Presentation
Patients with malnutrition presented an increased prevalence of dysphagia (68.4% (95% CI 63.3-73.4)). Patients with dysphagia and patients with malnutrition presented increased intrahospital, 6-month and 1-year mortality rates (p < 0.05). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Fig. 1 Color fundus photography, optical coherence tomography, and ultrasonography at presentation. a Fundus photograph of the right eye at presentation shows optic disc hyperemia and peripapillary exudative retinal detachment. b Fundus photograph of [joii-journal.springeropen.com]
Presentation The patient may present with the cause of the exacerbation (eg, local infection), features of chronic failure or may present with AKI. [patient.info]
The core skills required for the competent general practice management of acute serious illness and trauma presentations are similar to those required to manage emergency department presentations, including major trauma. [curriculum.racgp.org.au]
Entire Body System
- Sepsis
March 2019| Vol 8| Issue 2 Original Article Diagnostic value of biomarkers for sepsis in adult patients in the emergency department: Don't forget the neutrophil-lymphocyte count ratio Objective: To determine and compare the diagnostic efficiency of various [jadweb.org]
Acute respiratory distress syndrome, or ARDS, is a serious condition brought on by major injuries, sepsis, narcotics, shock, pneumonia, inhalants or severe illness. [livestrong.com]
[…] you have a long-term disease, such as heart failure, liver disease or diabetes you're dehydrated or unable to maintain your fluid intake independently you have a blockage in your urinary tract (or are at risk of this) you have a severe infection or sepsis [nhs.uk]
NEWS2 has received formal endorsement from NHS England and NHS Improvement to become the early warning system for identifying acutely ill patients – including those with sepsis – in hospitals in England. [rcplondon.ac.uk]
- Acutely Ill Patient
In 87 serums from acutely ill patients the zinc ranged from 92 to 40 microng per 100 ml. The mean values for nearly all categories of disease studied were lower than normal (P is less than 0.001). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Acutely ill patients require stabilisation and transfer and admission to an acute care setting. This may involve advocating for the admission of the patient. Continuity of care for seriously ill patients requires the use of handover skills. [curriculum.racgp.org.au]
Guideline development process How we develop NICE guidelines This guideline was previously called acutely ill patients in hospital: recognition of and response to acute illness in adults in hospital. [nice.org.uk]
NEWS2 has received formal endorsement from NHS England and NHS Improvement to become the early warning system for identifying acutely ill patients – including those with sepsis – in hospitals in England. [rcplondon.ac.uk]
- Malaise
Symptoms of typical acute diseases include: Nasal congestion Runny nose Cough Chills Fever Body aches Sore throat Malaise Nausea Some acute diseases require immediate medical attention. [lockhartfamilymedicine.com]
The cytokines produced early in infection lead to classical symptoms of an acute infection: aches, pains, fever, malaise, and nausea. [virology.ws]
It is a mild upper respiratory viral illness that may include some or all of the following symptoms: sneezing, rhinorrhea, sore throat, cough, low-grade fever, headache, and malaise. [annals.org]
Typical cases of acute HAV infection are marked by several weeks of malaise, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and elevated aminotransferase levels. Jaundice develops in more severe cases. [emedicine.medscape.com]
Respiratoric
- Pneumonia
Pneumonia The most common cause of pneumonia in adults is a bacterium called Streptococcus pneumonia. Viruses can also cause pneumonia, most commonly the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in small children, and sometimes influenza. [europeanlung.org]
They can happen again (as in recurrent pneumonia, that is, multiple acute pneumonia episodes), but they are not the same case ongoing for months or years (unlike chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, which is). [en.wikipedia.org]
Examples are pneumonia and appendicitis. See also chronic disease. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]
Acute bronchitis must be distinguished from pneumonia. [annals.org]
Some acute diseases do not require hospitalization or medical treatments, such as influenza, whereas others, such as pneumonia and acute myocardial infarction, may require medical attention and extended treatment. [link.springer.com]
- Common Cold
Common Cold (Nonspecific Upper Respiratory Infection) The common cold, a benign, self-limited illness, is the most common acute illness in the United States ( 19 ). [annals.org]
You assume that they are probably dealing with the common cold, so you immediately turn to your family physician for help. [lockhartfamilymedicine.com]
Sometimes, an acute illness, such as the common cold, will just go away on its own. Most people with acute illnesses will soon recover. [ncoa.org]
It thus often connotes that the condition is fulminant (as in the AMI example), but not always (as in acute rhinitis, which is usually synonymous with the common cold). [en.wikipedia.org]
- Rhinitis
