Coma: Causes & Reasons

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Possible Causes for Coma

Acute Alcohol Intoxication

Coma, vomiting and hypothermia are the commonest symptoms in young teenagers intoxicated by alcohol. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Symptoms range from changes in behavior to severe hypothermia, vomiting, altered consciousness, coma, and respiratory insufficiency that may be fatal. [symptoma.com]

Coding Clinic, 3Q 1996 provides some direction regarding an unconscious patient in a coma due to alcohol as a Toxic effect of alcohol 980.0. [supercoder.com]

Hypoglycemia

Convert to ICD-10-CM : 251.0 converts directly to: 2015/16 ICD-10-CM E15 Nondiabetic hypoglycemic coma Approximate Synonyms Coma, hypoglycemic Coma, hypoglycemic, nondiabetic [icd9data.com]

Severe hypoglycemia eventually lead to glucose deprivation of the central nervous system resulting in hunger; sweating; paresthesia; impaired mental function; seizures; coma [icd9data.com]

Convert to ICD-10-CM : 251.1 converts approximately to: 2015/16 ICD-10-CM E16.0 Drug-induced hypoglycemia without coma Or: 2015/16 ICD-10-CM E16.1 Other hypoglycemia Approximate [icd9data.com]

Hyponatremia

[…] state (vegetative coma), deep coma without detectable awareness. [en.wikipedia.org]

The patient developed acute symptomatic seizures and coma. Gradual normalization of the sodium level led to a recovery of consciousness. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

We report two cases of symptomatic hyponatremia (focal neurological signs and coma) after bowel preparation with sodium picosulfate/magnesium citrate for colonoscopy. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Head Trauma

Keywords Head Injury Glasgow Coma Scale Injury Severity Score Glasgow Coma Scale Score Severe Head Injury These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. [doi.org]

There are different levels of coma and the Glasgow Coma Scale is one way of measuring its depth. What is the Glasgow Coma Scale? [medicinenet.com]

There are different levels of coma and the Glasgow Coma Scale is one way of measuring its depth. [medicinenet.com]

Traumatic Brain Injury

The purpose of this study was to assess whether Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) of 12 or less can predict the presence of TBI and the severity of associated injuries in blunt trauma [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The survivors usually suffer from disorders of consciousness, especially coma state and persistent vegetative state. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Biometry and Field Studies Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland Restricted access Rhoton Anatomy Links Abstract ✓ The Traumatic Coma [dx.doi.org]

Diffuse Brain Injury

Even folks who have a perfect 15/15 on the Glascow Coma Scale at the time of assessment can suffer long-term consequences of a traumatic brain injury. [maginnislaw.com]

[…] traumatic brain injury (Glasgow Coma Score, ≤ 8). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Conversely, the initial Glasgow Coma Scale score was not (area under the curve, 0.63). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Acidosis

Eventually, in severe cases, heart problems may develop and blood pressure can fall, leading to shock, coma, and death. [merckmanuals.com]

When acidosis becomes extreme, the diabetic patient is apt at any time to succumb to the dreaded diabetic coma. [thesaurus.com]

In respiratory acidosis, the earliest symptoms are Drowsiness may progress to stupor and coma as the oxygen in the blood becomes inadequate. [merckmanuals.com]

Brain Stem Infarction

Metabolic causes for coma were uncommon. [clinicclinic2.cafe24.com]

The Glasgow Coma Scale is a scoring system used to evaluate someone’s level of consciousness. [thequadspot.com]

If there is total occlusion of the vertebrobasilar system then patients can present with tachycardia, fluctuating blood pressure, ataxia, impaired consciousness, and coma [symptoma.com]

Cerebral Hemorrhage

Alpha-frequency coma (AC) is a rare finding in comatose patients and is generally associated with a poor prognosis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

One hour after admission, his Glasgow Coma Scale fell from 14 to 11. We performed an echo-guided stereotaxic removal of the hematoma. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] predictors of those patients who underwent surgery (226 of 3233 patients overall; 83 of 372 patients with large ICH) were younger age, severe neurological deficit (lower Glasgow coma [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Subdural Hematoma

Postoperative data obtained included Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS), and follow-up period. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] and brain compression Nontraumatic subdural hematoma with brain compression Nontraumatic subdural hematoma with brain compression and coma Nontraumatic subdural hemorrhage [icd9data.com]

Possible complications include: Brain herniation (severe pressure on the brain that causes coma or death) Permanent brain damage Persistent symptoms or seizures If symptoms [sharecare.com]

