The presented pathogenetic model may lead to new preventive- and therapeutic strategies for Kawasaki's disease. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Besides peripheral neuropathy (presenting as paresthesia or itching, burning or pain) and discoloration, swelling (edema) and desquamation may occur. [en.wikipedia.org]

In summary, acrodynia, although rare, should be considered in every child presenting with hypertension, tachycardia, mental changes, and cutaneous manifestations. [doi.org]

• Fishing

  While it is better to get your omega-3 fats from fish rather than supplements, if you do use fish oil capsules, check to see if the product has been tested for mercury levels. [betterhealth.vic.gov.au]

  Fish eat contaminated vegetation, and the mercury becomes biomagnified in the fish. [emedicine.com]

  Archives of Disease in Childhood 2002;86:453 On DermNet NZ Heavy metal toxicity Skin bleaching creams Cutaneous toxicity from fish ingestion Other websites Heavy Metal Toxicity – Life Extension Heavy Metal Handbook : A Guide for Healthcare Practitioners [dermnetnz.org]

• Fever

  MFF, or "brass founder’s ague," "zinc shakes," or "Monday morning fever" as it is variously known, is characterized by fever, headache, fatigue, dyspnea, cough, and a metallic taste occurring within 3-10 hours after exposure. [emedicine.com]

  Consideration should be given to other possible etiologies, such as infection (for example, streptococcus, staphylococcus, Epstein-Barr virus, adenovirus, measles, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, or leptospirosis), drug reaction (for example, to antibiotics [freethesaurus.com]

  Mercury compounds like calomel were historically used for various medical purposes: as laxatives, diuretics, antiseptics or antimicrobial drugs for syphilis, typhus and yellow fever. [en.wikipedia.org]

  Stockman, Prolonged Fever and Pyuria: A Urinary Tract Infection Presentation of Incomplete Kawasaki Disease, Yearbook of Pediatrics, 2006, (198), (2006). Y. W. Chen, C. F. Huang, K. S. Tsai, R. S. Yang, C. C. Yen, C. Y. Yang, S. Y. Lin-Shiau and S. [doi.org]

  […] syndrome (men with bronchiectasis and low sperm count ). [3] Causes [ edit ] Mercury compounds like calomel were historically used for various medical purposes: as laxatives, diuretics, antiseptics or antimicrobial drugs for syphilis, typhus and yellow fever [mashpedia.com]

• Fatigue

  Fatigue, pain in the feet, anorexia, and weight loss were found in 50%. [pediatrics.aappublications.org]

  […] and also on the tip of the nose (due to an allergic reaction of the skin to the chemical) Pain, burning or itching sensation due to peripheral neuropathy Loss of superficial layers of skin - a process called desquamation Weight loss, loss of appetite Fatigue [dovemed.com]

  MFF, or "brass founder’s ague," "zinc shakes," or "Monday morning fever" as it is variously known, is characterized by fever, headache, fatigue, dyspnea, cough, and a metallic taste occurring within 3-10 hours after exposure. [emedicine.com]

• Inflammation

  Symptoms of acrodynia include irritability, insomnia, loss of appetite, loosening of teeth, inflammation of the mouth, and… Read More [britannica.com]

  Inflammation, swelling and gum erosion can been seen with subsequent loss of teeth. These changes are early. [drstandley.com]

• Anemia

  […] neuropathy, coma, autonomic instability, MODS Late: Alopecia, Mees lines, residual neurologic symptoms Alopecia, neuropathy Toxic: >3 µg/L (blood) MDAC Prussian blue Zinc MFF (oxide fumes); vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain (ingestion) Copper deficiency: anemia [emedicine.com]

  […] included: irritability, neurosis, photophobia (light sensitivity), hyperhidrosis (excessive sweating), hypotonia (low muscle tone), ataxia (lack of coordination), digestive problems (including loss of weight, loss of appetite, vomiting, and constipation), anemia [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Pneumonia

