Summation Gallop: Causes & Reasons

Possible Causes for Summation Gallop

Noisy respiratory efforts often make cardiac auscultation difficult; a summation gallop—merger of 3rd (S3) and 4th (S4) heart sounds—may be present. [msdmanuals.com]

Noisy respiratory efforts often make cardiac auscultation difficult; a summation gallop—merger of 3rd (S 3 ) and 4th (S 4 ) heart sounds—may be present. [merckmanuals.com]

Cardiac auscultation may reveal an S3, S4, or summation gallop, or a new or changed cardiac murmur. [mdmag.com]

Cardiac Dyskinesia

The combined presence of S3 and S4 is a quadruple gallop. At rapid heart rates, S3 and S4 may merge to produce a summation gallop. [textbookofcardiology.org]

Congestive Heart Failure

Severe congestive heart failure (CHF) patients are prone to hyponatremia. Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is increasingly used for long-term management of refractory CHF patients. The glucose polymer icodextrin was proposed to be a good option for fluid removal in such patients. A small, although statistically significant[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Cardiomyopathy

Cardiomyopathy is a complicated disease of the heart muscle that compromises the muscle's "contractility" for efficiently delivering blood to the body. There are a number of possible causes, ranging from bacterial and viral infections to metabolic disorders, drugs and toxins, and connective tissue disorders,[…] [aopa.org]

Myocardial Infarction

Myocardial infarction Other names Acute myocardial infarction (AMI), heart attack A myocardial infarction occurs when an atherosclerotic plaque slowly builds up in the inner lining of a coronary artery and then suddenly ruptures, causing catastrophic thrombus formation, totally occluding the artery and preventing[…] [en.wikipedia.org]

Acute Myocardial Infarction

We herein report the case of a 25-year-old Japanese woman with left-main-trunk acute myocardial infarction (LMT-AMI). She had cardiogenic shock, so emergency percutaneous intervention was performed. Intravascular ultrasound of LMT-AMI showed that the three-layered structure of the intima, tunica media, and[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Dilated Cardiomyopathy

(rollover to compare with normal) What Is It? In this defect, the muscle wall of the left ventricle (the heart's main pumping chamber) is weaker than normal. As a result, the left ventricle may become enlarged (dilated) and the ability of the heart muscle to contract is impaired. There is also slight enlargement of[…] [pted.org]

Ischemic Cardiomyopathy

Master of Science in Nursing (MSN) Student Scholarship Date Written Summer 8-3-2017 Course Name Advanced Pathophysiology Professor’s Name Dr. John Chovan Keywords heart disease, heart failure, ischemic cardiomyopathy, low ejection fraction Subject Categories Medicine and Health Sciences | Nursing Abstract A[…] [digitalcommons.otterbein.edu]

Acute Myocarditis

AIM: Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) can visualize inflammatory tissue changes in acute myocarditis. Several quantitative image-derived parameters have been described to enhance the diagnostic value of CMR, but no direct comparison of these techniques is available. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 34 patients with[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Primary Cardiomyopathy

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Noncompaction of the left ventricle is a descriptive anatomical term and recently recognized primary cardiomyopathy. Cardiac imaging now allows for prompt detection. The specific etiology remains poorly understood, however, and the major genetic determinants are unknown. This review describes[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Toxic Myocarditis

We report the case of an 18-year-old woman with personality disorders who was hospitalized a few hours after suicidal ingestion of acetaminophen, quetiapine, acetylsalicylic acid, and ethanol. Twelve hours after admission, severe liver damage was evident, but the patient was stable and awaiting hepatic transplantation.[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Biventricular Hypertrophy

Int J Cardiol. 2008 Nov 28;130(3):e108-10. Epub 2007 Aug 31. Limongelli G, Pacileo G, Digilio MC, Calabro' P, Di Salvo G, Rea A, Miele T, Frigiola A, Sarkozy A, Dallapiccola B, Marino B, Calabro' R. Abstract We report a severe, biventricular obstructive cardiomyopathy in a young female with Costello syndrome, who underwent a[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Viral Myocarditis

AIMS: Viral myocarditis (VM) is an important cause of heart failure and sudden cardiac death in young healthy adults; it is also an aetiological precursor of dilated cardiomyopathy. We explored the role of the miR-221/-222 family that is up-regulated in VM. METHODS AND RESULTS: Here, we show that microRNA-221[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Heart Disease

BMC Pediatr. 2017 Mar 16;17(1):79. doi: 10.1186/s12887-017-0839-3. Author information 1 University Medical Center Groningen, Beatrix Children's Hospital, Division of Neonatology, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands. m.j.mebius01@umcg.nl. 2 University Medical Center Groningen, Center for[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Alcoholic Cardiomyopathy

2015 ICD-9-CM Diagnosis Code 425.5 Alcoholic cardiomyopathy 2015 Billable Thru Sept 30/2015 Non-Billable On/After Oct 1/2015 ICD-9-CM 425.5 is a billable medical code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis on a reimbursement claim, however, 425.5 should only be used for claims with a date of service on or before[…] [icd9data.com]

