Xanthelasma: Causes & Reasons

Possible Causes for Xanthelasma

Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia

Xanthomas (waxy deposits of cholesterol in the skin or tendons). Xanthelasmas (cholesterol deposits in the eyelids). [genome.gov]

Xanthomas on elbow. B, C. Achilles tendon xanthomas on the heel. D. Xanthelasma palpebrum. Figure 1. A. Xanthomas on elbow. B, C. Achilles tendon xanthomas on the heel. [tandfonline.com]

Physical examination may find xanthomas and xanthelasmas (skin lesions caused by cholesterol rich lipoprotein deposits), and cholesterol deposits in the eye called corneal [genome.gov]

Familial Hypercholesterolemia Type 1

Xanthelasma palpebrum Most common type of xanthoma Lesions arise symmetrically on upper and lower eyelids Lesions are soft, velvety, yellow, flat papules or plaques Lesions [dermnetnz.org]

Her mother and maternal grandmother both had a history of hypercholesterolemia and had developed extensive xanthelasma palpebrarum from early adult life. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

He had tendinous xanthomas, xanthelasmas and elevated levels of total and LDL cholesterol, at 11.2 and 9.69 mmol/L, respectively, with normal levels of HDL cholesterol and [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia

She was then incidentally found to have severe xanthelasma and hypercholesterolemia (serum TC 15.3 mmol/L and LDL-C 13.9 mmol/L). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Xanthomas on elbow. B, C. Achilles tendon xanthomas on the heel. D. Xanthelasma palpebrum. Figure 1. A. Xanthomas on elbow. B, C. Achilles tendon xanthomas on the heel. [tandfonline.com]

Blood tests- Cholesterol measurement Physical tests- Xanthoma and xanthelasma detection Studies of heart activity- Stress test Genetic tests- Alteration or mutation of the [ihhub.org]

Hypercholesterolemia

Distinct, histology-proven xanthelasma palpebrarum and orbital xanthogranuloma rarely occur together in the literature. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Blood tests- Cholesterol measurement Physical tests- Xanthoma and xanthelasma detection Studies of heart activity- Stress test Genetic tests- Alteration or mutation of the [ihhub.org]

Affected individuals may show clinical manifestations (xanthomas, xanthelasmas and premature arcus corneus) although these manifestations are seen less frequently with early [centerwatch.com]

Hyperlipoproteinemia Type 4

[…] macules or plaques found commonly on the upper eyelids (xanthelasma palpebrum/xanthelasma), palms (xanthoma striatum palmare), intertriginous regions, and diffuse planar [ijdvl.com]

Figure- showing Xanthelasma palpebrum Tuberous xanthomas are firm, painless, red-yellow nodules. [namrata.co]

Xanthelasma is a common type of xanthoma that is seen in the creases of the eyelids. [amjmed.com]

Familial Hypercholesterolemia Type 2

[…] left lower eyelid Xanthelasma of left upper eyelid Xanthelasma of right eyelid Xanthelasma of right lower eyelid Xanthelasma of right upper eyelid Xanthoma of eyelid Xanthoma [icd9data.com]

[…] aortic stenosis due to valvular and supravalvular cholesterol deposits - childhood presents with corneal arcus, tendinous xanthomas, and xanthelasma treatment: STATINS + [quizlet.com]

Clinical signs that may appear during adulthood are xanthomas of the eyelids (i.e. xanthelasma), transient xanthomas on palms (i.e. planar palmar xanthomas) or tuberous xanthomas [orpha.net]

Hyperlipoproteinemia Type 5

Figure- showing Xanthelasma palpebrum Tuberous xanthomas are firm, painless, red-yellow nodules. [namrata.co]

[…] macules or plaques found commonly on the upper eyelids (xanthelasma palpebrum/xanthelasma), palms (xanthoma striatum palmare), intertriginous regions, and diffuse planar [ijdvl.com]

