A comprehensive textbook of adult emergency medicine for trainee doctors - covers all the problems likely to present to a trainee in the emergency department. [books.google.de]

Prolonged hypertension may present a cardiovascular risk. Use benzodiazepine sedation (nonspecific sympatholysis) to initially manage hypertension, if present. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Nicotine Intoxication presentation restlessness, insomnia, anxiety, arrhythmias treatment no specific treatment symptomatic treatment only Withdrawal presentation irritability, headache, anxiety, weight gain, craving treatment for cessation pharmacologic [medbullets.com]

Patient [ 11 ] presented to the ER department with marked tachycardia, tremors, flushing and coma. The last case of acute accidental toxicity in pediatric patient [ 12 ] presented with aponea, irritability, somnolence and hallucinations. [omicsonline.org]

• Hyperthermia

  Crystalline methamphetamine hydrochloride Smoked, insufflated, or injected Rapid onset; duration several hours “Crank” “Ecstasy” (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, MDMA, XTC, E, Molly): Often used at dances and “rave” parties Dehydration can lead to hyperthermia [emergency.unboundmedicine.com]

  In addition, animal studies suggest that haloperidol can antagonize amphetamine-induced hyperthermia. [emedicine.medscape.com]

  Toxicity is managed with supportive care, including IV benzodiazepines (for agitation, hypertension, and seizures) and cooling techniques (for hyperthermia). There is no stereotypical withdrawal syndrome. [merckmanuals.com]

  […] evaluation and aggressive management of the agitation, hypertension, and hyperthermia is indicated. [calsprogram.org]

  Uncontrolled agitation can cause hyperthermia (>41.41 deg C); sedation with benzodiazepines may be required in the agitated hyperthermic patient. [brainprotips.com]

• Weight Loss

  loss psychomotor agitation or retardation muscular weakness, respiratory depression, chest pain, or cardiac arrhythmias confusion, seizures, dyskinesias, dystonias, or coma D. [dsm.wikia.com]

  Reseach has found that most use and abuse of amphetamines was started with the intent to aid them with weight loss. Others have been introduced through illegal drug experimentation. [courses.lumenlearning.com]

  Weight loss. Repetitive motor activity. Formication (sensory hallucination of insects crawling on/under skin, leading to obsessive scratching) and ulceration. [patient.info]

  Prolonged use of amphetamines can lead to malnutrition and vitamin deficiencies, skin disorders, ulcers, lack of sleep, weight loss and depression. [erowid.org]

  Memory loss and difficulty sleeping may be permanent. Skin changes and tooth loss are permanent unless the person has cosmetic surgery to correct the problems. Further disability may occur if the person had a heart attack or a stroke. [medlineplus.gov]

• Fever

  Honestly, I think its the fever that gives the answer away. Other than that, I was going Cocaine, all the way. I think its an unfair question, asking you if "binge for days" or "fever" is more specific. [forums.studentdoctor.net]

  In the case of a high fever, research into amphetamine toxicity emphasizes the importance of cooling the body first. [mentalhelp.net]

  […] hyperkalemia Avoid physical restraints in agitated patients if possible Consider associated emergency conditions: Patients with chest pain should be evaluated for acute coronary syndromes and treated accordingly Consider infection in altered patients with fever [emergency.unboundmedicine.com]

  Radiated to the left of the chest and through to the back Associated with shortness of breath, sweating and nausea No cough, fever, haemoptysis Had some numbness in all 4 limbs, which may have been slightly worse in the left arm and leg than the right [slideshare.net]

  He had a history of restlessness and vomiting for 10 hours and was admitted to hospital with mild fever (38°C), pulse rate of 140 per minute and respiratory rate of 34 per minute. [inchem.org]

• Pallor

  Finally, child number [ 8 ] presented at admission a picture characterized by abnormal movement, abnormal behavior and pallor followed by acute episodes of generalized irritability, a few seconds long. [omicsonline.org]

• Rigor

  […] reported after amphetamine inhalation (Brust, 1993). 9.4.3 Neurological 9.4.3.1 Central nervous system (CNS) Main symptoms include agitation, confusion, delirium, hallucinations, dizziness, dyskinesia, hyperactivity, muscle fasciculation and rigidity, rigors [inchem.org]

