Coma: Causes & Reasons

2.1

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Possible Causes for coma

Acute Alcohol Intoxication

Coma, vomiting and hypothermia are the commonest symptoms in young teenagers intoxicated by alcohol. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

RESULTS: Regardless of BAL, older age, male gender, severe Glasgow Coma Scale score ( CONCLUSIONS: Acute alcohol intoxication was not associated with type and number of DAI [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Patients admitted in the emergency department with coma related to acute alcohol (ALC) or pure benzodiazepine (BZD) intoxication were randomized and treated blindly with either [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Hypoglycemia

Convert to ICD-10-CM : 251.0 converts directly to: 2015/16 ICD-10-CM E15 Nondiabetic hypoglycemic coma Approximate Synonyms Coma, hypoglycemic Coma, hypoglycemic, nondiabetic [icd9data.com]

Convert to ICD-10-CM : 251.1 converts approximately to: 2015/16 ICD-10-CM E16.0 Drug-induced hypoglycemia without coma Or: 2015/16 ICD-10-CM E16.1 Other hypoglycemia Approximate [icd9data.com]

Severe hypoglycemia eventually lead to glucose deprivation of the central nervous system resulting in hunger; sweating; paresthesia; impaired mental function; seizures; coma [icd9data.com]

Alcohol Abuse

Confusion Memory problems Concentration problems Alcohol poisoning Breathing problems Car crashes and other accidents Risky behavior Violent behavior Suicide and homicide Coma [itmattersks.org]

These effects can include: Reduced inhibitions Slurred speech Motor impairment Confusion Memory problems Concentration problems Coma Breathing problems Death Other risks of [niaaa.nih.gov]

In some cases, a person can slip into a coma. For some individuals who binge drink, it is a more of a party-specific activity than an ongoing practice. [americanaddictioncenters.org]

Hypertension

In 1994, an independent advisory panel, COMA (the Committee on Medical Aspects of Food and Nutrition Policy), appointed by the Government reviewed all of the evidence and [dx.doi.org]

Occasionally, severe high blood pressure causes the brain to swell, resulting in nausea, vomiting, worsening headache, drowsiness, confusion, seizures, sleepiness, and even coma [merckmanuals.com]

[…] years, persuaded the UK Department of Health to change its stance on salt, finally resulting in the new Chief Medical Officer endorsing the original recommendations of the COMA [dx.doi.org]

Hyponatremia

[…] state (vegetative coma), deep coma without detectable awareness. [en.wikipedia.org]

The patient developed acute symptomatic seizures and coma. Gradual normalization of the sodium level led to a recovery of consciousness. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

We report two cases of symptomatic hyponatremia (focal neurological signs and coma) after bowel preparation with sodium picosulfate/magnesium citrate for colonoscopy. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Head Trauma

Keywords Head Injury Glasgow Coma Scale Injury Severity Score Glasgow Coma Scale Score Severe Head Injury These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. [doi.org]

In a Level II trauma center, all admissions of patients 18 years with a head Abbreviated Injury Scale Score 2, Glasgow Coma Scale 13 from May 2011 to May 2013 were queried [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

We report a case of a head injury patient with intact Glasgow Coma Scale requiring immediate re-intubation and tracheostomy after extubation failure as a result of stridor [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Traumatic Brain Injury

The purpose of this study was to assess whether Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) of 12 or less can predict the presence of TBI and the severity of associated injuries in blunt trauma [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] awake from a coma. [curlie.org]

She subsequently made an excellent neurologic recovery from an initial Glasgow Coma Scale score of 3 to a score of 15. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Acidosis

Eventually, in severe cases, heart problems may develop and blood pressure can fall, leading to shock, coma, and death. [merckmanuals.com]

When acidosis becomes extreme, the diabetic patient is apt at any time to succumb to the dreaded diabetic coma. [thesaurus.com]

In respiratory acidosis, the earliest symptoms are Drowsiness may progress to stupor and coma as the oxygen in the blood becomes inadequate. [merckmanuals.com]

Diabetes Mellitus

250.30 Diabetes with other coma, type II or unspecified type, not stated as uncontrolled convert 250.30 to ICD-10-CM 250.31 Diabetes with other coma, type I [juvenile type [icd9data.com]

[…] absolute lack of insulin ( eMedicine: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus [Accessed 8 December 2017] ) 10% of all cases Without insulin, patients develop diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), coma [pathologyoutlines.com]

or too low (hypoglycemic coma). [elderly.gov.hk]

Moderate and Severe Traumatic Brain Injury

age, years of education), injury characteristics (Glasgow Coma Scale score, MRI findings such as traumatic axonal injury (TAI), or duration of posttraumatic amnesia), symptoms [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

In the PROTECT III Trial, patients were included if the admission Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) was within 4-12, whereas the SYNAPSE Trial only included patients with GCS 4-8. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Neuroworsening was assessed clinically by using the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score and radiologically by using the Rotterdam CT score on repeated time points. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Pulmonary Emphysema

