Above 70% of this depletion, the reactive N-acetylimidoquinone metabolite will begin to react with nucleophilic thiol (-SH) groups that are present on hepatic and renal proteins. [pharmaxchange.info]

First Aid EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. [cameochemicals.noaa.gov]

If oil particles (e.g. lubricants, cutting fluids, glycerine, etc.) are present, use a NIOSH type R or P filter. For emergencies or instances where the exposure levels are not known, use a full-face positive-pressure, air-supplied respirator. [nilechemicals.com]

Case presentation A 17-year old Sri Lankan male (body weight – 42 kg), presented to a local hospital 1 hour after self-ingestion of nearly 500 ml (4.3 g/kg) of liquid Propanil (concentration – 360 g/l). [bmcresnotes.biomedcentral.com]

See Clues on the Skin: Acute Poisonings, a Critical Images slideshow, to help diagnose patients based on their dermatologic presentations. [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Collapse

  Several grams may produce poisoning with circulatory collapse, cold extremities, paleness and feeble rapid pulse. Cyanosis is the prominent effect. Skin Contact: Causes irritation to skin. Symptoms include redness, itching, and pain. [nilechemicals.com]

  She suffered effects such as strong headache, generalized cyanosis, and a burning sensation of the lips and collapsed some minutes later. After admission into hospital a methemoglobin level of 35% was determined in the blood. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  The symptoms of acute acetanilid poisoning-cyanosis, prostra-tion, and collapse-usually appear within a few hours after the ingestion of a toxic dose of the drug and poisoning may result from relatively small doses. [citeseerx.ist.psu.edu]

  Circulatory collapse, with cold extremities, paleness...feeble rapid pulse & dyspnea, & coma, with fixed, semi-dilated pupils, is characteristic finding in acute acetanilide poisoning. 4. [slideshare.net]

• Unconsciousness

  One should never give anything by mouth if the victim is unconscious. Immediate medical assistance is important. [chemistrylearner.com]

  If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. [cameochemicals.noaa.gov]

  Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Get medical attention. Skin Contact: Immediately flush skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Remove contaminated clothing and shoes. Get medical attention. [nilechemicals.com]

• Swelling

  If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist, the patient should be seen in a health care facility. Handling and Storage Back to Contents 【Storage】 Do not store near heat or open flame. Store in original container only. [chemicalbook.com]

• Photophobia

  If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist, the patient should be seen in a health care facility. Handling and Storage Back to Contents 【Storage】 Do not store near heat or open flame. Store in original container only. [chemicalbook.com]

• Lacrimation

  If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist, the patient should be seen in a health care facility. Handling and Storage Back to Contents 【Storage】 Do not store near heat or open flame. Store in original container only. [chemicalbook.com]

• Flushing

  Do not flush medications down the toilet or pour them into a drain unless instructed to do so. Properly discard this product when it is expired or no longer needed. [fdb.rxlist.com]

  Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. [cameochemicals.noaa.gov]

  Eye Contact: Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, lifting lower and upper eyelids occasionally. Get medical attention immediately. 5. [nilechemicals.com]

  One should flush the eyes with plenty of water at least for 15 minutes. Immediate medical aid is required. Skin Contact: Victim should wash the contaminated skin area with disinfectant soap and water before applying an emollient lotion to it. [chemistrylearner.com]

• Skin Rash

  Skin rash ii. Renal tubular necrosis vi. Pancytopenia iii. Hypoglycemic coma vii. Urticaria iv. Leucopenia Dose: Single dose: 500 mg or 1 gm daily. Dose should not exceed 4 gm per day. [slideshare.net]

• Neurologic Manifestation

  The presence of neurologic manifestations, hypotension, lower GCS score, and larger ingested volumes was associated with more serious effects and mortalities. [koreamed.org]

(See Workup.) The most important aspects of the management of methemoglobinemia are recognition of the condition and prompt initiation of treatment, when indicated. [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Hepatic Necrosis