Physical examination should includes careful inspection of the skin, tendons, and eyes looking for xanthoma, xanthelasma, corneal arcus, and lipemia retinalis, which directly [dermatologyadvisor.com]

Hyperlipoproteinemia Type 1

Figure- showing Xanthelasma palpebrum Tuberous xanthomas are firm, painless, red-yellow nodules. [namrata.co]

xanthelasma ↑↑ risk for coronary heart disease Type III hyperlipoproteinemia (familial dysbetalipoproteinemia) pathophysiology deficiency in apolipoprotein E remember: III [step1.medbullets.com]

Planar xanthomas include xanthelasma palpebrarum/xanthelasma, xanthoma striatum palmare, and intertriginous xanthomas. [ijpd.in]

Primary Biliary Cirrhosis

Clinical features include 12: pruritus (often the first symptom) jaundice skin hyperpigmentation, especially of arms and trunk xanthomata and xanthelasma due to hypercholesterolemia [radiopaedia.org]

Clinical features include 12 : pruritus (often the first symptom) jaundice skin hyperpigmentation, especially of arms and trunk xanthomata and xanthelasma due to hypercholesterolemia [radiopaedia.org]

[…] and xanthelasma Common associations include: sicca syndrome, autoimmune thyroid disease, CREST syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis References:[3][1] Diagnostics Laboratory tests [amboss.com]

Secondary Biliary Cirrhosis

Clinical features include 12 : pruritus (often the first symptom) jaundice skin hyperpigmentation, especially of arms and trunk xanthomata and xanthelasma due to hypercholesterolemia [radiopaedia.org]

Xanthelasma can be seen over eyes, joints, tendons. There is portal hypertension-ascites, variceal haemorrhage. [medicscientist.com]

As the disease advances, the following signs may be noted: Hepatomegaly (25%) Hyperpigmentation (25%) Splenomegaly (15%) Jaundice (10%) Xanthomas and Xanthelasmas (10%): In [emedicine.medscape.com]

Diabetes Mellitus

The common skin manifestations of diabetes mellitus are erythrasma, xanthomatosis, xanthelasma, phycomycetes and cutaneous infections like furuncolosis, candidiasis, carbuncle [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

feet, legs, and buttocks associated with high levels of cholesterol and triglycerides Xanthelasma — multiple yellowish scaly patches on and around the eyelids Skin tags [dermnetnz.org]

[…] fatigue weight loss (often masked by being overweight) Other manifestations include: diabetic dermopathy: e.g. granuloma annulare, necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum, eruptive xanthoma [radiopaedia.org]

Metabolic Syndrome

[…] or xanthelasmas: In patients with severe dyslipidemia See Clinical Presentation for more details. [emedicine.medscape.com]

[…] or xanthelasmas: In patients with severe dyslipidemia See Presentation for more details. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Other common clinical manifestations include polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), acanthosis nigricans as a result of severe insulin resistance, and eruptive xanthomas due [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Xanthoma

Syn. xanthoma; xanthelasma palpebrarum; xanthoma palpebrarum. See corneal arcus ; Hollenhorst's plaque. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

We present a case of normolipemic papular xanthoma with xanthelasma, a very rare occurrence. [escholarship.org]

Synonym(s): xanthelasma. xanthelasma (zan″thĕ-laz′mă) [ xantho- + Gr. elasma, (metal) plate] XANTHELASMA A xanthoma on the eyelids, esp. near the inner canthus. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

Xanthomatosis

Clinically, xanthomas can be classified as eruptive, tubo-eruptive or tuberous, tendinous, or planar. 4 Planar xanthomas include xanthelasma palpebrarum/xanthelasma, xanthoma [plasticsurgerykey.com]

See also [ edit ] Xanthelasma List of xanthoma variants associated with hyperlipoproteinemia subtypes References [ edit ] ^ a b Kumar et al. [en.wikipedia.org]

