Advances made in the past decade are presented in this article. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The presentation of these infections is often insidious and atypical, and their mortality and morbidity substantial. [pfizer.com.pk]

• Refractory Shock

  Critical illness relative corticosteroid insufficiency (CIRCI) should be considered in any patient with refractory shock after adequate restoration of circulatory volume has been achieved. [cancertherapyadvisor.com]

• Gallbladder Enlargement

  Enlarge Print Table 1. [aafp.org]

• Hemorrhagic Bullae

  She developed periumbilical hemorrhagic bullae and finally had a fatal outcome with medical therapy. Severe intra-abdominal infection such as pneumatosis intestinalis should be suspected when periumbilical bullae increase in size. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] complete blood count, urine pregnancy test followed with quantitative blood beta-hCG Imaging: transvaginal ultrasound If patient is unstable: IV fluid resuscitation, urgent obstetrics and gynecology consultation If patient is stable: continue diagnostic workup [en.wikipedia.org]

Others are more often subacute in nature (viral hepatitis) and workup can proceed along at a less critical pace. [antimicrobe.org]

The role of microbiologic workup of infected fluid has been debated in the last years. Since the causative pathogens can easily be predicted in community acquired infections, bacteriological diagnosis is not necessary. [wjes.biomedcentral.com]

Effectiveness of treatment was measured by differences in the length and cost of hospital stays, the number and cost of surgical procedures after treatment, cure rates, and the cost of antibiotics. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The postoperative intra-abdominal infection group exhibited a worse prognosis than the non-intra-abdominal infection group (P < 0.001). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Prognosis Abscess The prognosis has improved considerably with the advent of drainage under CT scanning. Deaths are generally due to the underlying disease process or unsuspected foci of infection. [patient.info]

"Prognosis in intra-abdominal infection: Multivariate analysis of 604 patients". [clinicaladvisor.com]

The etiology of these infections varies by age, with necrotizing enterocolitis being the most common cause in neonates, and appendicitis the most common cause in children. [content.iospress.com]

The investigated risk factors included age, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score, number of operations prior to staged abdominal repair, number of repeat laparotomies, anatomic origin of infection, and etiology of intra-abdominal [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Etiology Intra-abdominal abscesses are classified as intraperitoneal, retroperitoneal, or visceral (see table Intra-Abdominal Abscesses ). Many intra-abdominal abscesses develop after perforation of a hollow viscus or colonic cancer. [merckmanuals.com]

Organism resistance is of concern; thus, it is imperative that pharmacists have the necessary education on etiology and treatment of intra-abdominal infection. [uspharmacist.com]

Important to recognize and track epidemiologically, to prevent more people from being infected. E. coli, Salmonella, Campylobacter and Staphylococcus are among the most common pathogens causing food-borne outbreaks. [biomerieux-diagnostics.com]

Epidemiologic reports, antifungal treatment trials and diagnostic studies of invasive candidiasis have focused largely on candidemia [ 4 ]. [journals.plos.org]

(Part of this research was presented as poster 251 at IDWeek, the annual meeting of the Infectious Diseases Society of America [IDSA], the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America [SHEA], the HIV Medicine Association [HIVMA], and the Pediatric Infectious [aac.asm.org]

Epidemiology The incidence depends on the cause. In a hospital setting the prevalence of SBP is around 10%. [ 3 ] Three studies of patients with perforated appendicitis found an incidence of postoperative abscess formation of 20%. [patient.info]

"Pathophysiology and management of abdominal compartment syndrome". Am J Crit Care. vol. 12. 2003. pp. 367-71. (Very practical review of pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of elevated abdominal pressure.) Montravers, P, Gauzit, R, Muller, C. [clinicaladvisor.com]

“Pathophysiology and management of abdominal compartment syndrome”. Am J Crit Care. vol. 12. 2003. pp. 367-71. (Very practical review of pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of elevated abdominal pressure.) Montravers, P, Gauzit, R, Muller, C. [cancertherapyadvisor.com]

Peritonitis: pathophysiology and local defense mechanisms. Hepatogastroenterology. 1997; 44 (16):927–936. [ PubMed ] Hall JC, Heel KA, Papadimitriou JM, Platell C. The pathobiology of peritonitis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

We will review clinical definitions, pathophysiology, and treatment strategies for IAI in an effort to provide guidelines for clinical management. Definitions Intra-abdominal infection (IAI) describes a diverse set of diseases. [wjes.biomedcentral.com]

Infected necrosis refers to bacterial contamination of necrotic pancreatic tissue in the absence of abscess formation. 11 Pathophysiology PA forms through various mechanisms, including fibrous wall formation around fluid collections, penetrating peptic [anaerobicinfections.blogspot.com]

Role of antiseptics in the prevention of surgical site infections. Dermatol Surg. 2015;41(6):667–676. 124. Bratzler DW, Houck PM; Surgical Infection Prevention Guideline Writers Workgroup. [dovepress.com]

[…] resuscitation and antibiotic support, and decisive implementation of optimal source control measures, specifically the drainage of abscesses and collections of infected fluid, the debridement of necrotic infected tissue, and the use of definitive measures to prevent [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

If an infection is detected, prompt medical attention is required to prevent complications which can vary from permanent organ damage to death. [wisegeek.org]