Presentation
When chlorpropamide was added to the patient's serum in vitro, it enhanced the reactivity of the anti-Jka, and 40 days posttransfusion, the serum would only react with Jk(a ) red cells when chlorpropamide was present. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Usually, the initial presentation is simply for fatigue with exercise or dyspnea with exercise. Patients may complain of yellowed skin or abnormally dark urine. [imrespdx.com]
Two cases of infectious mononucleosis complicated by acute hemolytic anemia are presented. One of these patients had, in addition, an underlying Mediterranean anemia. 2. Hemolytic anemia is a rare complication of infectious mononucleosis. 3. [bloodjournal.org]
Entire Body System
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Chills
Fever and Chills: The immune system response in an acute hemolytic transfusion reaction causes a rapid spike in body temperature. Shaking chills commonly accompany the fever. [sankalpindia.net]
Severe hemolytic anemia can cause chills, fever, pain in the back and abdomen, or shock. [nhlbi.nih.gov]
Loxoscelism (systemic illness) is rare, and more commonly seen in children; it can cause nausea, fevers/chills, malaise, arthralgias, hemolysis, coagulopathy, disseminated intravascular coagulation, acute tubular necrosis, renal failure, and, rarely, [epmonthly.com]
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Atrial Septal Defect
Page 285 - ... leaflets" Endocarditis prophylaxis not recommended Negligible-risk category (no greater risk than the general population) Isolated secundum atrial septal defect Surgical repair of atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, or patent [books.google.com]
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Down Syndrome
Syndrome 2 to 18 Years of Age924 924 LABORATORY VALUES911 Table 20 1989 Recommended Daily Dietary Allowance931 931 Interpretation of EBV Serology 932 932 Classic Clinical Findings in Disorders Characterized Parapneumonic Pleural Effusions 941 941 Causes [books.google.com]
Gastrointestinal
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Regurgitation
Isolated secundum atrial septal defect Surgical repair of atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, or patent ductus arteriosus (without residual effects beyond 6 mo) Previous coronary artery bypass graft surgery Mitral valve prolapse without valvar regurgitation [books.google.com]
Cardiovascular
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S3 Gallop
He had jugular venous distention up to the angle of the mandible, a displaced point of maximum impulse to the left midaxillary line, and an audible S3 gallop. His extremities were warm to touch, with no clubbing, cyanosis, or edema. [circheartfailure.ahajournals.org]
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Mitral Valve Prolapse
valve prolapse without valvar regurgitation... [books.google.com]
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Jugular Venous Distention
He had jugular venous distention up to the angle of the mandible, a displaced point of maximum impulse to the left midaxillary line, and an audible S3 gallop. His extremities were warm to touch, with no clubbing, cyanosis, or edema. [circheartfailure.ahajournals.org]
Skin
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Cold, Clammy Skin
Cold, Clammy Skin: An acute hemolytic transfusion reaction commonly causes shock. With shock, the blood pressure drops precipitously causing cold, clammy skin. These skin effects are due to a release of a hormone called epinephrine. [sankalpindia.net]
Workup
An array of laboratory tests are available for detecting hemolysis, and specialized tests may be indicated to diagnose the cause for hemolysis (see Workup ). [emedicine.medscape.com]
However, the patient’s serologic workup did not fit a classic cold or warm IgM autoantibody. The patient’s antibody was optimally reactive at 37 C and anti-IgG, with no enhancement at room temperature. [omicsonline.org]
Serum
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Anisopoikilocytosis
The patient's peripheral blood smear showed acanthocytes and anisopoikilocytosis, which progressively disappeared in the days postingestion. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
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Creatinine Increased
His creatinine increased from a baseline 0.7 mg/dL to 3.7 mg/dL (estimated glomerular filtration rate, 17 mL/min per 1.73 m 2 ) ( Figure 2 ). His lactate dehydrogenase level was 12 900 U/L, and his haptoglobin level was low. [circheartfailure.ahajournals.org]
Microbiology
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Positive Throat Culture
Page 286 - Clinical findings Arthralgia Fever Laboratory findings Elevated acute phase reactants Erythrocyte sedimentation rate C-reactive protein Prolonged PR interval Supporting Evidence of Antecedent Group A Streptococcal Infection Positive throat [books.google.com]
PR Interval
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Prolonged PR Interval
Page 286 - Clinical findings Arthralgia Fever Laboratory findings Elevated acute phase reactants Erythrocyte sedimentation rate C-reactive protein Prolonged PR interval Supporting Evidence of Antecedent Group A Streptococcal Infection Positive throat [books.google.com]
Treatment
Acute hemolytic anemia characterized by vomiting, diarrhea, vertigo, lumbar pain pallor and high fever due to an irregular and high dose of rifampicin is described in a 13-year-old girl during her treatment for tuberculosis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Regarding treatment response, the first published surveys 2, 3, 4 described poor response to conventional treatment, but other series published later describe a better prognosis. 1 In most cases, treatment other than conventional approaches is needed [nature.com]