Use * for blank tiles (max 2) Advanced Search Advanced Search Use * for blank spaces Advanced Search Advanced Word Finder Examples The options presented are xanthelasma, cerebrotendinous [wordhippo.com]

Cerebrotendinous Xanthomatosis

[…] is an autosomal dominant disorder that may also present with tendon xanthomas and a family history of premature atherosclerosis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Deposition in other tissues causes tendon xanthomas, premature atherosclerosis, and cataracts. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

She also had painful xanthomas of the achilles tendons. A bilateral cataract operation had been performed during adolescence. [thieme-connect.com]

Diabetes Mellitus Type 2

Hypertriglyceridemia

yellowish deposits of fat on or around the eyelids Corneal arcus - a thin, whitish or grey arc around the outer part of the cornea Xanthomas - yellowish deposits of fat [news-medical.net]

Corneal arcus, xanthelasmas See Clinical Presentation for more detail. [emedicine.com]

[…] with symptoms until the level reaches 1000 to 2000 mg/dL, at which point the signs and symptoms may include: Gastrointestinal pain Difficulty breathing Memory loss Dementia Xanthelasmas [news-medical.net]

Diabetes Mellitus Type 1

[…] shifts and nerve cell dysfunction; this along with poor vascular perfusion to nervous system tissue causes diabetic neuropathy Other Systemic Issues: Impaired wound healing Xanthomas [physio-pedia.com]

Glycogen Storage Disease Type 1

[…] lactic acidosis, lipemia retinalis, nephrolithiasis, kidney stones, osteoporosis, pancreatic inflammation, proteinuria (high urine protein levels), protuberant abdomen, xanthelasma [xpertdox.com]

Xanthoma and diarrhea may be present. [rarediseases.info.nih.gov]

[…] concentration Abnormal glucose tolerance Corneal arcus Premature coronary artery atherosclerosis Accelerated atherosclerosis Tendon xanthomatosis Renal steatosis Eruptive xanthomas [mendelian.co]

Chylomicronemia Syndrome

Corneal arcus, xanthelasmas See Clinical Presentation for more detail. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Eruptive xanthomas were observed on his elbows, knees and hip. [jstage.jst.go.jp]

The xanthomas are the aggregates of chylomicrons that have become large enough to see on the exterior of the skin. [chylomicronemiasyndrome.wordpress.com]

Alagille Syndrome

Alagille syndrome causes intractable pruritus and disfiguring xanthomas because of retained bile acids and cholesterol. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

It can rarely develop into cirrhosis, but be responsible for a disabling pruritus and xanthomas. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

In the remaining 29 children, xanthomas disappeared at a median age of seven years (range 3–18 years). [gut.bmj.com]

Glycogen Storage Disease Type 1C

Short stature & growth delay Abdomen protrusion Build up of glycogen and fat in the liver Enlarged liver and malignant/benign growths in the liver Yellow plaques on skin (xanthomas [en.wikibooks.org]

Xanthoma and diarrhea may be present. Impaired platelet function can lead to a bleeding tendency with frequent epistaxis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] and central giant cell granuloma ( 19590614 ) Reduced creatinine clearance Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis Renal stones Renal enlargement osteoporosis gouty arthritis xanthoma [humpath.com]

Niemann-Pick Disease

xanthelasma, fractures, atherosclerosis, dementia, spinal cord paresis, cerebellar ataxia, developmental disability, pseudobulbar paralysis, leukodystrophy, peripheral neuropathy [msdmanuals.com]

Xanthoma tuberosum References Millat et al., (2005) Mol Genet Metab 86:220-232 Park et al., (2003) Hum Mut 22:313 Verot et al., (2007) Clin Genet 71:320-30 Sevin et al., [genedx.com]

[…] lipidosis; 213700*) Sterol 27-hydroxylase Onset: Adolescence Urine metabolites: Elevated 7-alpha-hydroxylated bile alcohol Clinical features: Juvenile cataracts, tendon and skin xanthomas [msdmanuals.com]

