Traumatic VSD is variable in its presentation, severity and clinical course. We present the case of rupture of the ventricular septum in 7-year-old boy following blunt chest trauma. [njcponline.com]

We conclude that a diagnosis of traumatic VSD, though rare, should be considered in any previously well child presenting in acute congestive cardiac failure following blunt trauma to the chest. [ajol.info]

Data Collection Detailed in-hospital and follow-up data, including age, sex, coronary risk factors, present or absent congestive heart failure on presentation, Killip score on hospital admission, reperfusion time, preintervention and postintervention [the-medical-dictionary.com]

Healed myocardial infarcts were present in 3 patients. All 16 patients had severe (greater than 75% in cross-sectional area) narrowing of 1 or more of the 4 major epicardial coronary arteries. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

This diagnostic technique can be helpful when a patient presents after an acute myocardial infarction with pulmonary edema and shock to diagnose an acute ventricular septal defect. [healio.com]

• Aspiration

  In patients presented with cardiac tamponade and hypotension, catheter pericardiocentesis is indicated and 10 - 50 ml of pericardial fluid is aspirated to maintain hemodynamic stability. [scirp.org]

• Heart Disease

  Heart Diseases Also called: Cardiac diseases If you're like most people, you think that heart disease is a problem for others. But heart disease is the number one killer in the U.S. It is also a major cause of disability. [icdlist.com]

  A growing number of structural heart diseases that over the past two decades would have required open heart surgery can be safely treated using percutaneous catheter-based procedures.Traditionally, guidance of catheter-based procedures is done using fluoroscopy [books.google.com]

  heart diseases I51.9 Heart disease, unspecified Reimbursement claims with a date of service on or after October 1, 2015 require the use of ICD-10-CM codes. [icd10data.com]

  More Queen's Speaking of Health - Prevention and Treatment of Heart Attacks Read More Ask a Specialist on KHON2: How to Diagnose Heart Disease Read More View More [qhpp.com]

• Systolic Murmur

  VSD murmurs vary in intensity based on their size. Small to moderate resistive systolic murmurs may be louder than large non-resistive systolic murmurs. Clinical Signs Clinical signs of VSDs may include signs of left-sided heart failure. [lsu.edu]

  A grade 2 to 5/6 systolic murmur is audible at the lower left sternal border. It may be pansystolic or early systolic. [patient.info]

  The blood pressure was 100/65 mm Hg and there was a harsh systolic murmur at the left sternal edge. The chest was clear and there was no peripheral oedema. Neurological examination revealed an ataxic gait with right upper limb weakness grade 4/5. [pmj.bmj.com]

  On the second day, a systolic murmur was detected and Doppler echocardiography revealed an apical muscular VSD (Figure 1A), which motivated transfer to our center. [revespcardiol.org]

  Although initially no murmur was heard, within 24 hours of admission a Grade 2/6 pan systolic murmur was detected at the left lower sternal border and subsequently increased in intensity to Grade 3/6. [njcponline.com]

• Heart Murmur

  The blood flowing through the hole creates an extra noise, which is known as a heart murmur. The heart murmur can be heard when a doctor listens to the heart with a stethoscope. [kidshealth.org]

  However the heart murmur was no longer audible on auscultation and no VSD could be demonstrated on echocardiography (fig 2). [pmj.bmj.com]

  The only sign may be a heart murmur – or whooshing sound – that the physician may hear via a stethoscope. If the hole is large, side effects may be noted in newborns or may not appear until months later. [childrens.memorialhermann.org]

  The physician will listen to the heart with a stethoscope (auscultation) to detect a heart murmur. X rays, electrocardiogram (ECG), and echocardiography can all be used to evaluate ventricular septal defect. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

  Progressive dyspnea, worsening congestive heart failure, and pansystolic heart murmur found during physical examination were the usual initial presentations. [the-medical-dictionary.com]

Diagnostic Workup for Pediatric Ventricular Septal Defect Patients with significant pulmonary hypertension and a right-to-left shunt might develop polycythemia due to hypoxemia. [lecturio.com]

• Pericardial Effusion

  effusion) are usually transient. [clinicaladvisor.com]

  There have not been reports of delayed pericardial effusion related to Amplatzer VSD device occluder. In summary, catheter closure of single or multiple muscular VSDs is safe and effective. [heartviews.org]

• Right Axis Deviation

  Restrictive VSDs usually produce a normal tracing, a wide notched P wave due to left atrial overload is the characteristic of Medium-sized VSDs produce, and large VSDs shows hypertrophy of the right ventricle with right-axis deviation. [ukessays.com]

  In those with pulmonary hypertension, right axis deviation, right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) and right atrial hypertrophy (RAH) may be seen. CXR CXR is normal in patients with small VSDs. [patient.info]

• Biventricular Hypertrophy

  With further progression of the defect, the ECG shows biventricular hypertrophy; P waves may be notched or peaked. [ukessays.com]

  With a moderate VSD, left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and occasionally left atrial hypertrophy (LAH) may be seen. With large VSDs the ECG shows biventricular hypertrophy (BVH) with or without LAH. [patient.info]

Treatment Options Medical Management: Small sized VSDs are often asymptomatic and need no medical treatment, but monitoring. [ukessays.com]