  […] methylmercury toxicity causes prominent neuronal loss and gliosis in the calcarine and parietal cortices and cerebellar folia, as seen in cases of classic Minamata disease. [7] Inorganic mercury causes cerebral infarctions, as well as systemic features, such as pneumonia [emedicine.com]

• Loss of Appetite

  Symptoms of acrodynia include irritability, insomnia, loss of appetite, loosening of teeth, inflammation of the mouth, and… Read More [britannica.com]

  A 4½12 year old boy was admitted with dysuria, general weakness, and loss of appetite. He had hypertension (140/95 mm Hg) and tachycardia (141 beats/min). [doi.org]

  Manifestations of acridity from the mucous membranes: - Hyper-salivation - Ulcerative stomatitis - Gingivitis In most recorded cases, this disease begins with an increase in overall body temperature, loss of appetite, photophobia, anxiety and anguish. [en.med-directory.com]

  These include: depression, apathy, fretfulness, loss of appetite, social withdrawal, photophobia sweating, hypotonia, misery, slurring or loss of speech, and insomnia. [worldmercuryproject.org]

  Acrodynia features pink, itching extremities, sweating, floppiness, loss of appetite, insomnia and low blood pressure. The disease was also caused by local applications of mercury-containing medication. Feer, Emil, Swiss pediatrician, 1864-1955. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

• Diarrhea

  Definitions from The Century Dictionary. noun An epidemic disease characterized by disturbances in the alimentary canal (vomiting, colic, diarrhea), by nervous symptoms (especially pain in the extremities), sometimes by cramp or anæsthesia, and by a dermatitis [wordnik.com]

  The signs and symptoms of Acrodynia comprise loss of skin layers, peripheral neuropathy, vomiting and diarrhea, renal failure, and memory loss and loss of focus. [dovemed.com]

  painful neuropathy, coma, autonomic instability, MODS Late: Alopecia, Mees lines, residual neurologic symptoms Alopecia, neuropathy Toxic: >3 µg/L (blood) MDAC Prussian blue Zinc MFF (oxide fumes); vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain (ingestion) Copper [emedicine.com]

  An epidemic disease characterized by disturbances in the alimentary canal (vomiting, colic, diarrhea), by nervous symptoms (especially pain in the extremities), sometimes by cramp or anæsthesia, and by a dermatitis affecting the hands and feet. [wordgamedictionary.com]

• Polydipsia

  […] burning or itching sensation due to peripheral neuropathy Loss of superficial layers of skin - a process called desquamation Weight loss, loss of appetite Fatigue Ulcers on the gums Loss of muscle tone Excess saliva production; being excessively thirsty (polydipsia [dovemed.com]

  Other presenting complaints or findings in 1 or 2 patients included insomnia, tremor, back pain, headache, palpitations, generalized flushes, polydipsia, pruritis, and opisthotonos. Clinical presentations suggested pheochromocytoma. [pediatrics.aappublications.org]

• Hypersalivation

  With battery ingestion, one would expect signs of inorganic mercury exposure, such as hypersalivation and vomiting, rather than signs of organic mercury poisoning. One major risk factor for mercury toxicity is industrial contamination. [emedicine.com]

• Photophobia

  Symptoms include raw-beef hands and feet, superficial sensory loss, photophobia, tachycardia, muscular hypotonia, changes in temperament, stomatitis, periodontitis, and premature loss of teeth. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

  A syndrome caused almost exclusively in the past by mercury poisoning : in children, characterized by erythema of the extremities, chest, and nose, gastrointestinal symptoms and by polyneuritis (in Japan); in adults, characterized by anorexia, photophobia [medicine.academic.ru]

  A syndrome caused almost exclusively by mercury poisoning in children and gastrointestinal symptoms, in adults, by anorexia, photophobia, sweating, and tachycardia (fast heart beat). 3. [wordinfo.info]

