentitis group. [healio.com]

In their observations, stillbirths have been more common in unvaccinated patients. [news-medical.net]

After reviewing the relationship between stillbirth and vaccination of mothers, we have found that vaccination appears to protect against COVID-19 related stillbirth. [massgeneral.org]

Maternal Diabetes Syndrome

Prediabetes: history of large babies more than 4 kg or unexplained stillbirths after 28 weeks. Any age of onset or duration. [utmb.edu]

Newborns of mothers with PGDM were at increased risk of having low APGAR scores at birth, being preterm or born as stillbirth. [omicsonline.org]

Women who have had a previous unexplained stillbirth. Women who have had a previous baby with very high birth weight (4.5 kg or more). [patient.info]

Placental Disorder

stillbirth. [journals.plos.org]

Recurrent stillbirths: a matched case-control study of unexplained stillbirths at term. [journals.plos.org]

were eligible for analyses of preeclampsia and stillbirth. [ehjournal.biomedcentral.com]

Fetal Distress in Labor

RESULTS: No stillbirths occurred within 4 days of the last antepartum test. However, the corrected stillbirth rate of the entire tested population was 1.4 per 1000. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Stillbirth rates have been shown to be significantly lower after a reactive trace than after a non-reactive trace[7]. [patient.info]

Approximately 2% of stillbirths in Australia are attributed to lack of oxygen during birth. [bellybelly.com.au]

Placental Infarction

A further eight third trimester stillbirth cases with both IUGR and placental infarction were ascertained prospectively. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

He looked at us in a very weird manner, like “if I become your doctor” to which I said, I am 35 now, have a third trimester stillbirth on record and you are telling me I have [bornsleepingandheartsstillbeating.wordpress.com]

[…] was administered to 15 pregnant women whose prior pregnancies had been complicated by extensive placental infarctions, intrauterine growth retardation of the fetus, and/or stillbirths [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Multiple Pregnancy

The overall stillbirth and neonatal mortality rates in twins were 18.0/1,000 births and 23.0/1,000 live births respectively. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

For stillbirths, the rates were even lower than in singletons in gestational age categories of less than 32 weeks. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] of stillbirth. [bmjopen.bmj.com]

Polyhydramnios

RESULTS: Thirteen of 42 neonates had a poor outcome, including stillbirth or early neonatal death. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Polyhydramnios is associated with increased risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes such as: Macrosomia Cesarean delivery for non-reassuring fetal heart rate tracing Stillbirth [cancertherapyadvisor.com]

Stillbirth. Severe polyhydramnios may be treated with medicine, such as indomethacin. [cigna.com]

Intrahepatic Cholestasis

Given the increased risk of stillbirth in the setting of ICP, delivery may be considered at 37 weeks' gestation. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] cholestasis of pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of adverse perinatal outcomes, including spontaneous preterm delivery, meconium staining of the amniotic fluid, and stillbirth [journals.lww.com]

Fetal risks of ICP include increased risk of preterm birth, meconium-stained amniotic fluid, respiratory distress syndrome, or stillbirth. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Cholestasis of Pregnancy

ICP is associated with higher rates of intrauterine fetal demise (IUFD) also known as stillbirth. [liverfoundation.org]

It also appeared to have one further devastating corollary – stillbirth. [rcm.org.uk]

This is done because it is thought that it may help prevent the possibility of stillbirth. [britishlivertrust.org.uk]

Extreme Fetal Immaturity

stillbirth. [journals.plos.org]

Late Preterm and Early Term Births: Epidemiology and Trends; Stillbirth Reduction Efforts and Impact on Early Births; Management of Indicated Early Term and Late Preterm Births [books.google.com]

Stillbirth is more likely in pregnant women with diabetes. [stanfordchildrens.org]

Incomplete Spontaneous Abortion

Some use the cutoff of 20 weeks of gestation after which fetal death is known as a stillbirth. The most common symptoms of a miscarriage is vaginal bleeding. [icd.codes]

[…] and early delivery are classified as follows: Abortion: Death of the fetus or passage of products of conception (fetus and placenta) before 20 wk gestation Fetal demise ( stillbirth [msdmanuals.com]

A miscarriage is the spontaneous loss of a fetus before the 20th week of pregnancy (pregnancy losses after the 20th week are called stillbirths). [medlineplus.gov]

Toxoplasmosis

Congenital toxoplasmosis may result in stillbirth or abortion; infected infants may show various symptoms including jaundice, encephalitis, mental defects, and eye disease [britannica.com]

Toxoplasma gondii's importance for humans refers mainly to primary infection during pregnancy, resulting in abortion/stillbirth or congenital toxoplasmosis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Infection in pregnant women can lead to stillbirth and disorders in newborns. At present, prevention is only targeted at pregnant women. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Patau Syndrome

Chromosomal abnormalities are one of the most common causes of miscarriage and stillbirth. [miscarriage.about.com]

In many cases, the baby dies before reaching full term (miscarriage) or is dead at birth (stillbirth). [colnemedicalcentre.nhs.uk]

It's also possible that Patau syndrome can be revealed as the cause of a pregnancy loss if the couple seeks genetic karyotyping after a miscarriage or stillbirth. [miscarriage.about.com]

TORCH Syndrome

Effects of the infections include spontaneous abortions, intrauterine fetal death, fetal growth restriction, congenital fetal anomalies, premature deliveries, and stillbirths [symptoma.com]

[…] and perinatal mortality + Stillbirth + Perinatal mortality + Neonatal pathology nonrelated to prematurity, birth asphyxia or infection + Congenital anomalies in liveborn [atlases.muni.cz]

The specific infection may cause additional symptoms.[1] TORCH syndrome may develop before birth, causing stillbirth, in the neonatal period, or later in life.[4] Pathophysiology [en.wikipedia.org]

Barth Syndrome

Details are presented on six kindreds (32%) with genetically and biochemically proven BTHS that demonstrate a wider phenotype including male fetal loss, stillbirth and severe [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

There is increasing evidence that Barth syndrome is a significant cause of miscarriages and stillbirth. [rcm.org.uk]

Tsai-Goodman B, Quarrell OW, Kulik W, Wanders R, Pennock M, Williams M, Cresswell JL, Gonzalez IL, Brennan P Title Barth syndrome: an X-linked cause of fetal cardiomyopathy and stillbirth [genome.jp]