In this study, the authors present a case series of 3 patients with posttraumatic nonspontaneous hemorrhage of intracerebral cavernous malformations (CMs). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

There are only reports of these tumors presenting acutely with intracranial hemorrhage in adult patients. Case Description: A 10-year-old boy presented with acute onset of headache, emesis, and diplopia. [surgicalneurologyint.com]

• Anemia

  Delayed intervention could have resulted in severe hypovolemic shock and acute anemia in both fetuses. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  CHAPTER 59 ACUTE BLOOD LOSS ANEMIA Williams Hematology CHAPTER 59 ACUTE BLOOD LOSS ANEMIA ROBERT S. [medtextfree.wordpress.com]

  See also Anemia Clotting Hemophilia Hypertension Nosebleeds Stroke [encyclopedia.com]

• Pallor

  Signs of hemorrhage include tachycardia, hypotension, pallor, and cold moist skin. Treatment Pressure should be applied directly to any obviously bleeding body part, and the part should be elevated. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

• Hemoptysis

  One patient died of multiorgan failure in the setting of persistent hemoptysis. Complications included 2 nerve injuries and 2 minor strokes. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Angiography may be used in the diagnosis of massive hemoptysis of unclear etiology. Selective angiography of the bronchial arteries, combined with a selective pulmonary angiogram through a separate venous catheterization can localize bleeding. [emedicine.medscape.com]

  Often the result of strain, including sneezing, coughing, vomiting or other kind of strain Nose Epistaxis - nosebleed Mouth Tooth eruption – losing a tooth Hematemesis – vomiting fresh blood Hemoptysis – coughing up blood from the lungs Lungs Pulmonary [en.wikipedia.org]

  Location Descriptive Term Biliary tract Hemobilia Fallopian tubes Hemosalpinx Lower GI tract Hematochezia; melena Upper GI tract Hematemesis Joints Hemarthosis Lungs/Bronchi (coughed up) Hemoptysis Nasal passages Epistaxis Skin Ecchymosis Urinary tract [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

• Melena

  Patients with bleeding non-variceal were markedly more likely to have melena (p = 0.001) and were more likely to use NSAIDs and ASA (p = 0.023; p = 0.002). [md-medicaldata.com]

  Population : In total, 162 m ales or females aged ≥ 20 years presenting with moderate - to - severe hematochezia or melena within 24 h of arrival at 15 Japanese hospitals. [todai-shoukakan.com]

  Gynecologic Vaginal bleeding Postpartum hemorrhage Breakthrough bleeding Ovarian bleeding - this is a potentially catastrophic and not so rare complication among lean patients with polycystic ovary syndrome undergoing transvaginal oocyte retrieval. [7] Anus Melena [en.wikipedia.org]

  Location Descriptive Term Biliary tract Hemobilia Fallopian tubes Hemosalpinx Lower GI tract Hematochezia; melena Upper GI tract Hematemesis Joints Hemarthosis Lungs/Bronchi (coughed up) Hemoptysis Nasal passages Epistaxis Skin Ecchymosis Urinary tract [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

• Hematemesis

  […] infections (Salmonella), severe stress (trauma, burns, surgery), ischemia and shock, acid/alkali ingestion as part of suicide attempts, gastric irradiation or freezing, mechanical trauma (nasogastric tube), distal gastrectomy Major cause of massive hematemesis [pathologyoutlines.com]

  Often the result of strain, including sneezing, coughing, vomiting or other kind of strain Nose Epistaxis - nosebleed Mouth Tooth eruption – losing a tooth Hematemesis – vomiting fresh blood Hemoptysis – coughing up blood from the lungs Lungs Pulmonary [en.wikipedia.org]

  Location Descriptive Term Biliary tract Hemobilia Fallopian tubes Hemosalpinx Lower GI tract Hematochezia; melena Upper GI tract Hematemesis Joints Hemarthosis Lungs/Bronchi (coughed up) Hemoptysis Nasal passages Epistaxis Skin Ecchymosis Urinary tract [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