  The symptoms of irritability, photophobia (sensitivity to light), pink discoloration of the hands and feet, and polyneuritis (inflammation involving 2 or more nerves) can be attributed to chronic exposure to mercury. [drstandley.com]

  pink rash involving the toes, soles of the feet, fingers and palms of the hands, which may be followed by skin peeling (3) red color to the cheeks and tip of the nose (4) failure to thrive (5) anorexia (6) generalized miliaria-type skin rashes (7) photophobia [meducator3.net]

• Sweating

  A syndrome caused almost exclusively by mercury poisoning: in children, characterized by erythema of the extremities, chest, and nose, polyneuritis, and gastrointestinal symptoms; in adults, by anorexia, photophobia, sweating, and tachycardia. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

  Medical attention was sought for a 23-month-old toddler because of anorexia, weight loss, irritability, profuse sweating, peeling and redness of his fingers and toes, and a miliarial rash. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  A syndrome caused almost exclusively by mercury poisoning in children and gastrointestinal symptoms, in adults, by anorexia, photophobia, sweating, and tachycardia (fast heart beat). 3. [wordinfo.info]

  Abstract Medical attention was sought for a 23-month-old toddler because of anorexia, weight loss, irritability, profuse sweating, peeling and redness of his fingers and toes, and a miliarial rash. [pediatrics.aappublications.org]

  […] ulceration of the gums (9) behavioral changes, with listlessness, shyness, outbursts and irritability (10) insomnia (11) excessive catecholamine stimulation (due to inhibition of the enzyme converting catecholamines to metanephrine) with: (11a) profuse sweating [meducator3.net]

• Dermatitis

  Definitions from The Century Dictionary. noun An epidemic disease characterized by disturbances in the alimentary canal (vomiting, colic, diarrhea), by nervous symptoms (especially pain in the extremities), sometimes by cramp or anæsthesia, and by a dermatitis [wordnik.com]

  An epidemic disease characterized by disturbances in the alimentary canal (vomiting, colic, diarrhea), by nervous symptoms (especially pain in the extremities), sometimes by cramp or anæsthesia, and by a dermatitis affecting the hands and feet. [wordgamedictionary.com]

  […] gastroenteritis Nausea, metallic taste, gingivo-stomatitis, tremor, neurasthenia, nephrotic syndrome; hypersensitivity (Pink disease) Background exposure "normal" limits: 10 µg/L (whole blood); 20 µg/L (24-h urine) BAL Succimer DMPS (Europe) Nickel Dermatitis [emedicine.com]

  Symptoms of inorganic mercury poisoning include: skin conditions (rashes and dermatitis) breathing problems mood changes problems with memory mental health issues reduction in muscle strength. [betterhealth.vic.gov.au]

• Flushing

  Children may experience acrodynia, which is characterized by pink-colored palms and soles of the feet, excessive sweating, flushing, itching, joint pain, rashes, swelling, weakness, irritability, worry, and trouble sleeping (ATSDR 1999). [freethesaurus.com]

  Did two Liver Flushes after the last filling removal. Also make sure to get magnesium and Selenium while chelating and even BEFORE The fillings are removed. People with mercury poisoning are more in need of selenium and magnesium than other people. [curezone.org]

  For exposure through skin contact, the following treatment measures may be employed: Removal from the toxic source of exposure Flushing of the eyes with water, if the eyes or skin are acutely exposed Antibiotic creams to avoid secondary infections in [dovemed.com]

  Other presenting complaints or findings in 1 or 2 patients included insomnia, tremor, back pain, headache, palpitations, generalized flushes, polydipsia, pruritis, and opisthotonos. Clinical presentations suggested pheochromocytoma. [pediatrics.aappublications.org]

• Alopecia

  Alopecia and nail loss have also been reported. What is the treatment of acrodynia? The goal of treatment is to remove the mercury and correct any fluid or electrolyte imbalances. [dermnetnz.org]

