Adnexitis, a term formerly used to denote inflammation of the adnexal parts of the uterus (the ovaries and the fallopian tubes, hence it was often mentioned as salpingo-oophoritis in the literature) is now more commonly enclosed in pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), an infectious disorder of the upper genital tract that is principally seen in younger and sexually active women [1] [3] [4]. Many authors describe "adnexal masses" as distinct clinical entities, which may arise due to ovarian, tubal, or other abdominal etiologies in addition to PID [3]. Furthermore, the term "male adnexitis" was also used by some studies to illustrate this condition in males [2]. Regardless of the etiology, symptoms in the form of pelvic or abdominal pain, as well as tenderness and fever appear when the adnexa are affected by a pathological process [5] [6].

• Inflammation

  If not treated, the inflammation becomes chronic, which can cause infertility. Adnexitis is an inflammation of the fallopian tubes and then the ovaries. It can be unilateral or bilateral. [tip10.info]

  Treatment of adnexitis Treatment of any inflammation is usually initiated with antibiotics. Rest and adequate fluid intake are recommended during home care. If severe pain accompanies inflammation, painkillers are prescribed. [penoxal.com]

  Adnexitis (or inflammation of the appendages) is a common name for a group of infectious and inflammatory gynecological diseases. [doxycycline-info.net]

  Any sexually transmitted infections eventually will cause inflammation including the inflammation of the uterine appendages. Copper T as a method of contraception may also be a risk factor for adnexitis symptoms. [brulanta.com]

• Weakness

  Symptoms may return as a result of a weak immune system which should be targeted using the right natural food supplement, and also due to antibiotics affecting the body. [penoxal.com]

  […] either pain in the pelvis (the lower part of the abdomen), painful menstruation (algomenorrhea), pain during intercourse, vaginal itching, leucorrhoea (vaginal discharge), decreased libido, as well as vomiting, nausea, indigestion, insomnia, headache, weakness [survincity.com]

  There are no direct causes for adnexitis, but there are factors which promote infection development in uterine appendages: Sexual intercourse during the periods when the mucus protection of the genital system is weak and infectious agents penetrate to [brulanta.com]

  Acute adnexitis is characterized by rapid, sometimes drastic development of the following symptoms: sharp pain in the lower abdomen or lumbar region; fever (high temperature, chills, weakness); vaginal discharge in the form of mucus or suppuration. [oxford-med.com.ua]

• Swelling

  If adnexitis is acute, in the fallopian tube is a reddened area that swells and can cause tube obstruction. Also, burning or stinging may occur locally, with febrile episodes, abnormal vaginal discharge, vomiting and longer menstruating. [sooperarticles.com]

  In some cases the pain may be accompanied by phenomena of irritation pelvic peritoneum: swelling of the abdomen, nausea, vomiting, stool retention; palpation revealed a sharp pain in the lower abdomen, sometimes pronounced symptom muscle protection in [medicalency.com]

  (1) Distinct classification Adnexitis refers back to the swelling from the female’s fallopian tubes and ovary, that is also a type of pelvic inflamed disease. [medium.com]

  After assessing your symptoms and reviewing your medical history, your doctor will perform a physical exam to look for areas of tenderness and swelling. [healthline.com]

  The infectious agent causes swelling of the tissues of uterine appendages, it appears pain. Provided serous or purulent secretion, sometimes mixed with blood. [drleilanematollahi.com]

• Candidiasis

  Gynecological pathologies (adnexitis, cervical erosion, candidiasis) Patologías ginecológicas (anexitis, erosión cervical, candidiasis) Other infections such as adnexitis, acne, nail inflammation and lymphangitis may also be treated. [ingles.com]

  Patologías ginecológicas (anexitis, erosión cervical, candidiasis) Gynecological pathologies (adnexitis, cervical erosion, candidiasis) Las principales indicaciones para el procedimiento: forunculosis, acné, neumonía, anexitis, neurodermatitis, dermatitis [context.reverso.net]

  […] months and you’ll get rid of adnexitis for good Treat Adnexitis with Vaginal Irrigations This easy to fix remedy is based on marigold tincture, and we all know that marigolds are amazing when it comes to healing the woman’s most common problems, such as candidiasis [mynaturaltreatment.com]

• Lower Abdominal Pain

  Clinical manifestations Adnexitis: acute or slowly progressive lower abdominal pain, often bilateral; frequently begins after menses; fever; palpable tender mass. [ultrasound-cases.blogspot.com]

