[…] and why presents during second 6 mos of life as levels of HbF taper off Presentation of beta-thalassemia major hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice, expansion of erythroid marrow, increased susceptibility to infection Rx for beta-thalassemia major regular, lifelong [memorize.com]

The present case is significant because of the paucity of previously described focal intra-abdominal infections caused by L. monocytogenes, particularly as a postsplenectomy pathogen. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Absent (may be present with severe extravascular hemolysis) Hemoglobinuria Present Absent Urine hemosiderin Present Absent Hemopexin-heme Present Absent (may be present with severe extravascular hemolysis) Methemalbumin Present Absent Morphology Schistocytes [clinicalgate.com]

[…] of Hemolytic Anemia The presentation of hemolytic anemia depends on the duration of the process as well as its severity. [medcaretips.com]

The case is described of a 9-month-old infant with congenital HIV-1 infection who presented with severe autoimmune hemolysis and a high cytomegalovirus viral plasma load. [link.springer.com]

• Anemia

  Acquired hemolytic anemia can be divided into immune and non-immune mediated forms of hemolytic anemia. [en.wikipedia.org]

  Autoimmune hemolytic anemia can occur in patients who have chronic lymphocytic leukemia (cll). Acquired hemolytic anemia due to the presence of autoantibodies which agglutinate or lyse the patient's own red blood cells. [icd9data.com]

  […] associated with alpha-methyldopa administration, atypical cold antibody autoimmune hemolytic anemia, and in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria during an asymptomatic interval. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  […] agglutinin hemoglobinuria Cold type (secondary) (symptomatic) hemolytic anemia Warm type (secondary) (symptomatic) hemolytic anemia D59.2 Drug-induced nonautoimmune hemolytic anemia Inclusion term(s): Drug-induced enzyme deficiency anemia D59.3 Hemolytic-uremic [icd10coded.com]

• Fatigue

  All hemolytic anemias feature varying degrees of fatigue, pallor, and weakness (from asymptomatic disease to life-threatening hemolytic crisis ), although some diseases have more specific findings (e.g., venous thrombosis in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria [amboss.com]

  The disease is characterized by symptoms due to the anemia including fatigue, exertional dyspnea, and, more rarely, jaundice and dark urine in case of severe hemolysis. If the disease is severe, fever, chest pain, syncope or heart failure may occur. [orpha.net]

  Signs and symptoms may include fatigue, dizziness, heart palpitations, pale skin, headache, confusion, jaundice, and a spleen or liver that is larger than normal. [nhlbi.nih.gov]

  […] virus, cytomegalovirus, HIV, and hepatitis Symptoms of AIHA People with acquired autoimmune hemolytic anemia have symptoms that include: Chills Fast heartbeat, known as tachycardia Pale skin that may start to yellow Shortness of breath Weakness and fatigue [webmd.com]

• Chills

  Severe hemolytic anemia can cause chills, fever, pain in the back and abdomen, or shock. [nhlbi.nih.gov]

  […] such as penicillin, methyldopa ( Aldomet ), quinine ( Qualaquin ), and sulfonamides Viruses such as Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, HIV, and hepatitis Symptoms of AIHA People with acquired autoimmune hemolytic anemia have symptoms that include: Chills [webmd.com]

  Attacks are precipated on exposure to cold and assoc with hemoglobinemia, hemoglobinuria, chills and fever, back, leg and abdominal pain, headache and malaise. 42. TREATMENT. Maintain patient in warm environment. Splenectomy not of value. [slideshare.net]

• Surgical Procedure

  Treatment usually involves blood transfusions, plasmapheresis taking medication, blood and bone marrow transplants, surgical procedures, and lifestyle adjustments. [consumerhealthdigest.com]

  A bone marrow biopsy is a minor surgical procedure to remove a small amount of bone marrow tissue. For a bone marrow aspiration, your doctor removes a small amount of bone marrow fluid through a needle. [daviddarling.info]