The one thing that acute MI and acute rhinitis have in common is that they are not chronic. [en.wikipedia.org]
Antibiotics for the common cold and acute purulent rhinitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013 6 CD000247,. Ambulatory care visits to physician offices, hospital outpatient departments, and emergency departments: United States, 2001–02. [annals.org]
Cardiovascular
- Tachycardia
Affected individuals may also experience a faster than normal heart rate (tachycardia) and irregular heartbeats (cardiac arrhythmias). Seizures have also been reported. [rarediseases.org]
Sinus tachycardia, mild hypertension, hyperventilation, mydriasis, and peripheral cynaosis were commonly observed in early stages of illness. [cdc.gov]
[…] tenderness: Variably present Change in liver span: May be small due to hepatic necrosis or may be enlarged due to heart failure, viral hepatitis, or Budd-Chiari syndrome Hematemesis or melena: Due to upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding Hypotension and tachycardia [emedicine.medscape.com]
For healthy immunocompetent adults younger than 70 years, pneumonia is unlikely in the absence of all of the following clinical criteria: tachycardia (heart rate >100 beats/min), tachypnea (respiratory rate >24 breaths/min), fever (oral temperature >38 [annals.org]
[…] disease Hypertension Lyme disease Mental illness Multiple sclerosis Myalgic encephalomyelitis ( a.k.a. chronic fatigue syndrome) Narcolepsy Obesity Osteoporosis Parkinson's disease Periodontal disease Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Postural orthostatic tachycardia [en.m.wikipedia.org]
Skin
- Ulcer
Five patients had Stanford type B aortic dissection, six had traumatic ruptures of the thoracic aorta, five had ruptured aortic aneurysms, and two had penetrating atherosclerotic aortic ulcers. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
For example, in an article on ulcerative enteritis in poultry, the author says, "in acute disease there may be increased mortality without any obvious signs", referring to the acute form or phase of ulcerative enteritis. [en.wikipedia.org]
Ulceration Moderate to deep ulceration can be seen on T1 and T2 images, but small ulcerations can be difficult to distinguish from mucosal folds depending on the degree of luminal distension. [radiologyassistant.nl]
Ulcers. Haemorrhoids and Fistulas. Volume IX: Anatomy. Nature of Bones. Heart. Eight Months’ Child. Coan Prenotions. Crises. Critical Days. Superfetation. Girls. Excision of the Fetus. Sight. Volume X: Generation. Nature of the Child. Diseases 4. [hup.harvard.edu]
1 Liver, disease of........... 1 Cancer of the face........ 1 Marasmus, infantile.......54 Consumption.............. 58 Rupture of vein............ 1 Debility, adult............. 2 Scrofula.................... 4 Debility, infantile.......... 7 Ulceration [nytimes.com]
Neurologic
- Stroke
C3d+ microglial clusters were not specific to MS as they were also found in stroke and experimental TBI. We conclude that C3d+ microglial clusters in MS are not part of an acute attack against myelinated axons. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
The author will examine the available evidence behind the possible physiopathology of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke in those living at high altitudes. [revecuatneurol.com]
Synthetic cannabis and acute ischemic stroke. Bernson-Leung ME, Leung LY, Kumar S. Synthetic cannabis and acute ischemic stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2014;23(5):1239-41. DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2013.07.030. PubMed PMID: 24119618. [cpnp.org]
Related services Acute cardiology Medicine for the older person Radiology Stroke Referral information Acute medicine provides services for acute unscheduled medical patients. [mater.ie]
Acute coronary syndromes, just like heart failure and stroke (link opens in new window), are much more likely in people who have certain risk factors. [heart.org]
- Confusion
The immune system confuses the infection with healthy cells and attacks the healthy cells, which causes inflammation in the brain or spinal column. [livestrong.com]
*The patient has new-onset confusion, disorientation and/or agitation, where previously their mental state was normal – this may be subtle. [rcplondon.ac.uk]
Acute Often, people are confused about what constitutes an acute disease. They believe that an acute disease is always severe. In reality, an acute disease can be mild, severe or even fatal. [wisegeek.org]
If you or a loved one are confused, having trouble breathing, experiencing symptoms of organ failure, or have a rapidly spreading infection, proper urgent care is required to prevent further complications. [lockhartfamilymedicine.com]
Britain had a surge of cases this summer of Lyme disease, a tick-borne illness that in its most serious form can result in chronic fatigue, pain, confusion, depression-like symptoms and memory loss. [theguardian.com]
Workup
Acute Kidney Injury Workup. Medscape Reference. Available online at http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/243492-workup#c13. Accessed May 2016. (April 2014) Seaborg E. New Biomarkers Offer Hope for Identifying Acute Kidney Injury Risk. [labtestsonline.org]
Such asymmetry being atypical, a workup was ordered to rule out conditions mimicking VKH disease. [joii-journal.springeropen.com]