• Tachypnea

  Signs and symptoms of amphetamine toxicity include dry mouth, hyperthermia, dilated pupils, tachypnea, with increased alertness and energy. Some patients may also complain of chest pain and palpitations. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Nausea

  Within one hour of use, at least two of the following physical symptoms: tachycardia pupillary dilation elevated blood pressure perspiration or chills nausea or vomiting D. [dsm.wikia.com]

  Clinical Course Shortly after ingestion, patients may suffer nausea, vomiting, and malaise. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

  Two or more of the following, developing during, or shortly after, use of amphetamine or a related substance: tachycardia or bradycardia pupillary dilation elevated or lowered blood pressure perspiration or chills nausea or vomiting evidence of weight [courses.lumenlearning.com]

  Nausea. Vomiting. Aggression. Confusion. Seizures. Coma. Death. An amphetamine overdose is a serious medical emergency, and often indicates the presence of a serious underlying substance use disorder. [projectknow.com]

  […] are as follows: Change of mental status, disorientation, and headache Dyskinesias Agitation Formication Symptoms of stroke Cardiovascular manifestations are as follows: Chest pain Palpitations Gastrointestinal manifestations are as follows: Dry mouth Nausea [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Vomiting

  This condition is marked by brown stains on the lips and mouth; burning pain in the mouth, throat, and stomach; vomiting (blue vomit if the stomach contained starches, otherwise yellow vomit); bloody diarrhea. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

  Within one hour of use, at least two of the following physical symptoms: tachycardia pupillary dilation elevated blood pressure perspiration or chills nausea or vomiting D. [dsm.wikia.com]

  Two or more of the following, developing during, or shortly after, use of amphetamine or a related substance: tachycardia or bradycardia pupillary dilation elevated or lowered blood pressure perspiration or chills nausea or vomiting evidence of weight [courses.lumenlearning.com]

  The symptoms of cannabis intoxication include nausea, vomiting, dry mouth, thirst, hyperorexia, pale skin and conjunctival hyperemia. [omicsonline.org]

  If possible, turn their head to the side in case they vomit. DO NOT try to stop their arms and legs from shaking, or put anything in their mouth. [medlineplus.gov]

• Diarrhea

  Symptoms Nausea, salivation, abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, sweating, dizziness, and mental confusion. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

  Gastrointestinal symptoms include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal cramps. Fatal poisoning is usually preceded by convulsions and coma. Treatment Consult with a Certified Poison Control Center for up-to-date guidance and advice. [erowid.org]

  Tachycardia, arrhythmias, chest pain, hypertension, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea can occur. CNS effects include acute delirium and toxic psychosis. [merckmanuals.com]

  Diarrhea. Stomach cramps. In rare cases, an overdose can be fatal. According to the FDA, convulsions or coma usually precede death in these cases. [mentalhelp.net]

  Accidental opiate toxicity in pediatric patient represent in two cases one had 1 day male newborn with transplacental exposure of morphine from an addicted opiate mother and represented with meiosis, irritability diarrhea and hypoglycemia as a result [omicsonline.org]

• Loss of Appetite

  Some of the immediate effects of amphetamines include: a burst of energy, making the user talkative, restless and excited accelerated heart rate and breathing high-blood pressure dry mouth and jaw clenching sweating dilated pupils loss of appetite. [betterhealth.vic.gov.au]

  They include abdominal pain, acne, blurred vision, excessive grinding of the teeth, profuse sweating, dry mouth, loss of appetite, nausea, reduced seizure threshold, tics, and weight loss. [omicsonline.org]

  Early symptoms include loss of appetite, weight loss, anemia, vomiting, fatigue, weakness, headache, lead line on gums, apathy or irritability, and a metallic taste in the mouth. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

• Bruxism

  […] may result in uncontrolled hypertension) or phenytoin (potential cardiac adverse effects) Clinical manifestations of psychostimulant toxicity acute toxicity cardiovascular CNS agitation, panic states, paranoia, euphoria, hallucinations and psychosis, bruxism [ozemedicine.com]

