RESULTS: the Impaired gas exchange diagnosis was present in 42.6% of the children in the first assessment. Hypoxemia was the characteristic that presented the best measures of accuracy. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Fever

  Pooled estimates indicated that in middle-income countries children at-risk of intellectual disability were significantly more likely than their peers to have reported symptoms of ARI, diarrhoea and fever during the previous 2 weeks. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Definitions: Prevention = Interventions 1, 6 and 9 Recognise danger signs of pneumonia (rapid or difficult breathing, chest in-drawing, nasal flare and/or fever) Home-based management of cough, cold and fever Referral to health facility for high fever [wvi.org]

  Clinical features :  Fever, serous discharge, irritability.  Cervical lymphadenopathy, Nasopharyngeal congestion causing nasal block & difficulty breathing.  Eustachian tube block- serous otitis media 7. [slideshare.net]

• Malaise

  It is characterized by sudden onset of high fever, myalgia, headache and severe malaise, non-productive cough, sore throat, and rhinitis. [schoolsandhealth.org]

  Influenza : initially presents with systemic symptoms, including fever, rigors, headaches, myalgia, malaise and anorexia. [patient.info]

  They are not effective in treating nasal congestion, sinus pressure, sore throat, headache, or malaise from infections. [studenthealth.ucsf.edu]

  These symptoms include a runny nose or stuffy nose, sore throat, fever, headache, cough, malaise, or vague feeling of illness, muscle aches, loss of appetite, and ear pain. [mpkb.org]

  Symptoms commonly include fever, shivering, chills, malaise, dry cough, loss of appetite, body aches, and nausea, typically in connection with a sudden onset of illness. [en.wikipedia.org]

• Surgical Procedure

  Rarely, surgical procedures may be necessary in cases of complicated sinus infections, compromised airway with difficulty breathing, formation of abscesses behind the throat, or abscess formation of the tonsils (peritonsillar abscess). [medicinenet.com]

• Recurrent Infection

  Disorders of neutrophil function in children with recurrent pyogenic infections. Med Microbiol Immunol (Berl) 1982; 171: 113–22 CrossRef Google Scholar 41. Businco L, Laurenti F, Rossi P, et al. [doi.org]

• Pneumonia

  Pneumonia The most common cause of pneumonia in adults is a bacterium called Streptococcus pneumonia. Viruses can also cause pneumonia, most commonly the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in small children, and sometimes influenza. [europeanlung.org]

  The presence of S. pneumoniae antigen in urine is significantly (p≤0.01) higher in children with nasopharyngeal carriage of S. pneumoniae (40%) than non-carriers (20%). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Pneumonia WHO: Clinical Classification & Management 24. [slideshare.net]

• Cough

  As cough severity and financial concerns had the highest impact on QoL, effectively managing cough to reduce the clinical and financial burden on children and families is important. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Bronchiolitis causes babies and infants to have prolonged symptoms of wheeze and cough, lasting for weeks and months after the first symptoms. [europeanlung.org]

  Cough Suppressants * have demonstrated modest success in alleviating the cough which commonly accompanies acute respiratory infections. [studenthealth.ucsf.edu]

• Sore Throat

  We enrolled hospitalized patients who had temperature ≥37·3°C and at least one of: cough, sore throat, tachypnea, difficulty breathing, abnormal breath sounds on auscultation, sputum production, hemoptysis, chest pain, or chest radiograph consistent with [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  self-limited URI with symptoms of runny nose, sore throat, cough, sneezing, and nasal congestion. [aafp.org]

  They are not effective in treating nasal congestion, sinus pressure, sore throat, headache, or malaise from infections. [studenthealth.ucsf.edu]

  Check if you have an RTI Symptoms of an RTI include: a cough – you may bring up mucus (phlegm) sneezing a stuffy or runny nose a sore throat headaches muscle aches breathlessness, tight chest or wheezing a high temperature (fever) feeling generally unwell [nhs.uk]

• Hoarseness

  Acute LTB (Viral croup) CLINICAL FEATURES – Initial :- rhinorrhea, mild cough, fever – Later (24-48 hours) :- • Barking cough • Hoarseness of voice • Noisy breathing (mainly on inspiration) – Symptoms worsen at night and on lying down – Children prefer [slideshare.net]

  In addition to a runny nose and fever, signs of a cold include coughing, sneezing, nasal congestion, headache, muscle ache, chills, sore throat, hoarseness, watery eyes, tiredness, and lack of appetite. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

  Upper respiratory infections in the lower part of the upper respiratory tract, such as, laryngotracheitis, are more commonly featured with dry cough and hoarseness or loss of voice. [medicinenet.com]

• Dyspnea

  The results showed that the defining characteristics that better differentiate the studied diagnoses are agitation, irritability and diaphoresis for IGE; dyspnea, use of accessory muscles to breathe, orthopnea, and abnormal breathing pattern for IBP and [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Acute epiglottitis CLINICAL FEATURES – High fever, sore throat, dyspnea, rapidly progressing respiratory obstruction – Patient may become toxic, difficult swallowing, laboured breathing, drooling, hyperextended neck – Tripod position (sitting upright [slideshare.net]

  Dyspnea (34.8% vs. 8.7%, P=.032) and pneumonia (73.9% vs. 43.5%, P=.036) were more common in the RSV group. The RSV group frequently needed oxygen (52.5% vs. 13.0%, P=.005) and received nothing by mouth (43.5% vs. 13.0%, P=.022). [dbpia.co.kr]

• Back Pain

  Patients with glomerulonephritis may have loss of appetite, lethargy, dull back pain, and dark urine. Blood pressure may be elevated, and edema may occur. [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Facial Pain