  […] surgical removal PID Lower bilateral abdominal pain Fever Menorrhagia and metrorrhagia Dyspareunia Cervical discharge Cervical motion tenderness (CMT) Antibiotics Appendicitis Initially diffuse epigastric pain Later localized right lower quadrant pain [amboss.com]

  The initial symptom (which may be in either the right or left upper quadrants)2 may often be overlooked with the moderately severe lower abdominal pain characteristic of acute pelvic inflammatory disease. [jamanetwork.com]

  Salpingitis may cause dull, cramping lower abdominal pain, fever, vaginal discharge, and fertility problems. Antibiotics and sometimes surgery are used to treat the condition. [myhealth.alberta.ca]

• Dermatitis

  […] see also Salpingo-oophoritis) 614.2 tubo-ovarian (see also Salpingo-oophoritis) 614.2 Adnexitis (suppurative) (see also Salpingo-oophoritis) 614.2 Disease, diseased - see also Syndrome tubo-ovarian Gangrene, gangrenous (anemia) (artery) (cellulitis) (dermatitis [icd9data.com]

  The main indications for the procedure: furunculosis, acne, pneumonia, adnexitis, neurodermatitis, atopic dermatitis and many other ailments. [context.reverso.net]

  I was taking it while treating dermatitis. When my daughter had acute pharyngitis, Zithromax was the only drug that helped. I always take Zithromax from this seller (THE SITE). [pharmacy-2019.com]

• Pruritus

  […] uterine contraction curve陣痛曲線 uterine corpus子宮体部 uterine leiomyoma子宮筋腫 uterine myoma子宮筋腫 uterus子宮 v vacuum extraction delivery(VE)吸引分娩 vagina膣 vaginitis膣炎 variable deceleration変動性一過性徐脈 vulva外陰 vulvar cancer外陰癌 vulvar intraepithelialneoplasia外陰上皮内腫瘍 vulvar pruritus [tokyo-med.ac.jp]

• Salpingitis

  Salpingitis is sometimes called pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Types of Salpingitis There are two types of salpingitis: acute and chronic. [mamashealth.com]

  Acute and chronic salpingitis[edit] There are two types of salpingitis: acute salpingitis and chronic salpingitis. [en.wikipedia.org]

  […] of fallopian tube Fallopian tube abscess Oophoritis Oophoritis (inflammation of the ovaries) Pyosalpingitis Pyosalpingitis (inflammation of fallopian tube with pus) Pyosalpinx Salpingitis Salpingitis (inflammation of fallopian tubes) Salpingitis and [icd9data.com]

  Adnexitis (Salpingitis) is an infection and inflammation in the fallopian tubes. There are two types of salpingitis: Acute salpingitis and chronic salpingitis. [doctors.am]

  H ► Histopathology of salpingitis ‎ (8 F) File nella categoria "Salpingitis" Questa categoria contiene 5 file, indicati di seguito, su un totale di 5. [commons.wikimedia.org]

• Burning Sensation

  It is manifested by a burning sensation and local tension, pain, fever, urinary disorders and disorders related to menstruation. [sooperarticles.com]

The diagnosis of adnexitis and adnexal pathologies relies on the ability of the physician to recognize the key signs and symptoms [5] [6]. For this reason, a detailed patient history and a thorough physical examination are crucial steps toward the diagnosis. Basic information, such as age, at-risk behavior, and ethnicity may significantly aid in narrowing the differential diagnosis if an adnexal mass is identified [4] [6]. As soon as clinical suspicion is raised, a full laboratory evaluation consisting of a complete blood count (CBC), serum inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and fibrinogen), a full coagulation panel, and serum electrolytes should be conducted [3] [6]. Ultrasonography (both abdominal, but more commonly transvaginal) is a useful first-line study that can detect numerous pathologies in the adnexa, but computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are often recommended to solidify the diagnosis [3] [4] [5] [6].