  Acute Complications - Neurological Movement disorders - Increased muscle tone or repetitive movements e.g. bruxism/choreoathetoid movement - Treat with PO/VIV benzodiazepines Seizures - Treat with PO/VIV benzodiazepines - Consider barbituates as a second [slideshare.net]

  […] doses produce tachycardia and other dysrhythmias, including ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation Hypertensive crisis or vasospasm may lead to stroke Central nervous system findings are as follows: Increased alertness Euphoria Confusion or agitation Bruxism [emedicine.medscape.com]

  General Diaphoresis Malnourishment, on average methamphetamine users have lower BMI Disheveled appearance Head, eyes, ears, nose, throat Minimally reactive mydriasis Bruxism Trismus Mucosal injury/burns Poor dentation/tooth decay (“meth mouth”) Dental [cancertherapyadvisor.com]

• Hypertension

  Hypertension that does not respond to benzodiazepines is treated with nitrates (occasionally nitroprusside ) or other antihypertensives as needed, depending on the severity of the hypertension. [merckmanuals.com]

  Hypertension Hypertension is generally controlled with benzodiazepines; refractory hypertension may require the antihypertensives nitroprusside or phentolamine. [brainprotips.com]

  […] crisis: Initially administer benzodiazepines if agitated α-Blocker (phentolamine) as second-line agent Nitroprusside for severe, unresponsive hypertension Avoid β-blockers, which may exacerbate hypertension Agitation, acute psychosis: Administer benzodiazepines [emergency.unboundmedicine.com]

  hypertension is often transient and does not usually require Rx unless severe. avoid beta blockers as blockade of beta 2 receptor which mediates skeletal vasodilatation may result in uncontrolled hypertension in a setting of unopposed alpha stimulation [ozemedicine.com]

  Drug treatment of hypertensive emergencies. UpToDat e. Version 16.1, 2008. http://www.uptodate.com/contents/drug-treatment-of-hypertensive-emergencies?source=search_result&selectedTitle=1%7E150 Accessed May 21, 2008. [calsprogram.org]

• Tachycardia

  Diaphoresis Mydriasis Severe intoxication characterized by: Tachycardia HTN Hyperthermia Agitated delirium Seizures Diaphoresis Hypotension and respiratory distress may precede cardiovascular collapse Evaluate for associated conditions: Cellulitis and [emergency.unboundmedicine.com]

  Benzodiazepines are the drug of choice for controlling anxiety, agitation, hypertension, and tachycardia. [cancertherapyadvisor.com]

  Within one hour of use, at least two of the following physical symptoms: tachycardia pupillary dilation elevated blood pressure perspiration or chills nausea or vomiting D. [dsm.wikia.com]

  Beta-blockers (eg, metoprolol 2 to 5 mg IV) may be used for severe ventricular arrhythmias or tachycardia. [merckmanuals.com]

• Chest Pain

  Case Study Complaining of sudden onset of severe left sided chest pain, both dull and sharp. [slideshare.net]

  pain, or cardiac arrhythmias confusion, seizures, dyskinesias, dystonias, or coma D. [dsm.wikia.com]

  Individuals who have used psychostimulants and soon after experience symptoms of chest pain, rapidly increasing body temperature, psychotic features (hallucinations, severe paranoia, delusions or thought disorder), severe agitation or uncontrollable behavioural [health.gov.au]

  pain should be evaluated for acute coronary syndromes and treated accordingly Consider infection in altered patients with fever and history of IV drug use Methamphetamine abuse frequently associated with traumatic injury Benzodiazepines are first-line [emergency.unboundmedicine.com]

  Thus, chest pain associated with methamphetamine use should be evaluated as a possible acute coronary syndrome with the obtaining of ECGs and cardiac enzymes. Management is similar to chest pain management associated with cocaine ingestion. [calsprogram.org]

• Orthostatic Hypotension

  Tachycardia, palpitations, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and orthostatic hypotension are also reported. 21,22 Although cannabis use is associated with psychotic disorders, acute cannabis toxicity is rarely serious, and symptoms usually resolve within [racgp.org.au]

  The most consistent cardiac change is an increased resting heart rate, although orthostatic hypotension may occur. [ijaweb.org]