The most important step in the assessment of patients with acute liver failure is to identify the cause, as certain causes demand immediate and specific treatment (see Workup ). [emedicine.medscape.com]
Clinical Testing and Workup Screening tests to measure the levels of the porphyrin precursor porphobilinogen (PBG) in urine are essential to confirm a diagnosis of acute porphyria. [rarediseases.org]
The rationale for selecting 48 h rather than 72 h to define rapid reversal is to better identify high-risk patients for whom additional workup and evaluation might be warranted. [nature.com]
Treatment
Antibiotics are often given to treat these lung infections, but there is no worldwide standard treatment. [cochrane.org]
despite treatment before or after day 5 of illness. [pediatrics.aappublications.org]
Treatment consists of rest, fluids and over-the-counter medications for cough and inflammation. [livestrong.com]
All patients presented with life-threatening symptoms requiring treatment with stent-grafts from the emergency kit. All were at high surgical risk due to serious comorbidities. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
The primary goal of your doctor’s visit will be to diagnose your illness and initiate a plan for treatment. Most acute diseases respond well to treatments and therapies, but the extent of your treatment will depend on the severity of your disease. [campmedicine.org]
Prognosis
Xiang-Fen Ji, Xin-You Li, Yu-Chen Fan, Ze-Hua Zhao, Shuai Gao, Feng-Kai Sun, Jing Zhao and Kai Wang, Serum wnt5a is a predictor for the prognosis of acute on chronic hepatitis B liver failure, Biomarkers, 20, 1, (26), (2015). [doi.org]
Prognostic - Some clinical findings such as high systolic blood pressure or poor glucose tolerance may be symptomless and yet carry an adverse prognosis. [bmj.com]
Patients with acute liver failure caused by acetaminophen have a better prognosis than those with an indeterminate form of the disorder. Patients with stage 3 or 4 encephalopathy have a poor prognosis. [emedicine.medscape.com]
[…] aortic injury Long-term surveillance in traumatic aortic injury Iatrogenic aortic dissection Aortic aneurysms Thoracic aortic aneurysms Abdominal aortic aneurysm Definition Risk factors Natural history Diagnosis Abdominal aortic aneurysm repair Long-term prognosis [escardio.org]
Etiology
This study again demonstrates the high burden of acute manifestations of lymphatic filariasis, and provides new information on risk factors, which may lead to better understanding of etiology and control prospects. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Nearly 15% of cases remain of indeterminate etiology. [emedicine.medscape.com]
Use of laparoscopy to determine the microbiologic etiology of acute salpingitis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 134: 781, 1979 119 Mardh P-A, Westrom L. [glowm.com]
Environmental studies were performed to evaluate possible toxic etiologies. [cdc.gov]
Epidemiology
The Acute Disease Epidemiology Section houses several infectious disease-specific Surveillance Teams. [dph.georgia.gov]
OBJECTIVE: The objectives of epidemiological surveillance and research of infectious diseases are to address disease prevention, identify outbreaks and monitor and evaluate control strategies. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Outbreak Investigations The epidemiologists of the Acute Disease Service respond statewide to conduct epidemiologic investigations of unusual disease clusters and outbreaks of infectious diseases. [ok.gov]
Reading epidemiological reports Chapter 13. Further reading [bmj.com]
Pathophysiology
Diseases for which there is good understanding of underlying pathophysiology and precise treatment appear to have lower death rates throughout the range of physiologic imbalance compared with those for which pathophysiologic knowledge is limited or unknown [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Each protocol contains: An introduction to the metabolic disorder A description of the pathophysiology involved Presentation of symptoms in the patient Assessments needed for correct diagnosis Detailed therapeutic strategies and potential side effects [newenglandconsortium.org]
However, although there is increasing evidence that cytokines play a major role in the development of ACLF, the pathophysiology remains complex and poorly understood. [doi.org]
Prevention
Quick reference guides cover the following topics: Primary prevention of ARF Diagnosis of ARF Management of ARF Secondary prevention of ARF Management of RHD RHD in pregnancy RHD control programs Access the guidelines and quick reference guides on the [heartfoundation.org.au]
The best way to prevent repeat episodes of ARF and prevent further damage to heart valves is by having penicillin injections every 21 to 28 days. [healthywa.wa.gov.au]
This enables the Oklahoma State Department of Health to evaluate and target our control, education, and prevention efforts across Oklahoma. [ok.gov]
Although this may not ease your own symptoms, it will prevent you from spreading infectious diseases. Avoid touching your face, especially your eyes and mouth, to prevent introducing germs into your system. [healthline.com]
STD prevention is an essential primary care strategy for improving reproductive health. 1 Despite their burdens, costs, and complications, and the fact that they are largely preventable, STDs remain a significant public health problem in the United States [healthypeople.gov]