Langerhans-Cell Histiocytosis

It can also involve the skin and clinically appears with pruritic rash, xanthelasma and eyelid xanthomas, in a background of normal lipid profile [ 28 ]. [intechopen.com]

When the disease is disseminated, it can be referred to as xanthoma disseminatum. [hopkinsmedicine.org]

[…] graft versus host disease, viral infection and infiltrative diseases such as leukemia or lymphoma, reticuloendothelial storage disease, congenital infections and papular xanthomas [ijpmonline.org]

Glycogen Storage Disease

 Excess of acetyl CoA resulting in increased cholesterol levels, produce xanthomas.  There is a blockade in gluconeogenesis. 5.  Hyperuricemia:  Glucose 6-phosphate [slideshare.net]

At age 18 years of age, she had marked hypertriglyceridemia (3860 mg/dL) and eruptive xanthomas and was treated with fenofibrate, atorvastatin, and fish oil. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Affected individuals may also have diarrhea and deposits of cholesterol in the skin (xanthomas). People with GSDI may experience delayed puberty. [ghr.nlm.nih.gov]

Congenital Generalized Lipodystrophy

We report a 3-month-old Taiwanese boy with initial presentation of a lack of subcutaneous fat, prominent musculature, generalized eruptive xanthomas, and extreme hypertriglyceridemia [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Patients can also present with dermatological manifestations such as eruptive xanthomas, hirsutism and thick, curled scalp hair. [symptoma.com]

Familial Partial Lipodystrophy

Variable symptoms may comprise pancreatitis and/or eruptive xanthomas due to severe hypertriglyceridemia, acanthosis nigricans, polycystic ovaria, and carpal tunnel syndrome [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Xanthoma and nail changes may occur. Type 3 is due to mutations in the PPARG gene. It is rare with approximately 30 cases reported to date. [en.wikipedia.org]

Eruptive xanthoma (0.6%), diabetic foot (0.2%), diabetic bulla (0.4%), diabetic dermopathy (0.2%), generalized granuloma annulare (0.2%), and insulin reactions (6.2%) and [e-ijd.org]

Dyslipidemia

A, Xanthelasma. B, Lipemia retinalis. C, Achilles tendon xanthomas. Notice the marked thickening of the tendons. D, Tendon xanthomas. E, Tuberous xanthomas. [utmb.edu]

[…] in type IIa Xanthelasma in type IIb Premature atherosclerosis Palmar and tuberoeruptive xanthomas Premature atherosclerosis Tuberoeruptive xanthomas Acute pancreatitis Features [amboss.com]

One of the issues associated the hyperlipidaemia is that it is a silent disease and although there are certain characteristics such as xanthelasma palpebrarum, which are yellowish [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

Lipodystrophy

Patients may also present with dermatologic manifestations like eruptive xanthomas, hirsutism, and thick, curled scalp hair. [symptoma.com]

Patients with this syndrome have plasma triglyceride levels ranging from 10 to 100 times the normal value (1500 to 15,000 mg per deciliter [17 to 170 mmol per liter]), eruptive xanthomas [doi.org]

Eruptive xanthomas are not frequent. In the literature, there are several reports of umbilical hernia in patients with BSCL [ 12, 22 ]. [dmsjournal.biomedcentral.com]

Familial Hypercholesterolemia

Blood tests- Cholesterol measurement Physical tests- Xanthoma and xanthelasma detection Studies of heart activity- Stress test Genetic tests- Alteration or mutation of the [ihhub.org]

Her mother and maternal grandmother both had a history of hypercholesterolemia and had developed extensive xanthelasma palpebrarum from early adult life. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Clinical features found among these 27 patients were: xanthelasma in 5 (18.5%), corneal arcus in 1 (3.7%), coronary artery disease (CAD) in 10 (37%), and a family history [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]