Typhoid fever being a systemic infection can present in a multitude of ways, involving various systems. Here we describe a case of typhoid fever presenting with acute cerebellar ataxia and marked thrombocytopenia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Fever

  Enteric fever is a common infectious disease of the tropical world. Characteristic presenting features include fever, relative bradycardia, diarrhea or constipation, and abdominal pain. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Acute cerebellar ataxia can also develop in adults after infection with Epstein-Barr virus or mycoplasma pneumoniea organisms, typhoid fever, herpes virus etc. [tandurust.com]

• Inflammation

  INTRODUCTION: Acute or subacute cerebellar inflammation is mainly caused by postinfectious, toxic, neoplastic, vascular, or idiopathic processes and can result in cerebellar ataxia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Acute cerebellar ataxia, another name for cerebellitis, is the inflammation of the cerebellum. The cerebellum is located at the back of the brain, close to the brain stem area where the brain meets the spinal cord. [topclassactions.com]

  Diagnosis can also be conducted using MRI scanning, to assess damage or inflammation in the brain, and cerebellum in particular. [kenhub.com]

  Infection, inflammation or any type of damage to the cerebellum can affect your gait and muscle coordination. The condition is referred as cerebellar ataxia. [tandurust.com]

• Falling

  The symptoms include staggering, falling, a drunken and uncertain gait; gross intention tremor, staccato speech and nystagmus are frequently present. There are no abnormal findings in the cerebrospinal fluid and fever is absent. [pediatrics.aappublications.org]

  Common symptoms of ataxia include: Clumsy speech pattern ( dysarthria ) Repetitive eye movements ( nystagmus ) Uncoordinated eye movements Walking problems (unsteady gait) that can lead to falls The health care provider will ask if the person has recently [nlm.nih.gov]

  Below are some important signs and symptoms: Patient resists walking or falls frequently while trying to walk or stand. The gait is unsteady and the child is unable to walk in a straight line. Bends or sways sideways while walking. [tandurust.com]

  Acquired ataxia Acquired ataxia can have a wide range of potential causes, including: severe head injury – after a car crash or fall, for example bacterial brain infection, such as meningitis or encephalitis (an infection of the brain itself) viral infection [nhs.uk]

• Difficulty Walking

  walking Speech disturbances with slurred speech and changes in tone, pitch, and volume Visual complaints Abnormal eye movements Headache Nausea and vomiting Lightheadedness Changes in mental state, such as personality or behavioral changes Chaotic eye [cookchildrens.org]

  Symptoms associated with acute cerebellar ataxia include: Coordination impairment in arms, legs and torso Unsteady gait Difficulty walking, frequent stumbling Nystagmus (repetitive eye movements, uncontrolled) Difficulty with fine motor tasks Impaired [topclassactions.com]

  […] movements Difficulty swallowing Diagnosis You will be asked about your symptoms, and your medical and family history. [winchesterhospital.org]

  […] movements Difficulty swallowing You will be asked about your symptoms, and your medical and family history. [womenscenteroftexas.com]

• Amyloidosis

  Diseases of the nervous system G32.8 ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code G32.8 Other specified degenerative disorders of nervous system in diseases classified elsewhere 2016 2017 2018 2019 Non-Billable/Non-Specific Code Code First underlying disease, such as: amyloidosis [icd10data.com]

• Cerebellar Ataxia

  Acute Cerebellar ataxia is a diagnosis of exclusion. Urgent CT scan is necessary to rule out cerebellar tumor or hemorrhage as cause of the ataxia; however in acute cerebellar ataxia, the CT will be normal. [en.wikipedia.org]

  Sixty percent of children with acute cerebellar ataxia had cortical and/or subcortical involvement, which implied the wider involvement of acute cerebellar ataxia than what has been thought. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Nystagmus

  A 54-year-old woman with adenocarcinoma of the lung and lymph node metastasis experienced nystagmus and cerebellar ataxia 2 weeks after initiating nivolumab therapy. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Horizontal nystagmus is present is approximately 50% of cases. [en.wikipedia.org]

• Tremor

  Abstract Acute Cerebellar Ataxia (ACA) is not infrequent disorder in childhood characterized by sudden onset of such cerebellar signs as truncal ataxia, dysmetria, tremors, nystagmus, and hypotonicity. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Action tremors (also known as intention tremors) are shaking movements that become worse when performing voluntary movements. In acute cerebellar ataxia, the signs discussed above are not caused by weakness or a loss of the sense of balance. [medfriendly.com]

  Tremor Cerebellar lesions can produce unilateral or bilateral intention tremor, or a truncal tremor. Nausea and vomiting Cerebellar lesions can produce nausea and/or vomiting. [patient.info]

  Register TREMORINE-TREMOR, SHIVERING AND ACUTE CEREBELLAR ATAXIA IN THE ADULT AND CHILD—A COMPARATIVE STUDY - 24 Hours access EUR €36.00 GBP £28.00 USD $45.00 Rental This article is also available for rental through DeepDyve. [academic.oup.com]

