HLA-B*5701, HLA-DR7, and HLA-DQ3 were present in combination in 13 (72%) hypersensitive patients and none of the tolerant patients (822 [43-15 675], p(c)<0.0001). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

” skin antigens now presented by HLA-B*57:01 molecules. [immunopaedia.org.za]

However, a recent report did find that for a minority of ABC-reactive T cells, ABC could directly stimulate the cells without the need for antigen-presenting cells, presumably by binding to presented epitopes or presenting HLA alleles 11. [nature.com]

• Cushingoid

  Abstract Fat redistribution Redistribution of body fat, including central obesity ; fat enlargement on the back of the neck and upper back (sometimes called a "buffalo hump"); wasting of the arms, legs, and face; breast enlargement; and a “cushingoid [ourmed.org]

  […] redistribution [ ✎ edit | edit source ] Redistribution of body fat, including central obesity ; fat enlargement on the back of the neck and upper back (sometimes called a "buffalo hump"); wasting of the arms, legs, and face; breast enlargement; and a “cushingoid [wikilectures.eu]

  […] reported : Mild elevations of blood glucose, hypoglycemia, loss of appetite Postmarketing reports : Redistribution/accumulation of body fat (including central obesity, dorsocervical fat enlargement, peripheral wasting, facial wasting, breast enlargement, "cushingoid [drugs.com]

  […] contraindications associated with all 3 drugs. 229 Adipogenic Effects Possible redistribution or accumulation of body fat, including central obesity, dorsocervical fat enlargement (“buffalo hump”), peripheral wasting, breast enlargement, and general cushingoid [web.archive.org]

• Intravenous Administration

  Coadministration with food has no significant effect on abacavir exposure; therefore, abacavir may be administered with or without food.The apparent volume of distribution of abacavir after intravenous administration is approximately 0.86 +/- 0.15 L/kg [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  After intravenous administration, total clearance was 0.80 ± 0.24 L per hour per kg (mean ± SD). Metabolism: In humans, abacavir is not significantly metabolized by cytochrome P450 enzymes. [dailymed.nlm.nih.gov]

  The apparent volume of distribution of abacavir after intravenous administration is approximately 0.86 ± 0.15 L/kg, suggesting that abacavir is distributed to extravascular spaces. [doi.org]

• Osteopenia

  METHODS: We recently published a hip BMD improvement at week 48 [+2.1% (95% CI: -0.6, 4.7) (P = 0.043)] in HIV-infected patients with osteopenia/osteoporosis randomized to switch from tenofovir to abacavir (n = 26), although without reaching statistical [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Skin Disease

  Life-threatening skin diseases, Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic-epidermal necrolysis, can occur in severe reactions. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Formication

  Liquid chromatography was performed on a C18 reverse phase column (1.5 × 50 mm, 5 μm) isocratically at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min using 5mM formic acid-3% (v/v) acetonitrile as the mobile phase for ABC and TFV and 5mM formic acid-35% (v/v) acetonitrile [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Proteinuria : Although proteinuria is not specific for proximal tubular dysfunction it should also be included in the workup. [hivwebstudy.org]

This study evaluated virologic outcomes in treatment-experienced patients taking ABC/3TC + DRV/r compared to treatment-experienced patients taking ABC/3TC with any other PI. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Infection 1 4 Completed Treatment Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) 1 4 Completed Treatment Infection, Human Immunodeficiency Virus I 1 4 Recruiting Treatment Antiretroviral Therapy Intolerance / Patients Compliance 1 4 Recruiting Treatment [drugbank.ca]

The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare urinary excretion data from the abacavir treatment (treatment 1) with urinary excretion data from the abacavir-ethanol treatment (treatment 3). [doi.org]

View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI 12 Zhang C, Chen X, Li L, Zhou Y, Wang C and Hou S: The association between telomere length and cancer prognosis: Evidence from a meta-analysis. PLoS One. 10:e01331742015. [spandidos-publications.com]

Antiviral Drugs Following the identification of a human retrovirus (HIV) as the etiologic agent of the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), an intense effort was made to identify drugs for the treatment of this debilitating, lethal disease. [web.archive.org]

View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI 13 Pal J, Gold JS, Munshi NC and Shammas MA: Biology of telomeres: Importance in etiology of esophageal cancer and as therapeutic target. Transl Res. 162:364–370. 2013. [spandidos-publications.com]

Potential etiologic and functional implications of genome-wide association loci for human diseases and traits. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009 ;106: 9362 - 9367 50. Jallow M, Teo YY, Small KS, et al. [doi.org]

[…] presence of both HLA-B*5701 and the Hsp70-Hom M493T variant in one abacavir-tolerant individual, who also demonstrated an absent immunological response to ex vivo abacavir stimulation, suggests that there may be other necessary determinants involved in the etiology [pnas.org]

Author information 1 *Basel Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; †Analysis Group Inc, Montreal, QC, Canada; ‡Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Epidemiological risk factors for hypersensitivity reactions to abacavir. HIV Med. 2003;4(4):321-324. doi:10.1046/j.1468-1293.2003.00166.x. 7. Martin M, Hoffman J, Freimuth R et al. [premiergx.com]

This topic will address the epidemiology, immunogenetics, clinical manifestations, clinical management, and screening recommendations for the abacavir hypersensitivity reaction (AHR). [uptodate.com]

This review focuses on the current knowledge of the epidemiology, pathophysiology and clinical features of drug hypersensitivity reactions of drugs used in the management of the HIV-infected patient. [doi.org]

This review focuses on the current knowledge of the epidemiology, pathophysiology and clinical features of drug hypersensitivity reactions of drugs used in the management of the HIV-infected patient. [doi.org]

See Abacavir Hypersensitivity Testing and Initial Patient Management Algorithm in Special Instructions Clinical Information Discusses physiology, pathophysiology, and general clinical aspects, as they relate to a laboratory test The human leukocyte antigen [mayomedicallaboratories.com]

Pathophysiologic mechanism of this effect, if real, has not been identified. Other studies have not shown this risk, but they may have been under powered to show a risk of an infrequent toxicity. [hopkinsguides.com]

Cellular and molecular pathophysiology of cutaneous drug reactions. Am J Clin Dermatol, 3 (2002), pp. 229-238 [18] P.T. Illing, J.P. Vivian, N.L. Dudek, L. Kostenko, Z. Chen, M. Bharadwaj, et al. [elsevier.es]

These findings have significant implications both in terms of the clinical management of abacavir-exposed HIV-infected patients and the elucidation of basic pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this and other idiosyncratic drug hypersensitivity reactions [pnas.org]

This study was designed to establish the effectiveness of prospective HLA-B*5701 screening to prevent the hypersensitivity reaction to abacavir. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

This agent decreases HIV viral loads, retards or prevents the damage to the immune system, and reduces the risk of developing AIDS. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. ( NCI Thesaurus ) US brand name: Ziagen Code name: 1592U89 [cancer.gov]

WEPEB113LB]. 4th IAS Conference on HIV Pathogenesis, Treatment and Prevention; 2007 Jul 22–25; Sydney Google Scholar 43. Columbo S, Rauch A, Rotger M, et al. [doi.org]

Ziagen prevents HIV from altering the genetic material of healthy T-cells. [hivandhepatitis.com]