• Muscle Cramp

  Soon after CPR, he developed extreme hypertension above 200 mmHg accompanied with excess sweating, muscle cramp, hyperpyrexia above 40℃, rhabdomyolysis, myoglobinemia and acute renal failure. [ci.nii.ac.jp]

  Following amphetamine intoxication, a "crash" occurs with symptoms of anxiety, shakiness, depressed mood, lethargy, fatigue, nightmares, headache, perspiring, muscle cramps, stomach cramps, and increased appetite. [minddisorders.com]

  Following amphetamine intoxication, a “crash” occurs with symptoms of anxiety, shakiness, depressed mood, lethargy, fatigue, nightmares, headache, perspiring, muscle cramps, stomach cramps, and increased appetite. [encyclopedia.com]

  Prescribed anticonvulsants are administered as necessary to control seizures (often severe and protracted), an antiemetic for nausea and vomiting, an antispasmodic for muscle cramps, and analgesics and muscle relaxants for muscle and joint pain. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

• Muscle Twitch

  twitching Risky sexual behavior Amphetamines are meant to produce short-term, immediate effects on the user. [projectknow.com]

  Caffeine Mechanism adenosine antagonist → decreased GABA activity (wakefulness) Intoxication presentation restlessness, insomnia diuresis muscle twitching cardiac arrhythmias treatment no specific treatment symptomatic treatment only Withdrawal presentation [medbullets.com]

• Formication

  Central nervous system manifestations are as follows: Change of mental status, disorientation, and headache Dyskinesias Agitation Formication Symptoms of stroke Cardiovascular manifestations are as follows: Chest pain Palpitations Gastrointestinal manifestations [emedicine.medscape.com]

  Formication (sensory hallucination of insects crawling on/under skin, leading to obsessive scratching) and ulceration. [patient.info]

  Formication —The sensation of bugs creeping on the skin. Hyperthermia —Elevated body temperature resulting from ingestion of amphetamines. Methamphetamine —The most common illegally produced amphetamine. [encyclopedia.com]

  […] develop anxiety or paranoid ideas, also with the possibility of experiencing terrifying psychotic episodes that resemble schizophrenia, with visual or auditory hallucinations, delusions such as the sensation of insects creeping on the skin, known as "formication [minddisorders.com]

• Blurred Vision

  vision Chest pain Hallucinations Unrealistic ideas of personal ability and power Convulsions Malnutrition Skin disorders Amphetamine-caused psychosis Some people who abused this drug would wear themselves out with amphetamine binges, taking the drug [narconon.org]

  Unpleasant physical symptoms include heart palpitations, headaches, dizziness, blurred vision and loss of coordination. [betterhealth.vic.gov.au]

  Inhalants Mechanism unknown Intoxication presentation belligerence, assaultiveness apathy, impaired judgement blurred vision, coma treatment no specific treatment antipsychotics (haloperidol) if severe aggression Withdrawal not well characterized, no [medbullets.com]

  They include abdominal pain, acne, blurred vision, excessive grinding of the teeth, profuse sweating, dry mouth, loss of appetite, nausea, reduced seizure threshold, tics, and weight loss. [omicsonline.org]

  Other symptoms include fatigue, drowsiness, general muscle weakness, and visual disturbances such as blurring of vision, yellow-green or white halos around visual images, light flashes, photophobia, and diplopia. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

• Photophobia

  Other symptoms include fatigue, drowsiness, general muscle weakness, and visual disturbances such as blurring of vision, yellow-green or white halos around visual images, light flashes, photophobia, and diplopia. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

• Diplopia

  Other symptoms include fatigue, drowsiness, general muscle weakness, and visual disturbances such as blurring of vision, yellow-green or white halos around visual images, light flashes, photophobia, and diplopia. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

• Euphoria

  Amphetamine Intoxication generally begins with a "high" feelings, followed by the development of symptoms such as euphoria with enhanced vigor, gregariousness, hyperactivity, restlessness, hypervigilance, interpersonal sensitivity, talkativeness, anxiety [dsm.wikia.com]

  Symptoms and Signs Many psychologic effects of amphetamines are similar to those of cocaine ; they include increased alertness and concentration, euphoria, and feelings of well-being and grandiosity. [merckmanuals.com]