Intracerebral Hematoma

PURPOSE: To investigate the performance of hematoma shape, hematoma size, Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score, and intracerebral hematoma (ICH) score in predicting the 30-day mortality [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Risk factors (heart disease, previous stroke, hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), hyperlipidemia, obesity, smoking, alcoholic consumption, and family history), Glasgow Coma [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Patients who are awake or only drowsy on admission (Coma Grades 1 and 2, Grady scale) often undergo dramatic sudden neurological deterioration 48 to 72 hours after admission [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Benzodiazepine Overdose

The Glasgow coma score and McCarron score (a modified Glasgow coma score which includes scores based on vital signs) 7 were also calculated. [doi.org]

Degree of sedation: Glasgow coma score, McCarron Score, and whether patients were stuporose or comatose. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

(In the analysis of coma the odds ratios were adjusted for fewer variables as the others were not needed.) [doi.org]

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

The objective of this study is to compare the predictive values of simplified acute physiology score (SAPS) 3, sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA), and Glasgow Coma [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

OBJECTIVE: This study sought to analyze the epidemiological and evolutionary profile of patients with spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) with a Glasgow Coma Scale score [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Nontraumatic coma. Glasgow coma score and coma etiology as predictors of 2-week outcome. Arch Neurol 1990;47:1181–1184. PubMed Google Scholar 45. [dx.doi.org]

Opiate Overdose

These findings were similar to those seen with other drug overdoses if combined with strenuous muscular effort or hypoxic coma. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Abstract Heroin and other opiates are central nervous system depressants; in an opiate overdose, respiration slows, potentially resulting in hypoxia, coma, or death. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Opiate overdose is unpredictable and dangerous, and can lead to any number of long-term problems like coma, cardiac arrest or even death. [allaboutcounseling.com]

Epidural Hematoma

The duration of postoperative coma correlated with the morbidity rate in survivors. [thejns.org]

The level of consciousness and coma in an acutely head injured patient is often described by clinicians with the Glasgow Coma Scale. [nervous-system-diseases.com]

In individuals who do not fall into a coma, a favorable outcome occurs in 90 percent to 100 percent of patients, while mortality ranges from 0 to 5 percent. [neurosurgery.ucla.edu]

Intrapontine Hemorrhage

[…] hemorrhage Nontraumatic intracerebral hemorrhage of multiple locations Nontraumatic intracerebral hemorrhage w brain compression Nontraumatic intracerebral hemorrhage w coma [icd9data.com]

Death was significantly more common in patients with a history of hypertension, coma on admission, absent motor response, absent corneal reflex or oculocephalic responses. [mayoclinic.pure.elsevier.com]

Assessment of coma and impaired consciousness: a practical scale. ‎ [books.google.de]

Drug Overdose

Levetiracetam is an anti-epileptic drug commonly used in intensive care when seizure is suspected as a possible cause of coma. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

These cardiac effects can lead to increased intracranial pressure, paralysis, coma, difficulty breathing, seizures and death. [livestrong.com]

A 28-year-old man with type 1 diabetes mellitus was admitted for shock and coma due to diabetic ketoacidosis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Hepatic Encephalopathy

Hyperammonemia can also result in postoperative coma; however, it is rarely recognized as a potential cause in coma patients. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Observation on the symptomatology and pathogenesis of hepatic coma. Quart. J. Med. 20 :421, 1951. PubMed Google Scholar 55. Walshe, J. M. Glutamic acid in hepatic coma. [link.springer.com]

[…] w coma Coma due to acute and subacute hepatic failure Coma due to acute hepatic failure Hepatic coma Hepatic coma due to alcoholic liver failure Hepatic coma due to chronic [icd9data.com]

Encephalitis

Symptoms include high fever, headache, sensitivity to light, stiff neck and back, vomiting, confusion and, in severe cases, seizures, paralysis and coma. [who.int]

KEYWORDS: coma and raised intracranial pressure; epilepsy and seizures; hydrocephalus; neuroimaging [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Acute Liver Failure

Codes › K00-K95 Diseases of the digestive system › K70-K77 Diseases of liver › K72- Hepatic failure, not elsewhere classified › Acute and subacute hepatic failure without coma [icd10data.com]

LT after 48 h of onset of coma (n=4). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Several patients with lactic acidosis and glucose levels below 1.7 mmol/l who were not in a coma have been reported. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Hypertensive Encephalopathy