  Symptoms include nasal obstruction, anterior or posterior purulent nasal discharge, facial pain, decrease in sense of smell, and cough. 26 Rhinosinusitis is classified as acute when symptoms are present for less than four weeks, subacute for four to 12 [aafp.org]

  Clinical symptoms include nasal congestion and obstruction, purulent nasal discharge, maxillary tooth pain, facial pain or pressure, fever, fatigue, cough, hyposmia or anosmia, ear pressure or fullness, headache, and halitosis. [annals.org]

  Antibiotics may be prescribed if there is fever, facial pain, and a purulent (yellowish green) discharge from the nose indicating a bacterial component to the sinusitis. [emedicinehealth.com]

• Fussiness

  In babies, cold symptoms may include: Trouble sleeping Fussiness Congestion in the nose Sometimes vomiting and diarrhea Fever Older children may have: Stuffy, runny nose Scratchy, tickly throat Watery eyes Sneezing Mild hacking cough Congestion Sore throat [hopkinsmedicine.org]

• Confusion

  Confusion Hard to breath can cause the brain to lack oxygen and other important substances in the body. This causes delirium or confusion and unclear thinking. Generally, this will happen to older people. 4. [en.tempo.co]

  Other signs of ARDS include: Low blood pressure Unusually fast breathing Confusion and exhaustion Blue-tinted lips or nails from lack of oxygen in the blood Dizziness Lots of sweating While many people are already in a hospital when they get ARDS, you [webmd.com]

  People who are confused about the drugs in any over-the-counter cold remedies should ask their pharmacist for an explanation. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

  Symptoms come on suddenly and include weakness, nausea, a hot dry body with a body temperature of over 41°C, dizziness, confusion, loss of coordination, fits and eventually collapse and loss of consciousness. [lonelyplanet.com]

• Agitation

  The results showed that the defining characteristics that better differentiate the studied diagnoses are agitation, irritability and diaphoresis for IGE; dyspnea, use of accessory muscles to breathe, orthopnea, and abnormal breathing pattern for IBP and [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  In the FilmArray, DNA/RNA is extracted from the sample through physical agitation and chemical disruption of the cells with beads. Possible results include Detected, Not Detected, Equivocal (Influenza A only) and Invalid. [currents.plos.org]

  The symptoms and signs worsen with agitation or crying at night. The end result of the respiratory distress may be exhaustion. With exhaustion, the stridor may disappear. [wikieducator.org]

Febrile infants (up to eight weeks of age) with AOM should have a full sepsis workup. [aafp.org]

We found that the mean annual ARI episode rate among GERD patients reduced by 11.4%, from 4.39 before PPI treatment, to 3.89 following treatment (mean change = -0.5 visit, 95% confidence interval (CI) = (-0.64, -0.36)). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

OTHER OPTIONS  CEFUROXIME OR CEFOTAXIME  CHOLRAMPHENICOL  Treatment Duration :-7-10 DAYS Rifampicin prophylaxis to close contacts 17. [slideshare.net]

Diagnostic Findings and Appropriate Treatments for Upper Respiratory Tract Infections Condition Key diagnostic findings Treatment Acute bronchitis and tracheitis Cough, possible phlegm production Symptomatic treatment; antibiotics are not recommended [aafp.org]

The identification of indicators associated with a poor clinical prognosis allows nurses to intervene early and to maximise the possibility of a good outcome. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Lung function tests have shown to be useful as diagnostic tools and for prognosis purposes. Pulse oximetry, also known as pulse ox, may be used to check how much oxygen gets into the lungs. [vikaspedia.in]

Rhinosinusitis The prognosis is generally favorable for acute rhinosinusitis, and many cases appear to resolve even without antibiotic therapy. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Upper Respiratory Infection Prognosis (Outlook) Upper respiratory infections are a common occurrence and most people will get two to four colds per year. [emedicinehealth.com]

The viral etiology, as well as the presence of multiple viral infections, was determined. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain demographic and clinical information. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Assess the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the diverse etiologies of febrile respiratory illness in children and adults in Southern Sri Lanka. 1d. Validate a clinical predictor for common etiologies of febrile illness. [globalhealth.duke.edu]

For this analysis, SEF is the proportion of SARI cases that might theoretically be eliminated if the etiology were eliminated (assuming a primary role for that etiologic pathogen in causing pneumonia). [bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com]

Through collaboration with USU, studies using novel diagnostic platforms for determining ARI etiology are also being conducted. [idcrp.org]

These findings provide a benchmark for future epidemiology and prevention strategies for HAdV. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Cerebral salt wasting: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 2010;21(2):339-52. doi: 10.1016/j.nec.2009.10.011. [PubMed: 20380974]. 14. Dholke H, Campos A, Reddy C, Panigrahi M. Cerebral salt wasting syndrome. [pedinfect.com]

Cause [ edit ] In terms of pathophysiology, rhinovirus infection resembles the immune response. The viruses do not cause damage to the cells of the upper respiratory tract, but rather cause changes in the tight junctions of epithelial cells. [en.wikipedia.org]

[…] incidence of pneumonia in a developing country is 10 times higher than that in the United States (McCracken, 2000) ARI related mortality is higher during infancy and particularly the neonatal period where more than half of the deaths occur (USAID 2008) Pathophysiology [bu.digication.com]

[email protected]. 2 Division of Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China. [email protected]. 3 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Although this may not ease one's symptoms, it will prevent the spreading of infectious diseases. Avoid touching one's face, especially eyes and mouth, to prevent introducing germs into one's system. Related resources ARI in children [vikaspedia.in]