  Increased dopamine levels at synapses in the CNS may be responsible for movement disorders [5], schizophrenia, and euphoria. Serotonergic signals may play a role in the hallucinogenic and anorexic [6] aspects of these drugs. [emedicine.medscape.com]

  It is this excessive dopamine concentration that appears to produce the stimulation and feelings of euphoria experienced by the user. [minddisorders.com]

• Delusion

  Individuals who have used psychostimulants and soon after experience symptoms of chest pain, rapidly increasing body temperature, psychotic features (hallucinations, severe paranoia, delusions or thought disorder), severe agitation or uncontrollable behavioural [health.gov.au]

  Tachycardia and increased alertness diminish, but hallucinations and delusions may occur. Amphetamines typically cause erectile dysfunction in men but enhance sexual desire. [merckmanuals.com]

  In such cases, symptoms of amphetamine psychosis commonly include paranoid and persecutory delusions as well as auditory and visual hallucinations in the presence of extreme agitation. [cochrane.org]

  The patient may have delusions such as feeling like there are insects crawling under their skin. The person may have issues with the law naturally due to the illegal nature of amphetamines. Their family and work life may suffer as well. [courses.lumenlearning.com]

  The psychosis is manifested by hallucinations, delusions, and paranoia. Bizarre, sometime violent, behavior is exhibited by those with amphetamine psychosis. Symptoms usually disappear within a few weeks after drug use stops. [erowid.org]

• Aggressive Behavior

  Psychologically there may be some impairments of sociability and judgement There may be hostile or aggressive behavior depending on how much amphetamines were ingested. [courses.lumenlearning.com]

  In a significant numbers of users, aggressive behavior and hallucinations may occur over time. 2 Anytime a user takes high doses of amphetamines, there is a serious risk of overdose. [projectknow.com]

  Gettig et al described symptoms of methamphetamine abuse as “agitation; aggressive behavior; rapid mood swings; hypertension; tachycardia; and eventually lesion-marked skin, clinical depression, and paranoid psychosis” Reviewing drug-related deaths in [idmu.co.uk]

  Aggressive or violent behavior may occur, especially when high doses are ingested. [minddisorders.com]

• Auditory Hallucination

  Visual, sensory and auditory hallucinations. Mood disturbance. Weight loss. Repetitive motor activity. Formication (sensory hallucination of insects crawling on/under skin, leading to obsessive scratching) and ulceration. [patient.info]

  The individual may develop anxiety or paranoid ideas, also with the possibility of experiencing terrifying psychotic episodes that resemble schizophrenia, with visual or auditory hallucinations, delusions such as the sensation of insects creeping on the [minddisorders.com]

  Individuals may develop anxiety or paranoid ideas, also with the possibility of experiencing terrifying psychotic episodes that resemble schizophrenia, with visual or auditory hallucinations, delusions such as the sensation of insects creeping on the [encyclopedia.com]

  Habitual use or chronic abuse usually results in toxic psychosis classically characterised by paranoia, delusions and hallucinations, which are usually visual, tactile or olfactory in nature, in contrast to the typical auditory hallucinations of schizophrenia [inchem.org]

  Intense intoxication may cause paranoid ideation, auditory hallucinations in a clear sensorium, and tactile hallucinations (e.g., formication or a feeling of bugs under the skin). Extreme anger with violence may occur. [mentalhealth.com]

• Stereotyped Behavior

  Clinically significant maladaptive behavioral or psychological changes (e.g., euphoria or affective blunting; changes in sociability; hypervigilance; interpersonal sensitivity; anxiety, tension, or anger; stereotyped behaviors; impaired judgement; or [dsm.wikia.com]

  Clinically significant maladaptive behavior or psychological changes (e.g. euporia or affective blunting; changes is sociability; hypervigilance;interpersonal sensitivity; anxiety; tension, or anger; stereotyped behaviors; impaired social or occupational [courses.lumenlearning.com]

  Amphetamine Intoxication causes significant psychological and social impairment (e.g., euphoria or emotional blunting; gregariousness; hypervigilance; interpersonal sensitivity; anxiety, tension or anger; stereotyped behaviors; impaired judgment; or impaired [mentalhealth.com]

