Presentation
The fundus is essentially normal at presentation, but later can present pigment clumping with progression of retino-choroidal atrophy. [mdpi.com]
Inside the AZOOR line, minimal late extrachoroidal leakage was present (zone 2). [eyewiki.aao.org]
The pathology and vision impairment are present in a unilateral presentation. However, concomitant involvement of the other eye is observed in some individuals. (55 Crawford CM, Rivers BA, Nelson M. [scielo.br]
Psychiatrical
- Impulsivity
The retina contains photoreceptor cells that convert (or process) incoming light into electrical impulses. [visionaware.org]
Workup
The course of AZOOR, its clinical presentations, hypothesis of etiology, differential diagnosis, workup, management, and prognosis are reviewed. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
With further study, "we may be able to suggest specific systemic autoimmune workups in the future for these patients," they wrote. Dr. [medpagetoday.com]
Treatment
Patients remained stable without treatment during a follow-up period ranging from 1 to 3 years. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Treatment is empiric, including systemic steroids and/or immunosuppressive agents [3]. [mdpi.com]
Prognosis
The course of AZOOR, its clinical presentations, hypothesis of etiology, differential diagnosis, workup, management, and prognosis are reviewed. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
The clinical characteristics and prognosis of acute zonal occult outer retin) The therapeutic effects of systemic steroid or immunosuppressive agents have been sporadically reported in the literature. [scielo.br]
Due to the rarity of AZOOR, it is difficult to characterize the progression and prognosis of this disease and the clinical course can be variable. [eyewiki.aao.org]
Etiology
Acute zonal occult outer retinopathy (AZOOR) is a disorder of unknown etiology with a predilection for young women. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Although antibody studies have ruled out the autoimmune etiology of this disease, we believe that further investigation is needed to verify the etiology of choroidal alteration and its association with the specific disease, and may represent an association [scielo.br]
Conclusion: In addition to classic diagnostic modalities, photoreceptor attenuation observed with Cirrus SD-OCT can contribute to the diagnosis of acute zonal occult outer retinopathy and may help elucidate the etiology of this puzzling condition. [scholars.northwestern.edu]
Epidemiology
Diagnosis: Acute Zonal Occult Outer Retinopathy (AZOOR) and Acute Idiopathic Blind Spot Enlargement Syndrome (AIBSE) EPIDEMIOLOGY young women (30s) incidence unknown etiology: unknown SIGNS Normal Exam (33%) RPE changes (26%) Optic disc edema (20%) Grayish [webeye.ophth.uiowa.edu]
[…] blind-spot enlargement syndrome (AIBES), multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS), acute macular neuroretinopathy (AMN) and other white dot syndromes, as symptoms and findings can overlap; however, this has yet to be clearly determined.[2][3][4][5][6] Epidemiology [eyewiki.aao.org]
Pathophysiology
PURPOSE: To elucidate the pathophysiology of the diseases recently grouped under the name of acute zonal occult outer retinopathy (AZOOR). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Comprehensively updated to reflect everything you need to know regarding retinal diagnosis, treatment, development, structure, function, and pathophysiology, this monumental ophthalmology reference work equips you with expert answers to virtually any [books.google.com]
Conclusion Azoor is a rare disease with poorly understood pathophysiology. We describe a case occurred in a male patient in a peripheral area with choroidal thinning and associated autoimmune disease. [scielo.br]
Prevention
Washington Avenue, Room 508, New York, NY 10032; e-mail: [email protected] Supported in part by grants from the National Eye Institute/National Institutes of Health EY024091, EY021163, and EY09076; Foundation Fighting Blindness; and a grant from Research to Prevent [journals.lww.com]
Related Links: ConclusionsOur study provides new insight into underlying mechanisms of DM, and we suggest that we should pay more attention to these metabolic pathways in the prevention and treatment of DM. [medworm.com]
The study was supported in part by an unrestricted grant from Research to Prevent Blindness, by the Macula Foundation, by a grant from the Macula Society, and by the National Institute on Aging. The researchers reported no conflicts of interest. [medpagetoday.com]
[…] attenuation of ellipsoid zone and loss of interdigitation zone has been observed on adaptive optic-OCT imaging in some studies [18] Differential diagnosis An understanding of the multimodal imaging findings and presenting symptoms as outlined above may prevent [eyewiki.aao.org]