• Abdominal Pain

  […] veins) Vasoconstriction : headache, pulmonary hypertension Abdominal pain, dysphagia, erectile dysfunction Diagnosis Anemia or pancytopenia → infections and bleeding Signs of hemolysis Flow cytometry : absence of CD55 and CD59 on the surface of RBCs [amboss.com]

  Gallstones may cause abdominal pain. Bilirubin stones can develop in patients with persistent haemolysis. Haemoglobinuria can occur in patients with intravascular haemolysis and it produces dark urine. [patient.info]

  Attacks are precipated on exposure to cold and assoc with hemoglobinemia, hemoglobinuria, chills and fever, back, leg and abdominal pain, headache and malaise. 42. TREATMENT. Maintain patient in warm environment. Splenectomy not of value. [slideshare.net]

  Upper abdominal pain – An enlarged spleen due to severe hemolytic anemia can cause upper abdominal pain. The pain may also be due to high levels of bilirubin being formed into gallstones as a result of chronic anemia. [consumerhealthdigest.com]

  Clinical manifestations may include the following: Anemia – paleness, fatigue, exertional tiredness Tachycardia, dyspnea, angina, and weakness if anemia Abdominal pain due to bilirubin gallstones [excessive hemolysis results in rise in bilirubin levels [medcaretips.com]

• Jaundice

  increased pigmented gallstones Complications of hereditary spherocytosis aplastic crisis, hemolytic crisis, cholelithiasis, neonatal hemolysis with jaundice Smear in hereditary spherocytosis spherocytes with low MCV and high MCHC memorize Pages linking [memorize.com]

  IN 1ST WEEK OCCURS IN 30-50% OF HS PTS ANEMIA, SPLENOMEGALY, JAUNDICE, AND TRANSFUSIONS NEEDED VARY DEPENDING ON SEVERITY OF DZ 17 Hereditary microspherocytosis 1 Hereditary microspherocytosis 1. [slideplayer.com]

  […] deficiency congenital hemolytic anemia Hb DISORDERS sickle cell anemia Hb CCEE Acquired causes of hemolytic anemia immune (Ab to RBC) drug mechanical infectious burns PNH spurcell anemia Acute clinical presentation hemolytic anemia fatigue, SOB, pallor, jaundice [quizlet.com]

  Spherocytic anemia or ‘familial hemolytic jaundice’ is a hereditary disorder in which the red cells are shaped like spheres instead of being doughnut-shaped (toroidal). Jaundice results from excessive destruction of the abnormal cells by the spleen. [innvista.com]

  In contrast to patients with congenital hemolytic jaundice, all patients in this group exhibited evidence of sensitization of their erythrocytes by an antibody-like agent. [bloodjournal.org]

• Hepatomegaly

  Examination New onset of pallor and anemia Jaundice Gallstones Splenomegaly +/- hepatomegaly INVESTIGATIONS Confirm haemolysis Increased absolute reticulocyte count LDH (elevation is more pronounced in intravascular haemolysis) Indirect Bilirubin (i.e [lifeinthefastlane.com]

  H1N1 influenza–associated AIHA in children may respond to treatment with oseltamivir and intravenous immunoglobulin. [6] Fetal splenomegaly and associated hepatomegaly could be due to hemolysis, but infections are the most likely cause. [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Uremia

  Toxic (chemical) hemolysis : results from chemical injury of erythrocytes as a result of exposure to toxic chemical agents, hemodialysis or uremia, or venoms. [innvista.com]

• Headache

  Signs and symptoms may include fatigue, dizziness, heart palpitations, pale skin, headache, confusion, jaundice, and a spleen or liver that is larger than normal. [nhlbi.nih.gov]

  People with paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria may have severe pain in the back and legs, headache, vomiting, and diarrhea. The urine may be dark brown. Once blood tests show a person has anemia, doctors look for the cause. [merckmanuals.com]