  Alopecia (hair loss) has also been noted. Nail loss is also noted. DISCLAIMER: **This web site's goal is to provide you with information that may be useful in attaining optimal health. Nothing in it is meant as a prescription or as medical advice. [drstandley.com]

  Mees lines, residual neurologic symptoms Alopecia, neuropathy Toxic: >3 µg/L (blood) MDAC Prussian blue Zinc MFF (oxide fumes); vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain (ingestion) Copper deficiency: anemia, neurologic degeneration, osteoporosis Normal range [emedicine.com]

  The complications of Acrodynia could include: Weakening of the gums leading to loss of teeth Early hair loss (alopecia) Loss of fingernail and toenail Chronic mercury exposure leads to kidney failure Skin sensitization through chronic skin exposure resulting [dovemed.com]

• Skin Rash

  […] the toes, soles of the feet, fingers and palms of the hands, which may be followed by skin peeling (3) red color to the cheeks and tip of the nose (4) failure to thrive (5) anorexia (6) generalized miliaria-type skin rashes (7) photophobia (8) loss of [meducator3.net]

  Infections of the central nervous system (encephalitis and poliomyelitis) Symptoms - Skin rashes (usually manifest from December to May) are accompanied by pain and severe itching - There is a profuse sweating - There are neuropsychic abnormalities - [en.med-directory.com]

  Symptoms include generalized skin rash, pruritus, edema, painful extremities that appear pink, profuse sweating, clammy skin, scarlet-colored cheeks and nose, photophobia, polyneuritis, digestive problems, irritable episodes that alternate with apathetic [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

  […] can become cranky and show aggressive behavior Other signs and symptoms of Acrodynia may include: Increased heart rate (tachycardia) Excessive sweating (which may lead to frequent skin infection) Increased blood pressure Hair loss Skin rashes that come [dovemed.com]

• Irritability

  Many times I will cry so much that the very next day my eyes burns with irritation and pain. Is all this normal? I think I am getting bipolar. A. I would suggest going to your doctor and asking to speak to someone. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

  Symptoms of acrodynia include irritability, insomnia, loss of appetite, loosening of teeth, inflammation of the mouth, and… Read More [britannica.com]

  A slit lamp examination of the eyes was attempted to look for presence of malt brown reflex from the anterior lens capsule, but it failed as the child was extremely irritable and uncooperative. [ijdvl.com]

  Among children, prolonged exposure to inorganic mercury also might cause acrodynia, irritability, anorexia, and poor muscle tone (4). [freethesaurus.com]

  Clinical features include pain, swelling and pinkish discoloration of the fingers and toes, weakness in the extremities, extreme irritability, HYPERESTHESIA, and alterations in level of consciousness. ( From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed [medical-dictionary.cc]

• Polyneuropathy

  Called also erythredema polyneuropathy and pink disease. ac·ro·dyn·i·a ( ak-rō-din'ē-ă ), 1. Pain in peripheral or acral parts of the body. 2. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

  Acrodynia, also known as pink disease, erythredema polyneuropathy, Feer syndrome, and raw-beef hands and feet, is thought to be a toxic reaction to elemental mercury and less commonly to organic and inorganic forms. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  The condition is known by a large number of other names including Pink's disease, hydrargyria, mercurialism, erythredema, erythredema polyneuropathy, Bilderbeck's, Selter's, Swift's and Swift-Feer disease. U.S. [definitions.net]

  Infantile acrodynia (also known as "calomel disease", "erythredemic polyneuropathy", and "pink disease") is a type of mercury poisoning in children characterized by pain and pink discoloration of the hands and feet. [diki.pl]

  A condition seen primarily in childhood, most often resulting from chronic exposure to MERCURY COMPOUNDS which may result in encephalopathy and POLYNEUROPATHY. [profiles.umassmed.edu]

• Insomnia

  Symptoms of acrodynia include irritability, insomnia, loss of appetite, loosening of teeth, inflammation of the mouth, and… Read More [britannica.com]