• Rectal Bleeding

  ( K29.01 ) ulcerative enterocolitis with rectal bleeding ( K51.01 ) intracranial (nontraumatic) I62.9 ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code I62.9 Nontraumatic intracranial hemorrhage, unspecified 2016 2017 2018 2019 Billable/Specific Code intracerebral (nontraumatic [icd10data.com]

• Hypotension

  When the hypotension is very severe (e.g., mean arterial pressures The combined effects of arterial hypotension and sympathetic activation lead to activation of humoral compensatory mechanisms. [cvphysiology.com]

  (aka minimal normotension) (this is controversial) early haemostatic resuscitation damage control surgery Permissive hypotension Permissive hypotension, or minimal normotension, seeks to avoid excessive fluid administration (and the associated problems [lifeinthefastlane.com]

  Severe hypotension Three studies with 4,233 patients were available for the analysis of severe hypotension. Heterogeneity among trials was low (Chi-square = 1.14, I 2 = 0%, P = 0.56). [nature.com]

  A quantitative analysis of transcapillary refill in severe hemorrhagic hypotension in dogs. Prist R, Rocha-e-Silva M, Scalabrini A, Coelho IJ, França ES, Meneghetti C, Braga GA. Drucker WR, Chadwick CD, Gann DS. [derangedphysiology.com]

  At first, this is limited to tachycardia with exercise and postural hypotension. [medtextfree.wordpress.com]

• Confusion

  confused and lethargic Intravenous replacement solutions: (1) crystalloid: sufficient for Classes I and II (2) crystalloid and blood (in ratio of 3:1): for Classes III and IV Limitations: • Some of the physiologic responses to hypovolemia can be affected [meducator3.net]

  Do not confuse normal, physiologic calcifications (white and black arrows) for blood. For additional information about this disease, click on this icon above. [learningradiology.com]

  The patient may become combative, irritable, confused, weak, fatigued, tired, and pale. Category 4: More than 40% blood loss. Requires aggressive emergency medical treatment with both blood replacement and fluids given IV. [verywell.com]

  […] bleeding is occurring, symptoms can include headache; loss of function on one side of the body; vision changes; numbness or weakness; difficulty speaking, swallowing, reading, or writing; balance problems; decreased alertness; vomiting; stiff neck; and confusion [encyclopedia.com]

  […] protocols should identify the key roles of team leader (often the most senior doctor directing resuscitation of the patient) and coordinator responsible for communicating with laboratories and other support services to prevent time-wasting and often confusing [transfusionguidelines.org]

(See Workup.) Axial noncontrast computed tomography scan of the brain of a 60-year-old man with a history of acute onset of left-sided weakness. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Based on the clinical presentation, a workup for thyroid disorders, liver disorder, sepsis, or leukemia may be indicated. Endometrial tissue sampling should be performed in patients with AUB who are older than 45 years as a first-line test. [acog.org]

• Gastric Varices

  Some 35% of bleeds are caused by peptic ulcer disease but the most severe haemorrhage and highest mortality is seen in the 10% of cases presenting with bleeding from oesophageal or gastric varices. [transfusionguidelines.org]

• Decreased Platelet Count

  In another proven case of dengue encephalitis, hemorrhage due to decreased platelet count has been reported. [16] There is no specific treatment for dengue encephalitis. Treatment is mainly supportive. [ijri.org]

Without operative treatment, mortality is as high as 90%. Immediate recognition of this complication as well as urgent operative treatment allowing the survival of 70% of patients is imperative. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] stated in manuscript Primary treatment failure (inability to achieve target BP within 2 hours) was seen in 12.2% of patients in the intensive-treatment group vs just 0.8% in the standard-treatment group. [rebelem.com]