• Sexual Dysfunction

  Psychological Complications Chronic use can cause: chaotic behavior, social isolation, aggressive behavior, sexual dysfunction, legal problems, depression, social and occupational failure. High-dose use causes psychotic episodes. [mentalhealth.com]

• Agitation

  Anxiety and agitation Cardiovascular collapse has been precipitated by severe agitation requiring physical restraints. [cancertherapyadvisor.com]

  Patients with severe hyperthermia (temperature >104°F) associated with psychomotor agitation may require immediate neuromuscular paralysis to rapidly decrease temperature. [emedicine.medscape.com]

  […] α-Blocker (phentolamine) as second-line agent Nitroprusside for severe, unresponsive hypertension Avoid β-blockers, which may exacerbate hypertension Agitation, acute psychosis: Administer benzodiazepines Hyperthermia: Benzodiazepines if agitated Active [emergency.unboundmedicine.com]

  Sedation for Control of Agitation Extreme agitation in acutely intoxicated methamphetamine users may pose a significant danger to staff, other patients, as well as patients themselves. Thus, immediate control of severe agitation is essential. [calsprogram.org]

• Seizure

  haloperidol rarely is associated with seizures (minimal effects on seizure threshold). [emedicine.medscape.com]

  […] in home labs Does not show up on urine toxicology screens Mephedrone May be contained in “bath salts” Diagnosis CNS: Agitation Delirium Hyperactivity Tremors Dizziness Mydriasis Headache Choreoathetoid movements Hyperreflexia Cerebrovascular accident Seizures [emergency.unboundmedicine.com]

  Toxicity is managed with supportive care, including IV benzodiazepines (for agitation, hypertension, and seizures) and cooling techniques (for hyperthermia). There is no stereotypical withdrawal syndrome. [merckmanuals.com]

  Treat methamphetamine-induced seizures as seizures of unknown etiology. ( Vol III—NEU1 Status Epilepticus) For refractory seizures, consider propofol 2.5 mg/kg followed by 0.2 mg/kg/min IV drip. [calsprogram.org]

• Hyperactivity

  Despite being dangerous, amphetamines are used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and narcolepsy. This type of treatment is not registered in the European Union, however, because of its potential for the development of addiction. [dlib.si]

  “cat,” “Jeff,” “mulka”): Derivative of cathinone, found in the evergreen tree Catha edulis Frequently synthesized in home labs Does not show up on urine toxicology screens Mephedrone May be contained in “bath salts” Diagnosis CNS: Agitation Delirium Hyperactivity [emergency.unboundmedicine.com]

  […] or Hypotension Difficult or labored breathing (Dyspnea) Agitation Hallucinations Psychosis Seizures Rapid or slow heart beat (tachycardia or bradycardia) Hyperthermia The hyperthermia that occurs frequently during MA overdose can be due to muscular hyperactivity [methoide.fcm.arizona.edu]

  Amphetamine Intoxication generally begins with a "high" feelings, followed by the development of symptoms such as euphoria with enhanced vigor, gregariousness, hyperactivity, restlessness, hypervigilance, interpersonal sensitivity, talkativeness, anxiety [dsm.wikia.com]

  The physical exam findings may include altered mental status, hyperactivity, agitation, confusion, and gross psychosis with paranoia requiring chemical and physical restraints. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Stroke

  Gain fresh perspectives and up-to-date insights from the world’s leading authorities on the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of stroke. [books.google.de]

  A CT scan of the head will be required for altered mental status or patients with seizures to rule out any intracranial hemorrhages or stroke. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Confusion

  […] or bradycardia pupillary dilation elevated or lowered blood pressure perspiration or chills nausea or vomiting evidence of weight loss psychomotor agitation or retardation muscular weakness, respiratory depression, chest pain, or cardiac arrhythmias confusion [dsm.wikia.com]

  Symptoms Manifestations of acute overdosage with amphetamines include restlessness, tremor, hyperreflexia, rapid respiration, confusion, assaultiveness, hallucinations, panic states, hyperpyrexia, and rhabdomyolysis. [erowid.org]

  Cognitive Difficulties Confusion, poor judgment, fainting, and loss of consciousness are amphetamine overdose symptoms you should be aware. They often preclude or coincide with more imminent dangers. 8. [amphetamines.com]

