It is a form of temporal lobe epilepsy presenting with abdominal aura. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Epilepsy presenting with abdominal aura is known as abdominal epilepsy. [doi.org]

• Fatigue

  Dizziness is not a disease but a symptom of but it may lead to fatigue, dizziness, It can cause an upset stomach, nausea, cold sweats, dizziness, and headache. Is sudden and very severe. [bionexgen-fp7.eu]

  Those symptoms include: abdominal pain, usually sharp or cramping and lasting seconds to minutes nausea and/or vomiting fatigue, lethargy, or sleep following seizures altered level of consciousness, such as confusion or unresponsiveness convulsive seizures [webmd.com]

  Symptoms that are linked to problems in CNS (central nervous system) such as altered consciousness or fatigue. The wave patterns in EEG are not normal. [seizures.dolyan.com]

  Work on finding a balance between work and “play” to reduce mental strain and fatigue. [draxe.com]

• Severe Pain

  She had first suffered from an attack of severe abdominal pain 2 years previously, while standing in the bus terminus. Shortly afterwards, she vomited and fell down unconscious and remained so for 2 to 5 minutes. [doi.org]

• Sighing

  […] highly recommend that anyone who has experienced abdominal insults or surgery observe their breathing patterns and relearn effortless breathing/diaphragmatically breathing instead of shallow, rapid chest breathing often punctuated with breath holding and sighs [peperperspective.com]

• Abdominal Pain

  Abdominal epilepsy is one of the rare but easily treatable cause of abdominal pain. In conclusion, abdominal epilepsy should be suspected in children with recurrent abdominal pain. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  […] is characterised by paroxystic episodes of abdominal pain, diverse abdominal complaints, definite EEG abnormalities and favourable response to the introduction of epilepsy drugs. 1 We describe four patients, with recurrent abdominal pain, without obvious [doi.org]

• Vomiting

  Case 3: A 46-year-old man with DM type I was admitted with a four-month history of recurring severe epigastric pain and vomiting. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  In this study, we present a case report of a middle aged female patient, who is a tailor by occupation, and who was suffering from repeated episodes of abdominal pain, vomiting and fainting attacks. [doi.org]

• Nausea

  Abdominal symptoms included paroxysmal pain, nausea, bloating, and diarrhea. Nervous system manifestations included dizziness, headache, confusion, syncope and transient blindness. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  After taking anticonvulsants, the patient shows no or less symptoms such as abdominal pain or nausea. Symptoms that are linked to problems in CNS (central nervous system) such as altered consciousness or fatigue. [seizures.dolyan.com]

• Recurrent Abdominal Pain

  A 10-year-old child presented with recurrent abdominal pain. Abdominal epilepsy was suspected as conventional criteria for the diagnosis were met, including an apparent therapeutic response to anticonvulsant medication. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  […] is characterised by paroxystic episodes of abdominal pain, diverse abdominal complaints, definite EEG abnormalities and favourable response to the introduction of epilepsy drugs. 1 We describe four patients, with recurrent abdominal pain, without obvious [doi.org]

• Chronic Abdominal Pain

  […] associated with abdominal pain. [aafp.org]

  Chronic abdominal pain (CAP) persists for more than 3 mo either continuously or intermittently. Intermittent pain may be referred to as recurrent abdominal pain (RAP). Acute abdominal pain is discussed elsewhere. [merckmanuals.com]

  Keywords: Abdominal epilepsy, chronic recurrent abdominal pain, electroencephalogram How to cite this article: Kshirsagar V Y, Nagarsenkar S, Ahmed M, Colaco S, Wingkar K C. Abdominal epilepsy in chronic recurrent abdominal pain. [pediatricneurosciences.com]

  Chronic abdominal pain. Pediatr Rev. 2007;28:323–331. 13. Brams WA. Abdominal migraine. JAMA. January 7, 1922. 14. Symon DN, Russell G. Abdominal migraine: a childhood syndrome defined. Cephalalgia. 1986;6:223–228. 15. [dovepress.com]

• Urinary Stress Incontinence

  EMG-biofeedback assisted pelvic floor muscle training is an effective therapy of stress urinary or mixed incontinence: a 7-year experience with 390 patients. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 273 (2), 93-97. [peperperspective.com]

• Headache

  Headache Relief and Migraine Treatment in NYC. [bionexgen-fp7.eu]

  The paroxysms occurred 3–4 times in a year and were not associated with headache or convulsions. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  FREN Six children with paroxysmal headaches resulting from seizure disorders are reported. [books.google.com]

• Lethargy

  The important historical clues were pallor and cold sweating during the paroxysm, followed by lethargy and prolonged sleep. An abnormal electroencephalogram and a remarkable response to anticovulsants confirmed the diagnosis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Those symptoms include: abdominal pain, usually sharp or cramping and lasting seconds to minutes nausea and/or vomiting fatigue, lethargy, or sleep following seizures altered level of consciousness, such as confusion or unresponsiveness convulsive seizures [webmd.com]

After exclusion of more common etiologies for the presenting complaints, workup should proceed with an electroencephalogram. Where the diagnosis is seriously considered, neurological consultation should be considered. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The chapters present detailed, methodical guidelines f or the workup of the patient with chronic pelvic pain and for the diag nosis and treatment of the many disorders that cause pelvic discomfort. [books.google.com]