Rheumatic Heart Disease

BMC Res Notes. 2018 Apr 3;11(1):221. doi: 10.1186/s13104-018-3341-6. Author information 1 Buea Regional Hospital, Buea, South West Region, Cameroon. cnkoke@yahoo.com. 2 Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaounde 1, Yaounde, Cameroon. cnkoke@yahoo.com. 3 Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences,[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Secondary Cardiomyopathy

2012 ICD-9-CM Diagnosis Code 425.9 Secondary cardiomyopathy, unspecified Short description: Second cardiomyopath NOS. ICD-9-CM 425.9 is a billable medical code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis on a reimbursement claim, however, 425.9 should only be used for claims with a date of service on or before[…] [icd9data.com]

Chordae Tendinae Rupture

Shiraishi, I., Nishimura, K., Sakaguchi, H., Abe, T., Kitano, M., Kurosaki, K., ... Ichikawa, H. (2014). Acute rupture of chordae tendineae of the mitral valve in infants a nationwide survey in Japan exploring a new syndrome. Circulation, 130 (13), 1053-1061. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.008592 Acute rupture of chordae[…] [keio.pure.elsevier.com]

Chagas Disease

The Chagas disease is caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, which infect blood-feeding triatomine bugs to finally reach mammal hosts. Chagas disease is endemic in Latin America, and is ranked among the 13 neglected tropical diseases worldwide. Currently, an estimate of 7 million people is infected by T. cruzi,[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Mural Thrombosis

Physical examination revealed an elevated jugular venous pressure, tachycardia, summation gallop, and pulmonary rales. No leg edema was noted. [hcplive.com]

Chronic Pulmonary Edema

Noisy respiratory efforts often make cardiac auscultation difficult; a summation gallop—merger of 3rd (S 3 ) and 4th (S 4 ) heart sounds—may be present. [merckmanuals.com]

Azelastine Poisoning

His cardiac examination revealed a grade 3/6 systolic ejection murmur, which transmitted to the carotids, and a summation gallop. [journal.chestnet.org]

Atrioventricular Junctional Rhythm

gallop Supraventricular tachycardia Supraventricular tachycardia, nonsustained Symptomatic sinus bradycardia Vagal autonomic bradycardia Ventricular bigeminy Ventricular [icd9data.com]

[…] nodal reentrant tachycardia Sinus arrest with ventricular escape Sinus bradycardia Sinus bradycardia (slow heart beat) Sinus tachycardia Sinus tachycardia (fast heart beat) Summation [icd9data.com]

Diphtheritic Myocarditis

gallop. [omicsonline.org]

The third and occasionally fourth heart sound summation gallops may be noted with impaired ventricular function, particularly when biventricular acute myocardial involvement [intechopen.com]

[…] tachycardia which is disproportionate to the fever with signs of ventricular dysfunction such as jugular venous distention, basilar crackles, ascites, peripheral edema and S3 or a summation [omicsonline.org]

Acute Aortic Regurgitation

A short early diastolic murmur and a short mid-diastolic murmur (terminating with a soft premature mitral valve closure sound) produce a palpable summation gallop. [circ.ahajournals.org]

Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia

gallop Supraventricular tachycardia Supraventricular tachycardia, nonsustained Symptomatic sinus bradycardia Vagal autonomic bradycardia Ventricular bigeminy Ventricular [icd9data.com]

Atrial Bigeminy

gallop Supraventricular tachycardia Supraventricular tachycardia, nonsustained Symptomatic sinus bradycardia Vagal autonomic bradycardia Ventricular bigeminy Ventricular [icd9data.com]

Fungal Myocarditis

The third and occasionally fourth heart sound summation gallops may be noted with impaired ventricular function, particularly when biventricular acute myocardial involvement [intechopen.com]

gallops Murmurs of mitral or tricuspid valves regurgitation Pericardial friction rub and effusion (concomitant myopericarditis) Bibasilar crackles Hepatomegaly Ascites Peripheral [intechopen.com]

Signs of cardiovascular collapse and shock Diffuse apex beat and laterally displaced (cardiomegaly) Diminished intensity of first heart sound Third and fourth heart sound summation [intechopen.com]

Ventricular Aneurysm

She had pansystolic murmur of grade 4 by 6, summation gallop with P2 loud. [mjdrdypu.org]

Sarcoid Myocarditis

The third and occasionally fourth heart sound summation gallops may be noted with impaired ventricular function, particularly when biventricular acute myocardial involvement [intechopen.com]

gallops Murmurs of mitral or tricuspid valves regurgitation Pericardial friction rub and effusion (concomitant myopericarditis) Bibasilar crackles Hepatomegaly Ascites Peripheral [intechopen.com]

Signs of cardiovascular collapse and shock Diffuse apex beat and laterally displaced (cardiomegaly) Diminished intensity of first heart sound Third and fourth heart sound summation [intechopen.com]