[…] immunisation (34) Intensive care Adult intensive care (19) Mechanical ventilation (1) Neonatal intensive care (6) Paediatric intensive care (8) Neurology Cerebral palsy (27) Coma [ep.bmj.com]

The following are used to get a SOFA score; PaO2/FiO2, platelet count, bilirubin levels, mean arterial pressure, Glasgow coma score, creatinine levels, and urine output. [atsu.edu]

Sepsis may have contributed to the development of severe encephalopathy in our patient and may explain, at least in part, the confusion and coma or unconsciousness that have [nejm.org]

Stroke

Sutter R, Kaplan PW (2012) Electroencephalographic patterns in coma: when things slow down. Epileptologie 29: 201–209. 27. [aimspress.com]

Ischemic stroke with coma Ischemic stroke without coma Ischemic stroke wo coma Lacunar infarction Lacunar stroke Left anterior cerebral artery occlusion w stroke Left anterior [icd9data.com]

[…] following: breathing and heart functions body temperature control balance and coordination weakness or paralysis in all four limbs chewing, swallowing, and speaking vision coma [web.archive.org]

Acute Renal Failure

This can cause both neurological and cardiac complications, such as seizures, coma, arrhythmia and hypotension, according to the American Academy of Family Physicians. [livestrong.com]

Additionally, you may have shortness of breath, nausea, fatigue, drowsiness, chest pain, chest pressure, seizures and even coma in severe cases. [worldpulse.com]

[…] feet Feeling tired Trouble catching your breath Feeling confused Nausea Pain or pressure in your chest If you have very severe AKI, you may have seizures or fall into a coma [kidneyfund.org]

Chronic Kidney Insufficiency

Cause of death, chronic renal failure Uraemia: • Convulsions; • Coma; • Cardiac myocyte dysfunction; • Congestive heart failure; • Pericarditis; • Pericardial effusion; • [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

It can cause vomiting, weakness, confusion, and coma. Kidney failure is treated with dialysis. A special machine filters your blood to remove the waste build-up. [familydoctor.org]

Unless dialysis or a kidney transplant is performed, ESRD can lead to seizures, coma, and sudden death. [verywell.com]

Congestive Heart Failure

[…] hyperkalemia amilorides[16] triamterenes[16] spironolactone[16] arrhythmia[16] muscle cramps[16] paralysis[16] hyponatremia thiazides[16] furosemides[16] CNS symptoms[16] coma [en.wikipedia.org]

16.2 80 Multiple sclerosis 21,708 2,529 11.6 82 Paralysis 7,394 987 13.3 83 Epilepsy, convulsions 252,200 31,965 12.7 84 Headache, including migraine 70,782 7,373 10.4 85 Coma [hcup-us.ahrq.gov]

[…] arrhythmia[16] CNS symptoms[16] metabolic acidosis acetazolamides[16] amilorides[16] triamterene[16] Kussmaul respirations[16] muscle weakness neurological symptoms[16] lethargy coma [en.wikipedia.org]

Opiate Overdose

These findings were similar to those seen with other drug overdoses if combined with strenuous muscular effort or hypoxic coma. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Abstract Heroin and other opiates are central nervous system depressants; in an opiate overdose, respiration slows, potentially resulting in hypoxia, coma, or death. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Analysis of the distribution of the hourly average amount of naloxone used to rescue patients from coma showed an opposite circadian variation, with a significant peak in [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Dehydration

Coma Decreased blood supply to the brain may cause confusion and even coma. [medicinenet.com]

If left untreated, dehydration can lead to serious complications including heat stroke, swelling in the brain, seizures, hypovolemic shock, kidney failure, coma, or death. [piedmont.org]

Finally, coma, organ failure, and death eventually will occur if the dehydration remains untreated. What about dehydration in children? [medicinenet.com]

Brain Stem Infarction

The Glasgow Coma Scale is a scoring system used to evaluate someone’s level of consciousness. [thequadspot.com]

[…] complication of x-ray examination of the cervical spine and following posterior tamponation of the nose. ( 1126348 ) Fogelholm R....Karli P. 1975 42 Insulin-resistant diabetic coma [malacards.org]

According to the most recent information on adverse effects of bupropion (2), headache, coma, migraine headache, tremor, dizziness, extrapyramidal symptoms, seizures and transient [relis.no]

Overdose

Levetiracetam is an anti-epileptic drug commonly used in intensive care when seizure is suspected as a possible cause of coma. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

These cardiac effects can lead to increased intracranial pressure, paralysis, coma, difficulty breathing, seizures and death. [livestrong.com]

A 28-year-old man with type 1 diabetes mellitus was admitted for shock and coma due to diabetic ketoacidosis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Cerebral Hemorrhage