  […] tachycardia or bradycardia pupillary dilation elevated or lowered blood pressure perspiration or chills nausea or vomiting evidence of weight loss psychomotor agitation or retardation muscle weakness, respiratory depression, chest pain, or cardiac arrhythmias confusion [courses.lumenlearning.com]

  General findings are as follows: Weight loss Hyperactivity, confusion, and agitation (may combine to produce severe hyperthermia, which can be worse in physically restrained individuals) Diaphoresis Mydriasis Anorexia Cardiovascular findings are as follows [emedicine.medscape.com]

[…] no specific treatment symptomatic treatment only Withdrawal presentation mood offset for several weeks treatment no specific treatment symptomatic treatment only Snapshot A 21-year-old male is brought into the ED by the police for an altercation. [medbullets.com]

Access the comprehensive, expert clinical guidance you need to recognize the clinical manifestations of stroke, use the latest laboratory and imaging studies to arrive at a diagnosis, and generate an effective medical and surgical treatment plan. [books.google.de]

Institut für Therapieforschung München Google Scholar Levin FR, Evans SM, Brooks DJ, Garawi F (2007) Treatment of cocaine dependent treatment seekers with adult ADHD, double blind comparison of methylphenidate and placebao. [link.springer.com]

Objectives: To evaluate risks, benefits, costs of treatments for amphetamine psychosis. [cochrane.org]

[…] for future treatment. [dlib.si]

Definition Description Causes and symptoms Demographics Diagnosis Treatments Prognosis Prevention Resources Definition Amphetamines are a group of powerful and highly addictive substances that dramatically affect the central nervous system. [encyclopedia.com]

Outlook (Prognosis) How well a person does depends on the amount of drug they took and how quickly they were treated. The faster a person gets medical help, the better the chance for recovery. [pennstatehershey.adam.com]

RESULTS: We note correlation between alcohol and benzodiazepines and admission in ICU and between all the intoxications and the reserved prognosis... [readbyqxmd.com]

Hyperpyrexia is an important marker of poor prognosis, and must be handled aggressively.” [idmu.co.uk]

Prognosis Classic amphetamines According to the DSM-IV-TR, some individuals who develop abuse or dependence on amphetamines initiate use in an attempt to control their weight. Others become introduced through the illegal market. [minddisorders.com]

The etiology is unclear; however, binging can be related to tolerance in which the user may require higher and higher doses to get the same effect. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Epidemiology Amphetamine intoxication can happen in any level of society and usually are used by individuals between the ages of 18 to 30 years old. [courses.lumenlearning.com]

Objective/s This article describes the current epidemiology and harms related to illicit drug use, and outlines the principles in the management of acute overdose. [racgp.org.au]

Epidemiology In England and Wales, the 2008-2009 British Crime Survey found a self-reported 1.2% prevalence of amfetamine use in adults aged 16-59 over the previous year and 2.6% prevalence in 16-24 year-olds. [patient.info]

Prevalence, correlates, and comorbidity of nonmedical prescription drug use and drug use disorders in the United States: results of the National Epidemiologic Survey on alcohol and related conditions. J Clin Psychiatry. 2006;67(7):1062–73. [link.springer.com]

Gain fresh perspectives and up-to-date insights from the world’s leading authorities on the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of stroke. [books.google.de]

The resemblance of the features in this case to instances of heatstroke is striking and suggests a similar pathophysiology. FULL TEXT [annals.org]

The overall prevalence of methamphetamine use in the United States in individuals aged 12 or older was 4.7% in 2013 as per the National Survey of Drug Use and Health.[4][5] Pathophysiology Amphetamines stimulate the central and peripheral nervous system [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Stay up to date on hot topics such as mechanisms of action of commonly used drugs, neuronal angiogenesis and stem cells, basic mechanisms of spasm and hemorrhage, prevention of stroke, genetics/predisposing risk factors, and much more. [books.google.de]

Avoid use of beta-blockers in order to prevent unopposed alpha effect (vasoconstriction). [emedicine.medscape.com]

However, the AAFP encourages easy access to an established drug rehabilitation program. 48 Prevention There is little evidence regarding the prevention of methamphetamine abuse. [aafp.org]