It is a form of temporal lobe epilepsy presenting with abdominal aura. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Epilepsy presenting with abdominal aura is known as abdominal epilepsy. [doi.org]

• Fatigue

  Those symptoms include: abdominal pain, usually sharp or cramping and lasting seconds to minutes nausea and/or vomiting fatigue, lethargy, or sleep following seizures altered level of consciousness, such as confusion or unresponsiveness convulsive seizures [webmd.com]

  Dizziness is not a disease but a symptom of but it may lead to fatigue, dizziness, It can cause an upset stomach, nausea, cold sweats, dizziness, and headache. Is sudden and very severe. [bionexgen-fp7.eu]

  Symptoms that are linked to problems in CNS (central nervous system) such as altered consciousness or fatigue. The wave patterns in EEG are not normal. [seizures.dolyan.com]

  A similar diversity of CNS manifestations has been reported, which includes confusion, fatigue, headache, dizziness and syncope. In our series, we found that the most common presenting symptoms were paroxysmal abdominal pain and vomiting. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Severe Pain

  However, she occasionally experienced severe pain in the epigastric region, associated with vomiting and a peculiar sensation which permeated throughout the same area. This was invariably followed by loss of consciousness for 2 to 5 minutes. [doi.org]

• Sighing

  […] highly recommend that anyone who has experienced abdominal insults or surgery observe their breathing patterns and relearn effortless breathing/diaphragmatically breathing instead of shallow, rapid chest breathing often punctuated with breath holding and sighs [peperperspective.com]

• Abdominal Pain

  Abdominal epilepsy is one of the rare but easily treatable cause of abdominal pain. In conclusion, abdominal epilepsy should be suspected in children with recurrent abdominal pain. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  […] is characterised by paroxystic episodes of abdominal pain, diverse abdominal complaints, definite EEG abnormalities and favourable response to the introduction of epilepsy drugs. 1 We describe four patients, with recurrent abdominal pain, without obvious [doi.org]

  They might simply soothe abdominal pain that way, or through a placebo effect. [webmd.com]

• Vomiting

  Case 3: A 46-year-old man with DM type I was admitted with a four-month history of recurring severe epigastric pain and vomiting. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  During the postoperative follow-up, the patient again developed symptoms of abdominal pain and vomiting. A CT scan of the brain was performed, which was normal. [doi.org]

• Nausea

  Abdominal symptoms included paroxysmal pain, nausea, bloating, and diarrhea. Nervous system manifestations included dizziness, headache, confusion, syncope and transient blindness. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  After taking anticonvulsants, the patient shows no or less symptoms such as abdominal pain or nausea. Symptoms that are linked to problems in CNS (central nervous system) such as altered consciousness or fatigue. [seizures.dolyan.com]

• Recurrent Abdominal Pain

  Seven months later the patient developed recurrent abdominal pain, a gait disorder, and atrophy of the right thigh and calf. Magnetic resonance imaging of the spine revealed a thoracic syringomyelia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Abdominal epilepsy, an uncommon cause of recurrent abdominal pain: a brief report Sangit Ranjan Dutta, Indrajit Hazarika, Bhabani Prasad Chakravarty Department of Medicine, Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, Bhangagarh, Guwahati, Assam, India Correspondence [doi.org]

• Chronic Abdominal Pain

  Chronic abdominal pain in childhood: diagnosis and management. Am Fam Physician. 1999;59:1823–30. Send letters to [email protected], or 11400 Tomahawk Creek Pkwy., Leawood, KS 66211-2680. [aafp.org]

  Context: Recurrent chronic abdominal pain is a common problem encountered by pediatricians. Variety of investigations are done to come to a diagnosis but a cause is rarely found. [pediatricneurosciences.com]

  Perhaps 10% of patients have an occult physiologic illness (see Table: Physiologic Causes of Chronic Abdominal Pain ); the remainder have a functional process. [merckmanuals.com]

• Fidgeting

  The automatisms of the mesiobasal temporal lobe seizures are typically less violent and are usually oro-alimentary (lip-smacking, chewing, swallowing) or gestural (fumbling, fidgeting, repetitive motor actions, undressing, sexually directed actions, walking [doi.org]

• Urinary Stress Incontinence

  Similarly, some women who have given birth develop urinary stress incontinence when older. This occurred because they unknowingly avoided tightening their pelvic floor muscles after delivery because it hurt to tighten the stretched or torn tissue. [peperperspective.com]

• Headache

  The paroxysms occurred 3–4 times in a year and were not associated with headache or convulsions. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Headache Relief and Migraine Treatment in NYC. [bionexgen-fp7.eu]

  FREN Six children with paroxysmal headaches resulting from seizure disorders are reported. [books.google.com]

• Lethargy

  The important historical clues were pallor and cold sweating during the paroxysm, followed by lethargy and prolonged sleep. An abnormal electroencephalogram and a remarkable response to anticovulsants confirmed the diagnosis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Those symptoms include: abdominal pain, usually sharp or cramping and lasting seconds to minutes nausea and/or vomiting fatigue, lethargy, or sleep following seizures altered level of consciousness, such as confusion or unresponsiveness convulsive seizures [webmd.com]

After exclusion of more common etiologies for the presenting complaints, workup should proceed with an electroencephalogram. Where the diagnosis is seriously considered, neurological consultation should be considered. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The chapters present detailed, methodical guidelines f or the workup of the patient with chronic pelvic pain and for the diag nosis and treatment of the many disorders that cause pelvic discomfort. [books.google.com]

After exclusion of more common etiologies for the presenting complaints, workup should proceed with an electroencephalogram. When associated with anatomical abnormality abdominal epilepsy is difficult to control with medication alone. [abdominalepilepsy.blogspot.com]

