[…] and why presents during second 6 mos of life as levels of HbF taper off Presentation of beta-thalassemia major hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice, expansion of erythroid marrow, increased susceptibility to infection Rx for beta-thalassemia major regular, lifelong [memorize.com]

The present case is significant because of the paucity of previously described focal intra-abdominal infections caused by L. monocytogenes, particularly as a postsplenectomy pathogen. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Absent (may be present with severe extravascular hemolysis) Hemoglobinuria Present Absent Urine hemosiderin Present Absent Hemopexin-heme Present Absent (may be present with severe extravascular hemolysis) Methemalbumin Present Absent Morphology Schistocytes [clinicalgate.com]

[…] of Hemolytic Anemia The presentation of hemolytic anemia depends on the duration of the process as well as its severity. [medcaretips.com]

The case is described of a 9-month-old infant with congenital HIV-1 infection who presented with severe autoimmune hemolysis and a high cytomegalovirus viral plasma load. [link.springer.com]

• Fatigue

  All hemolytic anemias feature varying degrees of fatigue, pallor, and weakness (from asymptomatic disease to life-threatening hemolytic crisis ), although some diseases have more specific findings (e.g., venous thrombosis in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria [amboss.com]

  The disease is characterized by symptoms due to the anemia including fatigue, exertional dyspnea, and, more rarely, jaundice and dark urine in case of severe hemolysis. If the disease is severe, fever, chest pain, syncope or heart failure may occur. [orpha.net]

  Signs and symptoms may include fatigue, dizziness, heart palpitations, pale skin, headache, confusion, jaundice, and a spleen or liver that is larger than normal. [nhlbi.nih.gov]

  […] virus, cytomegalovirus, HIV, and hepatitis Symptoms of AIHA People with acquired autoimmune hemolytic anemia have symptoms that include: Chills Fast heartbeat, known as tachycardia Pale skin that may start to yellow Shortness of breath Weakness and fatigue [webmd.com]

• Swelling of Hand

  […] of hands and feet) Heart Enlargement Growth Retardation Delayed Sexual Development 29 Dactylitis 30 Sickle Cell Crisis Severe pain caused by blocked blood flow Triggered by Infection, Dehydration, Fatigue, or Emotional Stress Can last up to 5 days 31 [slideplayer.com]

• Headache

  Signs and symptoms may include fatigue, dizziness, heart palpitations, pale skin, headache, confusion, jaundice, and a spleen or liver that is larger than normal. [nhlbi.nih.gov]

  People with paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria may have severe pain in the back and legs, headache, vomiting, and diarrhea. The urine may be dark brown. Once blood tests show a person has anemia, doctors look for the cause. [merckmanuals.com]

  […] in ∼ 10% patients with aplastic anemia Clinical symptoms Pallor, excessive fatigue ;, weakness Intermittent jaundice and episodes of red/ dark urine Venous thrombosis in unusual locations (e.g., hepatic, cerebral, abdominal veins) Vasoconstriction : headache [amboss.com]

  The signs of anemia are paleness, tiredness, headache, shortness of breath, dizziness, or heart palpitations. Other things to look for are yellow tint in the skin or whites of the eyes, and dark urine (the color of tea or coke). [ihtc.org]

An array of laboratory tests are available for detecting hemolysis, and specialized tests may be indicated to diagnose the cause for hemolysis (see Workup ). [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Listeria Monocytogenes

  We report a case of an intra-abdominal abscess caused by Listeria monocytogenes in a postoperative patient with Evans syndrome (acquired hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Bone Marrow with Erythroid Hyperplasia

  Bone marrow smear erythroid hyperplasia 78 Diagnosis of hemolytic syndrome: 1. Anemia 2. [slideplayer.com]

Reticulocytosis 3 Diagnosis of hemolytic syndrome: Anemia Reticulocytosis Indirect hyperbilirubinemia 79 Autoimmune hemolytic anemia - diagnosis positive Coombs’ test Treatment: steroids splenectomy immunosupressive agents transfusion [slideplayer.com]

Combined treatment with steroids and cyclosporin was necessary to improve haemolysis and reduce the high transfusion requirements. Treatment was discontinued at 13 months of age. [fn.bmj.com]

Often no treatment is necessary, and symptoms will pass without intervention. Children who need treatment will have the same treatment options as adults. [medicalnewstoday.com]

Treatment may include: Blood transfusions Corticosteroid medicines Treatment to strengthen your immune system (using intravenous immune globulin) Rituximab In more severe cases, the following treatments may be needed: Surgery to remove the spleen Medicine [hopkinsmedicine.org]

Management and treatment The most common therapy and the cornerstone of treatment for warm AIHA are corticosteroids. If these are ineffective, splenectomy can be considered. [orpha.net]