  ˌak-rō-ˈdin-ē-ə \ Medical Definition of acrodynia : a disease of infants and young children that is an allergic reaction to mercury, is characterized by dusky pink discoloration of hands and feet with local swelling and intense itching, and is accompanied by insomnia [merriam-webster.com]

  […] cheeks and tip of the nose (4) failure to thrive (5) anorexia (6) generalized miliaria-type skin rashes (7) photophobia (8) loss of teeth with ulceration of the gums (9) behavioral changes, with listlessness, shyness, outbursts and irritability (10) insomnia [meducator3.net]

  […] pain ] * * * ac·ro·dyn·ia .ak-rō-'din-ē-ə n a disease of infants and young children that is an allergic reaction to mercury, is characterized by dusky pink discoloration of hands and feet with local swelling and intense itching, and is accompanied by insomnia [medicine.academic.ru]

  Fanconi syndrome) or neuropsychiatric symptoms (emotional lability, memory impairment, insomnia). Thus, the clinical presentation may resemble pheochromocytoma or Kawasaki disease. [en.wikipedia.org]

• Encephalopathy

  Diabetes, hypopigmentation/ hyperkeratosis, cancer: lung, bladder, skin, encephalopathy 24-h urine: ≥50 µg/L urine, or 100 µg/g creatinine BAL (acute, symptomatic) Succimer DMPS (Europe) Bismuth Renal failure; acute tubular necrosis Diffuse myoclonic [emedicine.com]

  A condition seen primarily in childhood, most often resulting from chronic exposure to MERCURY COMPOUNDS which may result in encephalopathy and POLYNEUROPATHY. [profiles.umassmed.edu]

  A condition seen primarily in childhood, most often resulting from chronic exposure to MERCURY COMPOUNDS which may result in ENCEPHALOPATHY and POLYNEUROPATHY. [medical-dictionary.cc]

  Swift's Disease Swifts Disease Tree Number: C10.668.829.025 C10.720.475.600.150 C25.723.522.875.500.100 Definition English : A condition seen primarily in childhood, most often resulting from chronic exposure to MERCURY COMPOUNDS which may result in encephalopathy [decs.bvs.br]

  National Library of Medicine (0.00 / 0 votes) Rate this definition: Acrodynia A condition seen primarily in childhood, most often resulting from chronic exposure to MERCURY COMPOUNDS which may result in encephalopathy and POLYNEUROPATHY. [definitions.net]

• Paresthesia

  In children, mercury toxicity may result in the rare syndrome of acrodynia, which is characterized by severe leg cramps, irritability, paresthesia, excessive perspiration, pruritus, and painful redness and peeling of the palms of the hands and soles of [freethesaurus.com]

  Besides peripheral neuropathy (presenting as paresthesia or itching, burning or pain) and discoloration, swelling (edema) and desquamation may occur. [en.wikipedia.org]

  Symptoms [ edit ] Besides peripheral neuropathy (presenting as paresthesia or itching, burning or pain ) and discoloration, swelling ( edema ) and desquamation may occur. [mashpedia.com]

  […] encephalopathy Occupational (inhaled): pulmonary fibrosis, reduced sperm count, nasopharyngeal tumors Excessive exposure: ≥8 µg/L (blood) Severe poisoning: ≥500 µg/L (8-h urine) * Selenium Caustic burns, pneumonitis, hypotension Brittle hair and nails, red skin, paresthesia [emedicine.com]

Removal of the inciting agent is the goal of treatment. Correcting fluid and electrolyte losses and rectifying any nutritional imbalances (vitamin-rich diets, vitamin-B complex) are of utmost importance in the treatment of the disease. [en.wikipedia.org]

The treatment for Acrodynia is determined based on the severity of the symptoms and the mode of toxic exposure. Generally, there is no specific treatment for a chronic exposure. [dovemed.com]