Alpha-frequency coma (AC) is a rare finding in comatose patients and is generally associated with a poor prognosis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

One hour after admission, his Glasgow Coma Scale fell from 14 to 11. We performed an echo-guided stereotaxic removal of the hematoma. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] predictors of those patients who underwent surgery (226 of 3233 patients overall; 83 of 372 patients with large ICH) were younger age, severe neurological deficit (lower Glasgow coma [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Subdural Hematoma

Postoperative data obtained included Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS), and follow-up period. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Possible complications include: Brain herniation (severe pressure on the brain that causes coma or death) Permanent brain damage Persistent symptoms or seizures If symptoms [sharecare.com]

On postoperative day 4, the patient was noted to be unconscious with Glasgow Coma Scale score of 10 (E2V3M5). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Intracerebral Hematoma

PURPOSE: To investigate the performance of hematoma shape, hematoma size, Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score, and intracerebral hematoma (ICH) score in predicting the 30-day mortality [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Risk factors (heart disease, previous stroke, hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), hyperlipidemia, obesity, smoking, alcoholic consumption, and family history), Glasgow Coma [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Patients who are awake or only drowsy on admission (Coma Grades 1 and 2, Grady scale) often undergo dramatic sudden neurological deterioration 48 to 72 hours after admission [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

The administration of midodrine relieved the hypotension, and postprandial coma was no longer observed. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The objective of this study is to compare the predictive values of simplified acute physiology score (SAPS) 3, sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA), and Glasgow Coma [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

OBJECTIVE: This study sought to analyze the epidemiological and evolutionary profile of patients with spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) with a Glasgow Coma Scale score [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Hypoxia

The longer a person remains in a coma, the poorer the outcome. They may have a reduced risk of damage if the coma lasts less than 12 hours. [medicalnewstoday.com]

If the brain lacked oxygen for only a brief period, a coma may be reversible and the person may have a full or partial return of function. [medlineplus.gov]

Share on Pinterest Brain hypoxia is a medical emergency and severe symptoms can include seizure and coma. [medicalnewstoday.com]

Benzodiazepine Overdose

The Glasgow coma score and McCarron score (a modified Glasgow coma score which includes scores based on vital signs) 7 were also calculated. [doi.org]

Alpha and beta coma in drug intoxication. [doi.org]

(In the analysis of coma the odds ratios were adjusted for fewer variables as the others were not needed.) [doi.org]

Meningitis

Low Glasgow Coma Scale at admission was significantly associated with worse neurological outcome (P [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Sequelae were asociated with coma, alterations in CT scan, seizures and hypoglycorrhachia. [analesdepediatria.org]

Clinical manifestations include fever; nuchal rigidity; photophobia; seizures; hearing loss, sensorineural; coma; and cerebrovascular thrombosis. [icd9data.com]

Epidural Hematoma

The duration of postoperative coma correlated with the morbidity rate in survivors. [thejns.org]

Prognosis Mortality rates are essentially nil for patients not in coma preoperatively and approximately 10% for obtunded patients and 20% for patients in deep coma. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Mortality due to epidural hematoma is virtually restricted to patients who undergo surgery for that condition while in coma. [thejns.org]

Heroin Dependence

Runny nose Increased blood pressure Increased respiratory rate Tachycardia Anxiety Unsteady gait Suicidal ideation Trouble with the law Incarceration Respiratory arrest Coma [acadianaaddiction.com]

Signs of heroin overdose include: Shallow breathing Pinpoint pupils Convulsions Coma Heroin addiction treatment Individuals who are dependent on heroin face unique challenges [hazeldenbettyford.org]

Joint pain Runny nose Nausea and vomiting Extreme sweating Chills Runny nose Increased blood pressure Cardiovascular problems Respiratory distress Insomnia Seizures Stroke Coma [acadianaaddiction.com]

Epilepsy

coma), and can help localize and diagnose certain infections and focal processes within the central nervous system (CNS). ( Slide 17 ) The EEG waveforms are divided into [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation-associated neurobehavioral gains during coma recovery, Brain Stimul, 2(1):22–35. Epub 2008 Oct 23. [en.wikipedia.org]

[…] of cortical networks to specific cognitive functions by disrupting activity in the focal brain region.[1] Early, inconclusive, results have been obtained in recovery from coma [en.wikipedia.org]

Intrapontine Hemorrhage

Assessment of coma and impaired consciousness: a practical scale. ‎ [books.google.com]

[…] hemorrhage Nontraumatic intracerebral hemorrhage of multiple locations Nontraumatic intracerebral hemorrhage w brain compression Nontraumatic intracerebral hemorrhage w coma [icd9data.com]

[…] infarction Hemorrhagic stroke Intracerebral hemorrhage w brain compression Intracerebral hemorrhage with brain compression Intracerebral hemorrhage with brain compression and coma [icd9data.com]