Cardiac experts at Queen's Heart deliver innovative and life-saving cardiac and vascular care to patients utilizing the most advanced technology, treatment and care options to ensure the highest quality of care. [qhpp.com]

Treatment Although small resistive VSDs often have loud murmurs, the consequences of this defect are small and this defect does not require treatment. [lsu.edu]

He was diagnosed with extensive anterior myocardial infarction and therefore did not receive fibrinolytic treatment. [revespcardiol.org]

[…] in any chapter anatomy of the structure treated (i.e. atrial septum, mitral valve...), a description of the morphopathology as seen with RT 3D TEE (degenerative or ischemic mitral regurgitation) the up-to-date indications to the specific percutaneous treatment [books.google.com]

The long-term prognosis with medical therapy is extremely poor. We report on a patient who developed progressive heart failure within 3 months after myocardial infarction due to an unknown VSD. The left ventricular function was severely impaired. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The diagnosis of this situation is of importance because of the poor prognosis which it carries. © 1989 S. [karger.com]

Prognosis The prognosis for a patient with an isolated VSD is excellent. Most small-to-moderate muscular VSDs can be expected to close spontaneously. [patient.info]

Complications of acute myocardial infarction that develop within the first 2 weeks after its onset have been associated with a poor prognosis. [cardiothoracicsurgery.biomedcentral.com]

MANAGEMENT The prognosis of post-AMI VSD is very poor, with mortality rates as high as 50% at 1 week and 90% at 2 months with conservative medical treatment. 13 Acute surgery is technically complicated by the myocardial tissue being soft and friable. [citoday.com]

Certain conditions have both an underlying etiology and multiple body system manifestations due to the underlying etiology. [icd10coded.com]

High clinical suspicion is needed when patient is deteriorating and no other obvious etiology is identified as the condition is often treatable with percutaneous approach. Back to 2016 Annual Meeting Posters [heartvalvesociety.org]

complication of MI Some reports of iatrogenic causes Genetics Multifactorial etiology; autosomal dominant and recessive transmissions have been reported. [unboundmedicine.com]

Despite the identification of these risk factors for VSDs, most cases remain of unknown etiology. [lecturio.com]

The precise etiology for the disruption of normal ventricular septation is not known, although both genetic and environmental factors have been implicated in the development of ventricular septal defects. [clinicaladvisor.com]

Can be tolerated during pregnancy if VSD is small May be associated with an increased risk of preeclampsia in women with an unrepaired VSD Epidemiology Incidence Congenital defect: no gender predilection, occurs in ~2/1,000 live births and accounts for [unboundmedicine.com]

[…] with potential placement of a local anesthetic infusion catheter under the fascia, to enhance postoperative pain control. j) Multiple muscular VSDs are a challenge to close, achieving a complete closure can be aided by the use of fluorescein dye. [15] Epidemiology [en.wikipedia.org]

Acquired VSD can occur as a result of a septal myocardial infarct but such a finding is much rarer than congenital lesions and prognosis tends to be poor. [ 2 ] Epidemiology [ 3 ] VSDs are the most common congenital heart defect in children, occurring [patient.info]

Epidemiology of Pediatric Ventricular Septal Defect Ventricular septal defects are considered the second most common type of congenital heart disease preceded by bicuspid aortic valve anomaly. [lecturio.com]

Factors Affecting the Pathophysiology of VSD The subsequent natural history and pathophysiology depends on The size of the defect The magnitude of left-to-right shunting. [wikidoc.org]

Pathophysiology Significant left to right shunting can occur resulting in a high left ventricular cardiac output. Forward systemic flow can be reduced if the shunt is large resulting in symptoms of congestive heart failure. [healio.com]

Prevalence In the United States: Occurs in ~50% of all children with congenital heart disease Low prevalence in adults (~0.3 per 1,000) due to spontaneous closure Post-MI complication in ~0.2–3% of cases Etiology and Pathophysiology Congenital In adults [unboundmedicine.com]

VSD appears either as an isolated cardiac defect or with several complex malformations such as pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary stenosis or aortic regurgitation- which all play a role in the pathophysiologic consequence of the disease. [ukessays.com]

Expansion of transmural myocardial infarction: a pathophysiological factor in cardiac rapture. Circulation 1979; 60:1532-1538 (21) Bedynek J, Fenoglio J, McAllister H. [the-medical-dictionary.com]

Medicines may be used temporarily to help with symptoms, but they don't cure the VSD or prevent permanent damage to the lung arteries. [heart.org]

Cardiac Exercise Stress Testing Read More Hawaii Public Radio’s The Body Show: Atrial Fibrillation Read More Ask a Specialist on KHON2: Heart Failure Read More Ask a Specialist on KHON2: Women and Heart Disease Read More Queen's Speaking of Health - Prevention [qhpp.com]

Risk Factors Congenital VSD: Risk of sibling being affected: 4.2% Risk of offspring being affected: 4% Prematurity Post-MI VSD: Advanced age Arterial HTN First MI Most frequent within 1st week after MI Most commonly after anterior wall acute MI General Prevention [unboundmedicine.com]

How can ventricular septal defects be prevented? There are no known therapies which can help in the prevention of ventricular septal defects. Copyright © 2017, 2013 Decision Support in Medicine, LLC. All rights reserved. [clinicaladvisor.com]