For comparison, we also present a case of endogenous ochronosis involving the knee articular surface. [redalyc.org]

Colloid milium of the oral cavity: a rare presentation. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2008 Apr. 105(4):e34-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. Lever WG. Colloid milium and nodular colloid degeneration. [emedicine.medscape.com]

An otherwise healthy 54-year-old white man presented for evaluation of a long-standing, progressive eruption on his cheeks. [jamanetwork.com]

• Skin Disease

  Keywords Ochronosis; Skin Care; Skin Cream; Skin Diseases; Skin Pigmentation INTRODUCTION Ochronosis an uncommon condition characterized by the accumulation of phenols, either endogenously as homogentisic acid in patients with alkaptonuria or exogenously [scielo.br]

• Osteophyte

  X-Ray radiography of lumbar spine showing extensive lumbar disc degeneration with disproportionately minor osteophytes and calcifications. [redalyc.org]

The patient underwent a workup, including a complete blood cell count, metabolic profile, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and serum protein electrophoresis, and the results were all within normal limits. [jamanetwork.com]

Although little benefit could be seen after the first and second treatments, the patient showed clear improvement after the third treatment. [jamanetwork.com]

Exogenous ochronosis: an update on clinical features, causative agents and treatment options. [scielo.br]

Treatment of OE has been unsatisfactory with the achievement of sub-optimal results. Cryotherapy, tretinoin, and topical acetic acid have been used without dramatic success. [redalyc.org]

A split-face treatment of adult colloid milium using a non-ablative, 1550-nm, erbium-glass fractional laser. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2014 Dec 2. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. Li YL, Luo YJ, Wu Y, Li B, Gao XH, Chen HD, et al. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Prognosis Colloid milium lesions remain static and do not resolve. Lesions reach their peak within 3 years, after which very few new papules occur. Patient Education Genetic counseling is advisable for the rare juvenile form of colloid milium. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Etiology The classic adult and nodular forms of colloid milium are believed to be due to excessive sun exposure, which appears to cause degeneration of elastin. [emedicine.medscape.com]

[…] hyperpigmented.2 The male-female ratio is 4:1.4 Colloid milium, which was first described in 1866, was thought to be a result of the degeneration of sebaceous glands.2 Although multiple theories have been proposed regarding the pathogenesis of CM, the exact etiology [jamanetwork.com]

It was reported in Black South Africans3 or Hispanics,4 who used certain skin-lightening products containing phenol substances for a long time.5 Many drugs have been implicated in its etiology, including benzene, quinone, antimalarials drugs, and mercury [redalyc.org]

Many drugs have been implicated in its etiology, including benzene, quinone, antimalarials drugs, and mercury derivatives. [scielo.br]

Exogenous ochronosis: a comprehensive review of the diagnosis, epidemiology, causes, and treatments. [scielo.br]

Exogenous ochronosis: an epidemiological study. Br J Dermatol. 1989;120(2):229-38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1989.tb07787.x. PMid:2923796. Bellew SG, Alster TS. [redalyc.org]

Prolonged use of hydroquinones has resulted in the development of the pigmented form of colloid milium, sometimes in association with ochronosis. [13] Epidemiology Frequency Colloid milium is rare, but more than 100 case reports are present in the world [emedicine.medscape.com]

The 4 variants are (1) an adult-onset type, (2) a nodular form (nodular colloid degeneration), [1] (3) a juvenile form, [2, 3] and (4) a pigmented form, thought to be due to excess hydroquinone use for skin bleaching. [4] Pathophysiology Colloid milium [emedicine.medscape.com]