Treatment was done with glucose, hepatic tonic, vitamins B 12 and C, and antibiotics. Blood transfusion was performed in two severe cases. [ci.nii.ac.jp]
We describe 2 patients in whom acute hemolytic anemia secondary to severe (0.19–0.35 mmo1/1) hypophosphatemia has developed 1–2 days following treatment for diabetic ketoacidosis. [karger.com]
Prognosis
We suggest that aggressive immunosuppressive treatment with intensive measures against infection could give a better prognosis to such patients. Bone Marrow Transplantation (2001) 28, 89–92. [nature.com]
Prevention, and Complications Prognosis mortality rate 10% for most patients, prognosis is good Prevention for cold agglutinin disease keep warm Complications warm agglutinin lymphoproliferative disease venous thromboembolism cold agglutinin peripheral [medbullets.com]
Prognosis The outlook for hemolytic anemia depends on its cause and severity. The underlying health of the affected person also affects the prognosis. Cases that are caused by medications or infections usually go away quickly. [drugs.com]
Treatments and Prognosis for Hemolytic Anemia Doctors who treat hemolytic anemia will first focus on returning the patient's red blood cell count to as close to normal as possible and halting or slowing the destruction of red blood cells. [everydayhealth.com]
Prognosis The prognosis for patients with hemolytic anemia depends on the underlying cause. Overall, mortality rates are low in hemolytic anemias. However, the risk is greater in older patients and patients with cardiovascular impairment. [emedicine.medscape.com]
Etiology
The etiology of hemolytic anemia in infectious mononucleosis is obscure but there is good evidence to indicate it may be different in different cases. [bloodjournal.org]
Etiology-Hereditary Familial Atypical Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome (aHUS) (see Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome, [[Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome]]) xxx Hemoglobinopathies Sickle Cell Disease (see Sickle Cell Disease, [[Sickle Cell Disease]]) Unstable Hemoglobins RBC [mdnxs.com]
The etiologies of hemolysis often are categorized as acquired or hereditary. Common acquired causes of hemolytic anemia are autoimmunity, microangiopathy, and infection. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Accordingly, a combination of clinical evidence and laboratory findings are essential for accurate diagnosis of hemolytic anemia and its underlying etiology. [clinchem.aaccjnls.org]
Hemolytic anemia has multiple causes, and the clinical presentation can differ depending on the etiology. [emedicine.medscape.com]
Epidemiology
Introduction Extrinsic hemolytic anemia caused by antibodies type II hypersensitivity Epidemiology peak incidence in 50s-80s Presentation Symptoms warm agglutinin disease chronic hemolytic anemia cold agglutinin disease acrocyanosis (different from Raynaud [medbullets.com]
Epidemiology Risk factors are variable and depend on the underlying cause. [patient.info]
Epidemiology, risk and prognostic factors in mesenteric venous thrombosis. Br J Surg. 2008;95(10):1245-51. doi: 10.1002/bjs.6319. Ponziani FR, Zocco MA, Garcovich M, D’Aversa F, Roccarina D, Gasbarrini A. [revistagastrocol.com]
Epidemiology Hemolytic anemia represents approximately 5% of all anemias. Acute AIHA is relatively rare, with an incidence of one to three cases per 100,000 population per year. [27] Hemolytic anemias are not specific to any race. [emedicine.medscape.com]
Pathophysiology
[…] should help to understand their pathophysiology. [nature.com]
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH) Discuss the molecular and pathophysiologic defects in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) and explain the test used to diagnose this disorder. List complications of PNH. [hematology.org]
These particular diseases are covered either because they are common or because they illustrate important pathophysiologic features (or both). A. [web2.iadfw.net]
Clinical Information Discusses physiology, pathophysiology, and general clinical aspects, as they relate to a laboratory test Hemolytic anemia (HA) is characterized by increased red cell destruction and a decreased red cell life span. [mayomedicallaboratories.com]
[…] to very low G6PD activity G6PD deficiency is most common in people of tropical and subtropical areas and there is support to show that this is due to a conferred resistance against Plasmodium falciparum infection, which causes malaria Physiology and pathophysiology [pathophys.org]
Prevention
Care should be taken to prevent moth balls from being reached by infants and children. α- and β-naphthol and α- and β-naphthoquinone were found in the urine of a child suffering from severe hemolytic anemia due to ingestion of naphthalene moth balls. [pediatrics.aappublications.org]
Prevention of bacterial endocarditis. Recommendations by the American Heart Association. [books.google.com]
Prevention It is not possible to prevent some types of AIHA, but doctors can monitor people who have a viral infection or who use certain medications, to ensure that AIHA does not develop. [medicalnewstoday.com]
and Complications Prognosis mortality rate 10% for most patients, prognosis is good Prevention for cold agglutinin disease keep warm Complications warm agglutinin lymphoproliferative disease venous thromboembolism cold agglutinin peripheral gangrene [medbullets.com]
Prevention Hemolytic anemia caused by medication can be prevented. Avoid the drug that is causing the problem. There is no way to prevent inherited hemolytic anemia. If an inherited anemia runs in your family, you may undergo genetic testing. [drugs.com]