(hepatic coma), psychiatric changes of varying degree, flapping tremor, and fetor hepaticus. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

This case report describes a 59-year-old male who presented with headaches, seizures and hypertension followed by coma. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

We report unusual magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in a diabetic patient with neglected hypertension and hyperglycemia, presenting with seizures and coma. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Brain Death

After 24 hours, Lottritz woke up from her coma. She said that she had to be given a respiratory test twice before the hospital staff would remove the ventilator. [lifenews.com]

For patients under 3 years of age and unclear causes for a coma, modified criteria are used to determine brain death. [flexikon.doccheck.com]

Some comatose patients can recover to pre-coma or near pre-coma level of functioning, and some patients with severe irreversible neurological dysfunction will nonetheless [en.wikipedia.org]

Brain Stem Hemorrhage

A 55-year-old man and a 65-year-old man were admitted with coma-producing brain stem hemorrhage accompanied by hyperthermia. Both underwent ventricular drainage. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Clinical manifestations may range from isolated deficits to coma. • Hypertension is the most common risk factor. • MRI may provide further detail and aid prognosis. • [medlink.com]

Clinical manifestations may include OCULAR MOTILITY DISORDERS; ATAXIA; PARALYSIS; PERSISTENT VEGETATIVE STATE; and COMA. [ http://www.ebi.ac.uk/ontology/webulous#OPPL_pattern [ebi.ac.uk]

Bacterial Encephalitis

The symptoms rapidly worsen, and there may be seizures (fits), confusion, drowsiness, and loss of consciousness, and even coma. [medicalnewstoday.com]

Encephalitis can lead to seizures and coma in later stages. [healthline.com]

Symptoms can range from listlessness, lethargy to coma. [braininjury-explanation.com]

Daphne Poisoning

Produces nausea and vomiting, depression, difficult breathing, prostration and coma. Rhododendrons Rhododendron All parts Fatal. [provenwinners.com]

It can also cause a racing, irregular heart rate, poor circulation, tremors, seizures, coma, and death. [oddee.com]

This toxic sap has been known to cause skin rashes, nausea, swelling of the tongue, and coma. [bcinvasives.ca]

Postinfectious Encephalomyelitis

[…] symptoms of ADEM appear rapidly, beginning with encephalitis-like symptoms such as fever, fatigue, headache, nausea and vomiting, and in the most severe cases, seizures and coma [malacards.org]

The symptoms rapidly worsen, and there may be seizures (fits), confusion, drowsiness, and loss of consciousness, and even coma. [medicalnewstoday.com]

The illness may progress to COMA and eventually be fatal. [mesh.kib.ki.se]

Hypercalcemia

On examination the patient was unconscious (Glasgow coma score: 8). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Severe hypercalcemia can result in coma or cardiac arrest. [themmrf.org]

You might go into a coma if it’s not treated. Which cancers might cause high calcium? [cancerresearchuk.org]

Wernicke Encephalopathy

Coma may mask its classical clinical picture or even be the sole manifestation. Although coma points to a poor outlook it may be reversed by thiamine administration. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Coma and death in unrecognized wernicke's encephalopathy an autopsy study Coma e morte na encefalopatia de Wernioke: estudo necroscópico Marco Aurélio Lana-peixoto I ; Eustáquio [doi.org]

The most common presenting symptoms of WE are mental status changes. [5] Stupor and coma are rare manifestations of WE. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Metabolic Encephalopathy

[…] expires October 29, 2021 Overview In this article, the authors discuss the commonly encountered clinical scenarios associated with metabolic encephalopathy and metabolic coma [medlink.com]

Abstract Derangements in systemic metabolism are probably the most frequent cause of coma of unknown etiology. Within this group, coma due to liver failure is common. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Metabolic Encephalopathy (Coma, Hepatic; Hepatic Coma; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Portal-Systemic Encephalopathy) Pronounced: MET-a-bol-ik En-SEF-a-lo-PATH-ee by ]]> Nathalie [empowher.com]

Diabetic Ketotic Coma

The three types of coma associated with diabetes are diabetic ketoacidosis coma, hyperosmolar coma and hypoglycaemic coma. [betterhealth.vic.gov.au]

Abstract Hyperosmolar non-ketotic coma in diabetes is a life-threatening condition. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Nonketotic diabetic coma has emerged as a distinct syndrome mediated by the hyperosmolarity of the blood. [jamanetwork.com]