When minor manifestations alone are present, the exclusion of other more likely causes of the clinical presentation is recommended before a diagnosis of an ARF recurrence is made (Class I, Level of Evidence C). [acc.org]

Low-grade carditis may present too late for diagnosis of the RF. [patient.info]

INVESTIGATIONS • ECG: Sinus tachycardia Sinus bradycardia First-degree atrioventricular (AV) block (prolongation of the PR interval) ST segment elevation may be present and is marked most in lead II, III, aVF, and V4 -V6 28 29. [slideshare.net]

This report examines and presents a range of data on acute rheumatic fever (ARF) and rheumatic heart disease (RHD) in Australia. [aihw.gov.au]

• Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease

  We studied 3 groups of hearts: 1) fifteen specimens obtained from patients who had no heart disease, 2) nine specimens from patients who had expired from cyanotic congenital heart disease, and 3) ten specimens from patients who had expired from acute [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Overeating

  Over a mean follow-up period of two years, no mortality was recorded, and all six patients were in NYHA class 1-2. We conclude that valve replacement is not contraindicated in acute rheumatic carditis and may be preferable to repair. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  A total of 86 children were diagnosed with ARF over an 11-year period. Taking into account differences in the population at risk over the years, an average incidence rate of 11.2/100000 was calculated. [pubs.sciepub.com]

  Carditis diagnosis in an era of widely available echocardiography: Numerous studies over the past 20 years have addressed the role of echocardiography (compared with purely clinical assessment) in the diagnosis of ARF. [acc.org]

  Readers should note that over time currency and completeness of the information may change. All users should seek advice from a qualified healthcare professional for a diagnosis and answers to their medical questions. [healthywa.wa.gov.au]

  Over four to six months her symptoms came under control. Her inflammatory markers, including serum Ferritin, returned to normal and remain low. [omicsonline.org]

• Emotional Outbursts

  It can also be associated with muscle weakness and emotional outbursts. Because of antibiotics, rheumatic fever is now rare in developed countries. [webmd.com]

  outbursts, such as crying or laughing for no apparent reason. [nhp.gov.in]

Following an initial diagnosis of ARF, patients require long-term treatment, including long-term antibiotic treatment to avoid further infections that may damage the heart (RHD et al, 2012; AIHW, 2013b). [pmc.gov.au]

“Our program is improving long-term compliance to treatment with the main aim of reducing cardiac morbidity rates in the Townsville HHS.” [health.qld.gov.au]

Treatment for rheumatic heart disease: Specific treatment for rheumatic heart disease will be determined by your child's physician based on: Your child's overall health and medical history Extent of the disease Your child's tolerance for specific medications [chw.org]

This can take years to show up, so you may need regular check-ups and further treatment when you're older. [nhs.uk]

Early treatment of streptococcal sore throat can prevent the development of rheumatic fever. [nhp.gov.in]

Rheumatic fever occurs in equal numbers in males and females, but the prognosis is worse for females than for males. [emedicine.medscape.com]

The average age among participants who died in our study was 29.4 years, confirming the aggressive nature and poor prognosis of RHD in Uganda. [bmccardiovascdisord.biomedcentral.com]

PROGNOSIS OF RHEUMATIC FEVER • Presence or absence of permanent cardiac damage • Cardiac status at the start of treatment • Recurrence of rheumatic fever • Regression of heart disease 41 42. [slideshare.net]

Insights into prognosis of valvular aortic stenosis. Circulation. 1994; 89 (2):642–650. [ PubMed : 8313553 ] Paar J. A., Berrios N. M., Rose J. D., Cáceres M., Peña R., Pérez W., et al. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Prognosis Rheumatic heart disease occurs in 30-45% of patients with acute RF [ 20 ]. Severe chronic valvular disease is associated with severe carditis and recurrent RF [ 21 ]. [patient.info]

This raises the possibility of an autoimmune etiology. [histopathology-india.net]

The pathogenesis of RHD is complex with both environmental and genetic factors contributing to its etiology. [clinicaltrials.gov]

New observations on the etiology of aortic valve disease: a surgical pathologic study of 236 cases from 1990. Hum Pathol. 1993 Dec. 24(12):1330-8. [Medline]. Veinot JP. Pathology of inflammatory native valvular heart disease. [emedicine.medscape.com]

"Association of Mannose-Binding Lectin Gene Polymorphism but Not of Mannose-Binding Serine Protease 2 with Chronic Severe Aortic Regurgitation of Rheumatic Etiology". Clinical and Vaccine Immunology : CVI 15 (6): 932–936. doi:10.1128/CVI.00324-07. [textbookofcardiology.org]

Group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis is the etiologic precursor of acute rheumatic fever, but host and environmental factors are important. [merckmanuals.com]

Epidemiologic implications: It is reasonable to consider individuals at low risk of ARF if they come from a setting or population with known low rates of ARF and RHD (Class IIa, Level of Evidence C). [acc.org]

Keywords: rheumatic fever, rheumatic heart disease, group A streptococcus, epidemiology This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited. [dovepress.com]

Search Strategy A literature search was performed on PubMed to identify studies that described the epidemiology of acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease. [pubs.sciepub.com]

OBJECTIVES  To know about the epidemiology of the disease  To understand the pathogenesis of rheumatic heart disease  To know about the clinical features: cardiac & non-cardiac manifestations  To learn about the laboratory studies of RHD  To understand [slideshare.net]

This review summarizes these findings and provides a clinical perspective on ARF/RHD pathogenesis, epidemiology, diagnosis, prevention, management and control. [link.springer.com]

Pathophysiology of rheumatic heart disease Micrograph showing an Aschoff body (right of image), as seen in rheumatic heart disease. [textbookofcardiology.org]

Essentials of pathophysiology: concepts of altered health states. Hagerstown, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. [en.wikipedia.org]

A comprehensive resource provided by the World Health Organization (WHO) addresses the diagnosis and treatment. [1] Pathophysiology Rheumatic fever develops in some children and adolescents following pharyngitis with group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus [emedicine.medscape.com]

Moreover, heart-M protein cross-reactive T cells have been isolated from the myocardium and the valves of RHD patients suggesting their involvement in the pathophysiology of the disease [ 7, 8 ]. [link.springer.com]

[…] on preventative action, diagnosis and management of acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease, and should be considered the difinitive source of information to guide all aspects of RHD management, prevention and control across Australia. [healthdirect.gov.au]

Different Preventions of RHD Type of Prevention Aim (What?) Modality (How?) [circ.ahajournals.org]

Following ARF diagnosis regular secondary prevention in the form of prophylaxis with antibiotic is started to prevent recurrent ARF and heart damage. [nhp.gov.in]

RHD registers are a central element of secondary disease prevention programs to prevent recurrence of ARF and reduce the occurrence or severity of RHD. [pmc.gov.au]

Quick reference guides cover the following topics: Primary prevention of ARF Diagnosis of ARF Management of ARF Secondary prevention of ARF Management of RHD RHD in pregnancy RHD control programs Access the guidelines and quick reference guides on the [heartfoundation.org.au]