We studied 150 children with chronic recurrent abdominal pain and after exclusion of more common etiologies for the presenting complaints; workup proceeded with an EEG. [pediatricneurosciences.com]

Routine workup for all patients should include EEG and MRI of the brain; most of the time, the results will be normal. [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Electroencephalogram Abnormal

  It is characterized by paroxysmal episodes of abdominal pain, a variety of other abdominal complaints, electroencephalogram abnormalities, and response to anti-epileptic agents. We described the clinical profile of six patients with AE. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Focal Spikes

  Figure 2 EEG record showing focal spike and wave discharges with phase reversal from right temporal. He has remained asymptomatic during the past 18 months of follow‐up, receiving regular drugs. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Epileptiform Activity

  activity, maximum on photic stimulation Valproic acid Seizure free Siegel AM et al. 8 1 F Crampy periumbilical pain Occasional generalized seizures Few seconds Right parietal focus NR NR Mitchell WG et al. 9 6 M Vomiting Bad smell, fatigue 20-40 seconds [ijponline.biomedcentral.com]

• Normal Interictal EEG

  Physical and neurological examinations were normal. Interictal EEG during wakefulness and sleep displayed bilateral spikes and diphasic sharp-waves localized over the temporal leads with a marked increase in frequency during drowsiness. [ijponline.biomedcentral.com]

• 3 Hz Spikes

  “Brief” Irregular 3 Hz spike-waves activity Phenobarbital Seizure free Case 1 Douglas EF et al. 10 5 F Crampy, paroxysmal abdominal pain Lethargy, post-ictal sleep Few minutes Episode 6–7 activity in L temporal area, burst of generalized irregularly intermixed [ijponline.biomedcentral.com]

A provisional diagnosis of migraine was made and she started treatment with tab Ergotamine, but the symptoms persisted. The treatment regimen was altered and she was treated with tab Flunarizine, but no improvement was noted. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Other epilepsy treatments may be considered as for other forms of epilepsy in cases which are difficult to control. Each patient is different and should discuss their treatment options with their own treating physicians. [nervous-system-diseases.com]

In the known cases of abdominal epilepsy, treatment with epilepsy drugs has usually significantly reduced abdominal symptoms. That's not proof that the abdominal symptoms were caused by seizures, though. Epilepsy drugs act on nerves in general. [webmd.com]

The chapters present detailed, methodical guidelines f or the workup of the patient with chronic pelvic pain and for the diag nosis and treatment of the many disorders that cause pelvic discomfort. [books.google.com]

To date, little research has been conducted into the prognosis of children with LGS. It is clear, however, that prognosis varies from child to child. Generally, this syndrome is permanent. [epilepsycentre.org.au]

The prognosis of childhood abdominal migraine. [dovepress.com]

Prognosis The prognosis for epilepsy depends on various factors. In general, people whose epilepsy is well-controlled by medications have an excellent prognosis and many experience short- and even long-term remission from seizures. [stlukes-stl.com]

The events appear very frightening for carers but have a good prognosis. When reflex anoxic seizures are very frequent, atropine or cardiac pacing may be considered. [epilepsydiagnosis.org]

A developmental brain disorder should be considered as a possible etiology. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

After exclusion of more common etiologies for the presenting complaints, workup should proceed with an electroencephalogram. When associated with anatomical abnormality abdominal epilepsy is difficult to control with medication alone. [abdominalepilepsy.blogspot.com]

We studied 150 children with chronic recurrent abdominal pain and after exclusion of more common etiologies for the presenting complaints; workup proceeded with an EEG. [pediatricneurosciences.com]

Thus major advances in headache epidemiology may be expected to occur when migraine is defined by a laboratory finding'. ‎ [books.google.com]

After analysis of the determining elements in this case, the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnostic work-up, therapy, and differential diagnosis of digestive epilepsy are discussed. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

This includes an introduction to the concept of pain, epidemiology, and natural history of the disease process and coping strategies including stress reduction. [dovepress.com]

While a causal relationship between seizure activity and the GI symptoms has not been proven, the GI symptoms cannot be explained by other pathophysiological mechanisms, and are seen to improve upon anticonvulsant treatment. [en.wikipedia.org]

Many experts say that this is main aspect they had to understand between temporal lobe seizure activity and pathophysiology. [seizures.dolyan.com]

That is the difference between pathophysiology and temporal lobe seizure activity. The pathophysiology of abdominal epilepsy remains unclear. Temporal lobe seizure activity usually arises in or involves the amygdala. [abdominalepilepsy.blogspot.com]

After analysis of the determining elements in this case, the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnostic work-up, therapy, and differential diagnosis of digestive epilepsy are discussed. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Pathophysiology Despite significant progress in defining abdominal migraine in the literature over the past century, there has been little development of our understanding of its pathophysiology. [dovepress.com]

As stated above, because the symptoms are related to seizure activity in the brain, prevention of the seizures with antiepilepsy medications may help to control the abdominal symptoms. [nervous-system-diseases.com]

Gibbs 1999 USPHS/IDSA Guidelines for the Prevention of Opportunistic Infections in Persons Infected with HIV: Part I. Prevention of Exposure Newer Intranasal Migraine Medications Craig D. Logemann; Lynn M. [aafp.org]

As stated above, because the symptoms are related to seizure activity in the brain, prevention of the seizures with antiepilepsy medications may help to control the abdominal symptoms. Dilantin (phenytoin) is often used. [webdicine.com]

Collaborative Meta-Analysis of Randomised Trials of Antiplatelet Therapy for Prevention of Death, Myocardial Infarction, and Stroke in High Risk Patients. ‎ [books.google.es]

In some patients the best treatment is preventative drugs - like topiramate, which stabilises the brain's electrical activity. [dailymail.co.uk]