Prognosis depends on the underlying condition. The documents contained in this web site are presented for information purposes only. [orpha.net]

Synonyms and Keywords: Haemolytic anaemia Overview Historical Perspective Classification Pathophysiology Causes Epidemiology and Demographics Risk Factors Screening Differentiating Hemolytic anemia from other Diseases Natural History, Complications and Prognosis [wikidoc.org]

Treatments and Prognosis for Hemolytic Anemia Doctors who treat hemolytic anemia will first focus on returning the patient's red blood cell count to as close to normal as possible and halting or slowing the destruction of red blood cells. [everydayhealth.com]

[…] features Pallor, fatigue, weakness Cyanosis of the extremities ( acrocyanosis ) Diagnosis Signs of hemolysis Peripheral blood smear : spherocytes, polychromasia Coombs test : positive ↑ Cold agglutinins titer ↓ C3 and ↓ C4 ; (due to complement activation) Prognosis [amboss.com]

Prognosis AIHA is transient in children following viral infection. Usually chronic in adults with exacerbations and remissions 27. Warm AIHA 28. COLD ANTIBODY IMMUNOHEMOLYTIC ANEMIA. [slideshare.net]

Certain conditions have both an underlying etiology and multiple body system manifestations due to the underlying etiology. [icd10coded.com]

Enzyme defects Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency Pyruvate kinase deficiency Pathophysiology : autosomal recessive defect of pyruvate kinase Etiology : : Glucose is the only energy source for RBCs. [amboss.com]

In many cases, a fundamental pathologic process such as lymphosarcoma or leukemia can be found (symptomatic 1 2 3 or secondary types), but most of the cases have no well defined etiology — that is, they are "idiopathic." [nejm.org]

The occurrence of definite and sustained leukopenia with neutropenia and thrombocytopenia in several patients with hemolytic disease due to an immune body agent raises questions as to the etiology of classic thrombocytopenic purpura and of splenic neutropenia [bloodjournal.org]

Etiology and Pathogenesis Overview Taken together, AIHA represents the most common cause of acquired hemolytic anemia; however, a number of distinct insults can trigger generation of these anti-erythrocyte antibodies. [pathwaymedicine.org]

It discusses the biological basis of disease at genetic, molecular, cellular, and epidemiologic levels. [books.google.com]

Summary Epidemiology Warm auto-antibodies are responsible for 60/70% of AIHA, whose annual incidence is estimated to be between 1/35,000-1/80,000 in North America and Western Europe. [orpha.net]

Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Shyam Patel [2] Synonyms and Keywords: Haemolytic anaemia Overview Historical Perspective Classification Pathophysiology Causes Epidemiology and Demographics Risk Factors Screening Differentiating Hemolytic anemia from other [wikidoc.org]

Epidemiology Risk factors are variable and depend on the underlying cause. [patient.info]

Epidemiology Hemolytic anemia represents approximately 5% of all anemias. Acute AIHA is relatively rare, with an incidence of one to three cases per 100,000 population per year. [27] Hemolytic anemias are not specific to any race. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Enzyme defects Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency Pyruvate kinase deficiency Pathophysiology : autosomal recessive defect of pyruvate kinase Etiology : : Glucose is the only energy source for RBCs. [amboss.com]

Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH) Discuss the molecular and pathophysiologic defects in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) and explain the test used to diagnose this disorder. List complications of PNH. [hematology.org]

[…] of hemolytic severity LDH memorize Hereditary Spherocytosis Question Answer What ethnicity gets the most hereditary spherocytosis northern European Inheritance of hereditary spherocytosis autosomal dominant (rare, very severe recessive form as well) Pathophysiology [memorize.com]

Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Shyam Patel [2] Synonyms and Keywords: Haemolytic anaemia Overview Historical Perspective Classification Pathophysiology Causes Epidemiology and Demographics Risk Factors Screening Differentiating Hemolytic anemia from other [wikidoc.org]

Clinical Information Discusses physiology, pathophysiology, and general clinical aspects, as they relate to a laboratory test Hemolytic anemia (HA) is characterized by increased red cell destruction and a decreased red cell life span. [mayomedicallaboratories.com]

Prevention It is not possible to prevent some types of AIHA, but doctors can monitor people who have a viral infection or who use certain medications, to ensure that AIHA does not develop. [medicalnewstoday.com]

Author affiliations Departments of Preventive Medicine and Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Mo. [karger.com]

Causes include RBC membrane abnormalities such as bound immunoglobulin, or physical abnormalities restricting RBC deformability that prevent egress from the spleen. Extravascular hemolysis is characterized by spherocytes. [med-ed.virginia.edu]

Recognizing these symptoms is important in order to prevent fatal outcomes. [consumerhealthdigest.com]