  The signs of anemia are paleness, tiredness, headache, shortness of breath, dizziness, or heart palpitations. Other things to look for are yellow tint in the skin or whites of the eyes, and dark urine (the color of tea or coke). [ihtc.org]

  […] in ∼ 10% patients with aplastic anemia Clinical symptoms Pallor, excessive fatigue ;, weakness Intermittent jaundice and episodes of red/ dark urine Venous thrombosis in unusual locations (e.g., hepatic, cerebral, abdominal veins) Vasoconstriction : headache [amboss.com]

• Seizure

  TO 6 DAYS POSTPARTUM 63 HELLP SYNDROME RUQ AND EPIGASTRIC PAIN – SEEN IN 90% OF PTS (POSSIBLE HEPATIC RUPTURE) DX BASED ON LAB DATA DECREASED SERUM HAPTOGLOBIN LEVEL MOST SENSITIVE 64 HELLP SYNDROME - TX PROMPT DELIVERY OF INFANT SUPPORTIVE CARE FOR SEIZURES [slideplayer.com]

  Eclampsia, which follows preeclampsia, is a serious condition that causes seizures in pregnant women. Blood cell damage also may occur in the limbs while participating in marathons or other strenuous activities. [theoncologyinstitute.com]

An array of laboratory tests are available for detecting hemolysis, and specialized tests may be indicated to diagnose the cause for hemolysis (see Workup ). [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Enlargement of the Liver

  The following are some of the most common symptoms: Abnormally pale skin as well as jaundice (yellowing) of skin and eyes Confusion Dark colored urine Dizziness, weakness or intolerance to physical activity Enlarged spleen and liver Fever Heart murmur [ucsfbenioffchildrens.org]

  Symptoms may include: Abnormal paleness or lack of color of the skin Yellowish skin, eyes, and mouth (jaundice) Dark-colored urine Fever Weakness Dizziness Confusion Can’t handle physical activity Enlarged spleen and liver Increased heart rate (tachycardia [hopkinsmedicine.org]

  […] spleen enlarged liver Hemolytic disease of the newborn is a condition that occurs when a mother and baby have incompatible blood types, usually because of Rh incompatibility. [healthline.com]

Combined treatment with steroids and cyclosporin was necessary to improve haemolysis and reduce the high transfusion requirements. Treatment was discontinued at 13 months of age. [fn.bmj.com]

Reticulocytosis 3 Diagnosis of hemolytic syndrome: Anemia Reticulocytosis Indirect hyperbilirubinemia 79 Autoimmune hemolytic anemia - diagnosis positive Coombs’ test Treatment: steroids splenectomy immunosupressive agents transfusion [slideplayer.com]

Often no treatment is necessary, and symptoms will pass without intervention. Children who need treatment will have the same treatment options as adults. [medicalnewstoday.com]

Treatment may include: Blood transfusions Corticosteroid medicines Treatment to strengthen your immune system (using intravenous immune globulin) Rituximab In more severe cases, the following treatments may be needed: Surgery to remove the spleen Medicine [hopkinsmedicine.org]

Management and treatment The most common therapy and the cornerstone of treatment for warm AIHA are corticosteroids. If these are ineffective, splenectomy can be considered. [orpha.net]

Prognosis depends on the underlying condition. The documents contained in this web site are presented for information purposes only. [orpha.net]

Synonyms and Keywords: Haemolytic anaemia Overview Historical Perspective Classification Pathophysiology Causes Epidemiology and Demographics Risk Factors Screening Differentiating Hemolytic anemia from other Diseases Natural History, Complications and Prognosis [wikidoc.org]

Treatments and Prognosis for Hemolytic Anemia Doctors who treat hemolytic anemia will first focus on returning the patient's red blood cell count to as close to normal as possible and halting or slowing the destruction of red blood cells. [everydayhealth.com]

[…] features Pallor, fatigue, weakness Cyanosis of the extremities ( acrocyanosis ) Diagnosis Signs of hemolysis Peripheral blood smear : spherocytes, polychromasia Coombs test : positive ↑ Cold agglutinins titer ↓ C3 and ↓ C4 ; (due to complement activation) Prognosis [amboss.com]