After exclusion of more common etiologies for the presenting complaints, workup should proceed with an electroencephalogram. When associated with anatomical abnormality abdominal epilepsy is difficult to control with medication alone. [abdominalepilepsy.blogspot.com]

Routine workup for all patients should include EEG and MRI of the brain; most of the time, the results will be normal. [emedicine.medscape.com]

We studied 150 children with chronic recurrent abdominal pain and after exclusion of more common etiologies for the presenting complaints; workup proceeded with an EEG. [pediatricneurosciences.com]

• Electroencephalogram Abnormal

  The diagnosis of AE was dependent on recurrent abdominal symptoms, subtle central nervous system abnormalities, electroencephalogram abnormalities and response to anticonvulsant agents. RESULTS: The six patients were diagnosed with AE. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  The diagnosis of AE was dependent on recurrent abdominal symptoms, subtle central nervous system abnormalities, electroencephalogram abnormalities and response to anticonvulsant agents. Results The six patients were diagnosed with AE. [link.springer.com]

• Focal Spikes

  Figure 2 EEG record showing focal spike and wave discharges with phase reversal from right temporal. He has remained asymptomatic during the past 18 months of follow‐up, receiving regular drugs. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Normal Interictal EEG

  Physical and neurological examinations were normal. Interictal EEG during wakefulness and sleep displayed bilateral spikes and diphasic sharp-waves localized over the temporal leads with a marked increase in frequency during drowsiness. [ijponline.biomedcentral.com]

• Spike-and-Slow-Waves

  Few reports described ictal EEGs: during the seizure the EEG often shows a runs of high voltage slow waves and generalized spike and wave discharges [ 2 – 4, 8 ]. [ijponline.biomedcentral.com]

A provisional diagnosis of migraine was made and she started treatment with tab Ergotamine, but the symptoms persisted. The treatment regimen was altered and she was treated with tab Flunarizine, but no improvement was noted. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Other epilepsy treatments may be considered as for other forms of epilepsy in cases which are difficult to control. Each patient is different and should discuss their treatment options with their own treating physicians. [nervous-system-diseases.com]

The chapters present detailed, methodical guidelines f or the workup of the patient with chronic pelvic pain and for the diag nosis and treatment of the many disorders that cause pelvic discomfort. [books.google.com]

To date, little research has been conducted into the prognosis of children with LGS. It is clear, however, that prognosis varies from child to child. Generally, this syndrome is permanent. [epilepsycentre.org.au]

The prognosis of childhood abdominal migraine. [dovepress.com]

Prognosis The prognosis for epilepsy depends on various factors. In general, people whose epilepsy is well-controlled by medications have an excellent prognosis and many experience short- and even long-term remission from seizures. [stlukes-stl.com]

The events appear very frightening for carers but have a good prognosis. When reflex anoxic seizures are very frequent, atropine or cardiac pacing may be considered. [epilepsydiagnosis.org]

A developmental brain disorder should be considered as a possible etiology. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

After exclusion of more common etiologies for the presenting complaints, workup should proceed with an electroencephalogram. When associated with anatomical abnormality abdominal epilepsy is difficult to control with medication alone. [abdominalepilepsy.blogspot.com]

Other etiologies include dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors and other benign tumors, arteriovenous malformations, gliomas, neuronal migration defects or gliotic damage as a result of encephalitis. [doi.org]

Thus major advances in headache epidemiology may be expected to occur when migraine is defined by a laboratory finding'. ‎ [books.google.com]

After analysis of the determining elements in this case, the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnostic work-up, therapy, and differential diagnosis of digestive epilepsy are discussed. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

This includes an introduction to the concept of pain, epidemiology, and natural history of the disease process and coping strategies including stress reduction. [dovepress.com]

Many experts say that this is main aspect they had to understand between temporal lobe seizure activity and pathophysiology. [seizures.dolyan.com]

While a causal relationship between seizure activity and the GI symptoms has not been proven, the GI symptoms cannot be explained by other pathophysiological mechanisms, and are seen to improve upon anticonvulsant treatment. [en.wikipedia.org]

That is the difference between pathophysiology and temporal lobe seizure activity. The pathophysiology of abdominal epilepsy remains unclear. Temporal lobe seizure activity usually arises in or involves the amygdala. [abdominalepilepsy.blogspot.com]

After analysis of the determining elements in this case, the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnostic work-up, therapy, and differential diagnosis of digestive epilepsy are discussed. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Pathophysiology Despite significant progress in defining abdominal migraine in the literature over the past century, there has been little development of our understanding of its pathophysiology. [dovepress.com]

Gibbs 1999 USPHS/IDSA Guidelines for the Prevention of Opportunistic Infections in Persons Infected with HIV: Part I. Prevention of Exposure Newer Intranasal Migraine Medications Craig D. Logemann; Lynn M. [aafp.org]

Collaborative Meta-Analysis of Randomised Trials of Antiplatelet Therapy for Prevention of Death, Myocardial Infarction, and Stroke in High Risk Patients. ‎ [books.google.es]

In some patients the best treatment is preventative drugs - like topiramate, which stabilises the brain's electrical activity. [dailymail.co.uk]

As stated above, because the symptoms are related to seizure activity in the brain, prevention of the seizures with antiepilepsy medications may help to control the abdominal symptoms. [nervous-system-diseases.com]

Surgery can prevent seizures from spreading and worsening by isolating the area of the brain they impact. [draxe.com]