The prognosis of cirrhotic patients with acute variceal hemorrhage depends on the severity of liver disease and on bleeding volume. [scielo.isciii.es]

About 10 to 30% die before reaching medical help with first bleed Nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage in patients who reach the hospital still has a mortality rate of 30 to 60% SAH from an arteriovenous malformation has a better prognosis than SAH from [learningradiology.com]

Incidence, predictive factors, and prognosis of the hepatorrenal syndrome in cirrhosis with ascites. Gastroenterology 1993;105:229-36. Bañares R, Albillos A, Rincón D, et al. [sapd.es]

• Prognosis is based on multiple factors, including volume and location of hemorrhage, age, level of consciousness, presence of intraventricular hemorrhage, and warfarin use. • Coagulopathy, if present, should be corrected. • Rapid blood pressure control [medlink.com]

In this study, AML patients with prolonged PT had a significantly poorer prognosis after ICH ( P 22 ]. [academic.oup.com]

Demographic data, clinical presentation, underlying etiology, culprit vessel, endovascular treatment, outcomes, and follow-up times were obtained. RESULTS: The literature search yielded 19 relevant articles. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Etiologies of Acute Abnormal Uterine Bleeding The etiologies of acute AUB, which can be multifactorial, are the same as the etiologies of chronic AUB. [acog.org]

Once the retina can be visualized, treatment is aimed at the underlying etiology as soon as possible. [aao.org]

Objectives • • • • • Types of cerebral strokes and etiology CT and MRI in cerebral hemorrhage CT and MRI in cerebral infarction 4-min Vedio for learning purpose Conclusion 3. [slideshare.net]

Etiology and outcome of pacients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding: A study from South of Iran. The Saudi J of Gastroenterol 2010; 16: 253-59. [md-medicaldata.com]

In order to achieve an early diagnosis, the need to keep this entity in mind must be emphasized, especially in favorable epidemiological environments as the one of this patient. [scielo.org.pe]

The author discusses these advances and updates on the epidemiology and pathophysiology of intracerebral hemorrhage. [medlink.com]

Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis: etiology, epidemiology and clinical manifestation. Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press; 1989. p. 11–33. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. [wwwnc.cdc.gov]

Stroke epidemiology: a review of population-based studies of incidence, prevalence, and case-fatality in the late 20th century. Lancet Neurol. 2003 Jan. 2(1):43-53. [Medline]. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Epidemiology of acute gastrointestinal bleeding. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterology 2008; 22:209-24. Hreinson JP, Kalaitzakis E, Gudmundsson S, Bjornsson ES. [md-medicaldata.com]

The author discusses these advances and updates on the epidemiology and pathophysiology of intracerebral hemorrhage. [medlink.com]

Natural history, current concepts, classification, factors impacting endovascular therapy, and pathophysiology of cerebral and spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2014;121:64-75. 65. Serulle Y, Miller TR, Gandhi D. [j-stroke.org]

Pathophysiology and treatment of coagulopathy in massive hemorrhage and hemodilution. Anesthesiology. 2010;113:1205-1219. Jansen JO, Thomas R, Loudon MA, Brooks A. Damage control resuscitation for patients with major trauma. BMJ. 2009;338:b1778. [medigraphic.com]

Acute hypertensive response in patients with stroke: pathophysiology and management. Circulation 118, 176–187 (2008). 5. Krishnan, K. et al. [nature.com]

[…] subdural hematoma (SDH), and epidural hematoma (EDH); if intra-axial, to locate the specific neuroanatomic site To determine the age of the hemorrhage To identify the etiology To aid in managing the bleed and in ascertaining the patient's prognosis Pathophysiology [emedicine.medscape.com]

Especially if embolization of the backdoor is not feasible, collateral supply via other intercostal arteries should be either ruled out or embolized to prevent ongoing hemorrhage. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

If you suffer from abnormalities, such as aneurysms, surgery may help to prevent future bleeding. Be careful with Coumadin. [webmd.com]