Prognosis AIHA is transient in children following viral infection. Usually chronic in adults with exacerbations and remissions 27. Warm AIHA 28. COLD ANTIBODY IMMUNOHEMOLYTIC ANEMIA. [slideshare.net]

Certain conditions have both an underlying etiology and multiple body system manifestations due to the underlying etiology. [icd10coded.com]

Enzyme defects Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency Pyruvate kinase deficiency Pathophysiology : autosomal recessive defect of pyruvate kinase Etiology : : Glucose is the only energy source for RBCs. [amboss.com]

In many cases, a fundamental pathologic process such as lymphosarcoma or leukemia can be found (symptomatic 1 2 3 or secondary types), but most of the cases have no well defined etiology — that is, they are "idiopathic." [nejm.org]

The occurrence of definite and sustained leukopenia with neutropenia and thrombocytopenia in several patients with hemolytic disease due to an immune body agent raises questions as to the etiology of classic thrombocytopenic purpura and of splenic neutropenia [bloodjournal.org]

Etiology and Pathogenesis Overview Taken together, AIHA represents the most common cause of acquired hemolytic anemia; however, a number of distinct insults can trigger generation of these anti-erythrocyte antibodies. [pathwaymedicine.org]

It discusses the biological basis of disease at genetic, molecular, cellular, and epidemiologic levels. [books.google.com]

Summary Epidemiology Warm auto-antibodies are responsible for 60/70% of AIHA, whose annual incidence is estimated to be between 1/35,000-1/80,000 in North America and Western Europe. [orpha.net]

Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Shyam Patel [2] Synonyms and Keywords: Haemolytic anaemia Overview Historical Perspective Classification Pathophysiology Causes Epidemiology and Demographics Risk Factors Screening Differentiating Hemolytic anemia from other [wikidoc.org]

Epidemiology Risk factors are variable and depend on the underlying cause. [patient.info]

Epidemiology Hemolytic anemia represents approximately 5% of all anemias. Acute AIHA is relatively rare, with an incidence of one to three cases per 100,000 population per year. [27] Hemolytic anemias are not specific to any race. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Enzyme defects Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency Pyruvate kinase deficiency Pathophysiology : autosomal recessive defect of pyruvate kinase Etiology : : Glucose is the only energy source for RBCs. [amboss.com]

Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH) Discuss the molecular and pathophysiologic defects in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) and explain the test used to diagnose this disorder. List complications of PNH. [hematology.org]

Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Shyam Patel [2] Synonyms and Keywords: Haemolytic anaemia Overview Historical Perspective Classification Pathophysiology Causes Epidemiology and Demographics Risk Factors Screening Differentiating Hemolytic anemia from other [wikidoc.org]

[…] of hemolytic severity LDH memorize Hereditary Spherocytosis Question Answer What ethnicity gets the most hereditary spherocytosis northern European Inheritance of hereditary spherocytosis autosomal dominant (rare, very severe recessive form as well) Pathophysiology [memorize.com]

Clinical Information Discusses physiology, pathophysiology, and general clinical aspects, as they relate to a laboratory test Hemolytic anemia (HA) is characterized by increased red cell destruction and a decreased red cell life span. [mayomedicallaboratories.com]

Prevention It is not possible to prevent some types of AIHA, but doctors can monitor people who have a viral infection or who use certain medications, to ensure that AIHA does not develop. [medicalnewstoday.com]

Recognizing these symptoms is important in order to prevent fatal outcomes. [consumerhealthdigest.com]

Author affiliations Departments of Preventive Medicine and Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Mo. [karger.com]

Diagnosis History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | X Ray | CT Scan | MRI Scan | Echocardiography or Ultrasound | Imaging Findings | Other imaging findings | Other Diagnostic Studies Treatment Medical therapy | Surgery | Primary Prevention [wikidoc.org]