  Hand and leg tremors while walking or writing. Irregular and rapid jerking of the eyes when the patient attempts to fix his vision on some object. [tandurust.com]

• Gait Ataxia

  The major clinical features were rapid development of gait ataxia, limb ataxia and dysarthria. None of the patients had altered sensorium. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  We report a 15-year-old girl presenting with intentional tremor, dysarthr ia and gait ataxia following episodes of recurrent fever and cervical lymphadenopathy. The diagnosis of KFD was made based on histopathology. [content.iospress.com]

  Walking along a line of the floor demonstrates minor degrees of gait ataxia. Truncal ataxia Patients can't sit or stand unsupported and tend to fall backwards. [patient.info]

• Cerebellar Sign

  Abstract Acute Cerebellar Ataxia (ACA) is not infrequent disorder in childhood characterized by sudden onset of such cerebellar signs as truncal ataxia, dysmetria, tremors, nystagmus, and hypotonicity. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Neurologic examination revealed cerebellar signs without signs of meningitis or cranial nerve involvement. CT and MRI were normal and CSF showed a mild pleocytosis and normal protein and glucose. [pediatricneurologybriefs.com]

  seizures, and cerebellar signs. [healio.com]

  signs as tremor or balance problems. [thieme-connect.com]

[…] been reported in rare cases. 2 APCA essentially is a diagnosis of exclusion; thus, other causes of acute cerebellar ataxia such as intoxications, paraneoplastic syndromes, trauma, and migraine must be excluded during the course of a thorough diagnostic workup [consultant360.com]

Therefore, further workup is often necessary. A urine and/or serum toxicology screen is ordered to rule out ingestion/intoxication. A complete blood count (CBC) is ordered to evaluate for changes supportive of illness. [clinicaladvisor.com]

Cerebellar ataxia caused by a recent viral infection may not need treatment. People whose condition was caused by a recent viral infection should make a full recovery without treatment in a few months. [nlm.nih.gov]

However, treatment is necessary if the underlying cause is not virus disease. Treatment will depend on the cause. Antibiotic drugs are mainstay treatment for cerebellar ataxia caused due to bacterial infection. [tandurust.com]

Treatment for ACA isn’t always necessary. When a virus causes ACA, a full recovery is usually expected without treatment. Viral ACA generally goes away in a few weeks without treatment. [healthline.com]

Level IV: Adult case report Ongoing controversies regarding etiology, diagnosis, treatment Currently, the diagnosis, etiology, and treatment of acute cerebellar ataxia remains without controversy. [clinicaladvisor.com]

Treatment of Acute Cerebellar Ataxia Sometimes, acute cerebellar ataxia goes away on its own without treatment. If a virus sparks acute cerebellar ataxia, no treatment intervention is usually needed. [topclassactions.com]

Patients with Sjögren's syndrome have higher risk for lymphoma, which leads to poorer prognosis. After lymph node biopsy, the patient was proven to have sinus histiocytosis, which is another rare finding in Sjögren's syndrome. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

A case of acute cerebellar ataxia with discrete signs of pyramidal and tegmental involvement is reported, several days after recovery from an upper respiratory infection of unknown etiology. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Although an autoimmune process may contribute to the mechanism of ACA, its pathophysiology is not completely understood. We report a girl with recurrent ACA and anti-cardiolipin antibodies. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The CAG-polyglutamine repeat diseases: a clinical, molecular, genetic, and pathophysiologic nosology Stoyas CA, La Spada AR Handbook of clinical neurology, 2018, 147, p 143 RNA toxicity and foci formation in microsatellite expansion diseases. [myobase.org]

[…] generally is preceded by a prodromal viral infection, approximately 10 to 15 days before onset. 1,2 Boys are more prone to developing ACA after infections, and they tend to have worse gait dysfunction and cranial nerve palsies, along with nystagmus. 2 The pathophysiology [consultant360.com]

Most cases follow severe injuries; 20 however, a few children have been noted to have cerebellar concussion following relatively minor head trauma. 21 The pathophysiology is believed to be damage to the connections between the cerebellum and the cortex [healio.com]

Prevention There are no current guidelines to prevent acute cerebellar ataxia. You can make sure that your child's vaccinations are up to date. This can prevent infections that increase their risk of getting this condition. [winchesterhospital.org]

There are no current guidelines to prevent acute cerebellar ataxia. You can make sure that your child's vaccinations are up to date. This can prevent infections that increase their risk of getting this condition. [womenscenteroftexas.com]

Reducing your risk of stroke by exercising, maintaining a healthy weight, and keeping blood pressure and cholesterol in check can also be helpful in preventing ACA. [healthline.com]

There is no effective way to prevent cerebellar ataxia. The only means that may reduce the occurrence of the disease is proper vaccination against certain viruses that may be associated with acute cerebellar ataxia. [ic.steadyhealth.com]