  This results in formation of covalent adducts which produce hepatic necrosis and renal tubular necrosis. Overdose of paracetamol can result in severe hepatic necrosis and renal failure to the extent of fatality. [pharmaxchange.info]

  Hepatic necrosis v. Skin rash ii. Renal tubular necrosis vi. Pancytopenia iii. Hypoglycemic coma vii. Urticaria iv. Leucopenia Dose: Single dose: 500 mg or 1 gm daily. Dose should not exceed 4 gm per day. [slideshare.net]

• Hepatocellular Carcinoma

  Acetaminophen hepatotoxicity and targeted rescue: a model for specific chemotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma G. Y. Wu, C. H. Wu, M. I. Rubin, Hepatology 1985, 5, 709. [tcichemicals.com]

Topics covered include chemical pollution of freshwater and marine environments, drinking water quality, water pollution biology, sewage and its treatment, toxic wastes, air pollution and atmospheric chemistry, control of pollutant emissions, land contamination [books.google.com]

Drug treatments / 002B02V Drug intoxications. [pascal-francis.inist.fr]

N-acetylcysteine serves three purposes towards the antidote treatment in case of paracetamol poisoning and overdose: (i) serves as a substitute for depleted glutathione (ii) N-acetylcysteine being the precursor of glutathione, can help in replenishing [pharmaxchange.info]

If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment. INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. [cameochemicals.noaa.gov]

The most important aspects of the management of methemoglobinemia are recognition of the condition and prompt initiation of treatment, when indicated. For mild asymptomatic cases, treatment is purely for cosmetic or psychological reasons. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Prognosis The prognosis of mild cases of methemoglobinemia is very favorable. In severe cases, the prognosis is determined by the degree of anoxic end-organ damage. [emedicine.medscape.com]

The presence of anemia and cyanosis despite oxygen treatment results from both of these effects. [4, 5] (See Pathophysiology and Etiology.) Methemoglobinemia occurs when red blood cells (RBCs) contain methemoglobin at levels higher than 1%. [emedicine.medscape.com]

PubMed View Article Google Scholar Wright RO, Lewander WJ, Woolf AD: Methemoglobinemia: etiology, pharmacology, and clinical management. Ann Emerg Med. 1999, 34 (5): 646-656. 10.1016/S0196-0644(99)70167-8. [bmcresnotes.biomedcentral.com]

Epidemiology of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-associated gastrointestinal injury. Am J Med 1998;104:23s-29s. Google Scholar Dajani EZ, Agrawal NM. Prevention and treatment of ulcers induced by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: An update. [link.springer.com]

Indigo carmine Resorcinol Metoclopramide [50] Antibiotics – Sulfonamides, nitrofurans, and para-aminosalicylic acid Industrial/household agents – Aniline dyes, nitrobenzene, naphthalene (moth balls), aminophenol, and nitroethane (nail polish remover) Epidemiology [emedicine.medscape.com]

Pathophysiology RBCs contain hemoglobin, which has a quaternary structure. Each hemoglobin molecule is composed of 4 polypeptide chains. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Skin Protection: Wear impervious protective clothing, including boots, gloves, lab coat, apron or coveralls, as appropriate, to prevent skin contact. [nilechemicals.com]

There is a completely new chapter on Clean Technologies and Industrial Ecology, reflecting the growing importance of pollution prevention as opposed to end-of-pipe solutions.Whilst originally intended as an introductory reference work for professionals [books.google.com]

Cover with plastic sheet to prevent spreading. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. [chemicalbook.com]

Prevention and treatment of ulcers induced by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: An update. J Physiol Pharmacol 1995;46:3-16. Google Scholar Taha AS, Hudson N, Hawkey CJ et al. [link.springer.com]

You can help prevent errors by Knowing your medicines. When you get a prescription, ask the name of the medicine and check to make sure that the pharmacy gave you the right medicine. [icdlist.com]