Correcting fluid and electrolyte losses and rectifying any nutritional imbalances (vitamin-rich diets, vitamin-B complex) are of utmost importance in the treatment of the disease. [mashpedia.com]

What is the treatment of acrodynia? The goal of treatment is to remove the mercury and correct any fluid or electrolyte imbalances. [dermnetnz.org]

In most cases, with a timely-appointed adequate treatment, the prognosis is quite favorable, but in severe cases (extremely rare) a lethal outcome is possible. [en.med-directory.com]

[…] have excellent prognosis. [dovemed.com]

In most cases, with a timely-appointed adequate treatment, the prognosis is quite favorable, but in severe cases (extremely rare) a lethal outcome is possible. [en.med-directory.com]

Prognosis Symptoms gradually disappear as insidiously as they began. Recovery is complete in the vast majority of patients. Older children tend to have less morbidity. Death can result in 10% of cases. [emedicine.com]

As far as the physician was concerned, however, it remained an enigma until recently; completely obscure with respect to etiology and recalcitrant to all forms of therapy, though many different agents were proposed. [pediatrics.aappublications.org]

Abstract A superantigen or autoimmunity has been hypothesized to be the main cause of the Kawasaki's Disease but the etiology is unknown. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Journal/Publication/Source: Abstract/Excerpt: "Abstract: A superantigen or autoimmunity has been hypothesized to be the main cause of the Kawasaki's Disease but the etiology is unknown. [library.iaomt.org]

Acrodynia is a disease of the nervous system of an unclear etiology that is characterized by behavioral changes, up to pronounced mental disorders. [en.med-directory.com]

Consideration should be given to other possible etiologies, such as infection (for example, streptococcus, staphylococcus, Epstein-Barr virus, adenovirus, measles, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, or leptospirosis), drug reaction (for example, to antibiotics [freethesaurus.com]

Medical literature, epidemiological findings, and some case reports have suggested that mercury may play a pathogenic role. Several patients with Kawasaki's Disease have presented with elevated urine mercury levels compared to matched controls. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Epidemiology Frequency United States Acrodynia was once widely prevalent; however, it is rare today, owing to the discontinued use of mercury in different preparations. International Acrodynia was especially common in Australia. [emedicine.com]

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: The most frequent sources of mercury prior to the legislated removal of the heavy metal from these preparations were calomel-containing anthelminthics, laxatives, diaper rinses, teething powders, fungicides in paint, repeated gamma-globulin [drstandley.com]

Pathophysiology The most frequent sources of mercury prior to the legislated removal of the heavy metal from these preparations were calomel-containing anthelminthics, laxatives, diaper rinses, teething powders, fungicides in paint, repeated gamma-globulin [emedicine.com]

Pathophysiology of essential hypertension. In: Massry SG, Glassock RJ, eds. Textbook of Nephrology. 3rd ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins; 1998:1169 ↵ Table 1. [pediatrics.aappublications.org]

[…] these articles: example of mercury poisoning In mercury poisoning …children, a disorder known as acrodynia, or “pink disease,” is believed to be caused by an organic mercury compound, phenylmercuric propionate, which is incorporated into house paints to prevent [britannica.com]

The presented pathogenetic model may lead to new preventive- and therapeutic strategies for Kawasaki's disease. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Acrodynia may be prevented by eliminating exposure to sources of mercury and other heavy metals. The following points may be considered towards preventing poisoning by these chemical compounds. [dovemed.com]

The presented pathogenetic model may lead to new preventive- and therapeutic strategies for Kawasaki's disease." Citation: Mutter J, Yeter D. Kawasaki's disease, acrodynia, and mercury. Curr Med Chem. 2008; 15(28):3000-10. [library.iaomt.org]

It can almost completely prevent methylmercury uptake by erythrocytes and hepatocytes. In the past, dimercaprol (British antilewisite; 2,3-dimer-capto-l-propanol) and D-penicillamine were the most popular treatment modalities. [en.wikipedia.org]