• Chlamydia

  Published: March 1979 The role of chlamydiae in male urethro-adnexitis Infection volume 7, pages S228–S230 (1979)Cite this article Zusammenfassung Chlamydien der Untergruppe A kommen sowohl in der normalen männlichen Harnröhre als auch bei Urethro-Adnexitiden [link.springer.com]

  Chlamydia trachomatis is the predominant sexually transmitted organism associated with PID. [emedicine.com]

  Approximately 100,000 people are infected with chlamydia in Austria alone. One in 30 adults and one in 16 teenagers are infected. Chlamydia proliferates very slowly and initially shows no symptoms. [vivaneo.at]

• Chlamydia Trachomatis

  Chlamydia trachomatis is the predominant sexually transmitted organism associated with PID. [emedicine.com]

  trachomatis is today the most frequent cause of sexually transmitted diseases. [semanticscholar.org]

  Infections with Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae are increasing worldwide. They are one of the main causes of tubal sterility, chronic abdominal pain and ectopic pregnancies. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

It seems that supplementary laparoscopic procedures might be more efficient than medical treatment alone. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

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The duration of this treatment - 10 days. [pharmacy-peoples.com]

Of course, the doctor should make the final diagnosis before prescribing treatment. [geeks-world.github.io]

National treatment of an adnexitis National treatment of an adnexitis is used quite widely, especially it is justified at a chronic adnexitis. [en.medicalmed.de]

The prognosis for uncomplicated adnexitis generally favorable, but in some cases may develop persistent infertility, menstrual dysfunction, increased risk of ectopic pregnancy. [med-reference.blogspot.com]

[…] become prominent due to infection draining in to lymphatics along the course of the gonadal veins MRI May show an ill-defined adnexal mass containing fluid with various signal intensities: T1+C (Gd): wall and surrounding tissues may enhance Treatment and prognosis [radiopaedia.org]

Particularly serious and adverse prognosis, if there is a bilateral lesion of uterine appendages. Not the best variant of chronic adnexitis - ectopic pregnancy. [drleilanematollahi.com]

Especially serious and unfavorable prognosis, if bilateral defeat of uterine appendages is observed. Not the best variant of a course of a chronic adnexitis - an ectopic pregnancy. [en.medicine-worlds.com]

[…] premature ovarian failure早発閉経（早発卵巣機能不全） premature rupture of themembranes前期破水 premature separation ofnormally implanted placenta常位胎盤早期剥離 premenstrual syndrome月経前症候群（月経前緊張症） presentation胎位 preterm早期 primordial follicle原始卵胞 primordial germ cell原始生殖細胞 prognosis [tokyo-med.ac.jp]

"[Treatment of Chronic Adnexitis and Parametritis of Gonorrheal and Septic Etiology]." Medicinski Arhiv, vol. 8, no. 2, 1954, pp. 55-70. STAMBOLOVIC B. [Treatment of chronic adnexitis and parametritis of gonorrheal and septic etiology]. [unboundmedicine.com]

Many authors describe "adnexal masses" as distinct clinical entities, which may arise due to ovarian, tubal, or other abdominal etiologies in addition to PID. [symptoma.com]

Chronic adnexitis tubercular etiology patients often complaints, characteristic for adnexitis, is not presented, calling for infertility. [medicalency.com]

In cases of suspected tuberculous etiology adnexitis used diagnostic curettage, seeding of menstrual blood, metrosal-pingografiyu, tuberculin test - Mantoux test, Koch. [med-reference.blogspot.com]

Patho physiological mechanisms and etiological factors in male infertility are largely unknown. [books.google.com]

References:[1][2][3] Epidemiological data refers to the US, unless otherwise specified. [amboss.com]

Epidemiology[edit] Over one million cases of acute salpingitis are reported every year in the US, but the number of incidents is probably larger, due to incomplete and untimely reporting methods and that many cases are reported first when the illness [en.wikipedia.org]

The epidemiology of Chlamydia trachomatis within a sexually transmitted diseases core group. J Infect Dis. 1996 Apr. 173(4):950-6. [Medline]. Bjartling C, Osser S, Johnsson A, Persson K. [emedicine.com]

Pathophysiology Most cases of PID are presumed to occur in 2 stages. The first stage is acquisition of a vaginal or cervical infection. This infection is often sexually transmitted and may be asymptomatic. [emedicine.com]

Prevention focuses on preventing abortions, proper management of the postpartum period (infection prevention). [med-reference.blogspot.com]

Preventing adnexitis Optimal PID prevention involves responsibility when choosing sexual partners and safe sex, even though barrier methods of birth control (condom) are not 100% effective against the infection transmission. [penoxal.com]

الصفحة 290 - Antibiotic prophylaxis for the prevention of bacterial infections in cirrhotic patients with gastrointestinal bleeding: A meta-analysis. Hepatology 1999; 29: 1655-61 6. ‏ [books.google.com]

Prevention. The warning adnexitis important role to play in combating crime (outpatient) abortion, prevention of sexually transmitted diseases ( gonorrhoea ), the correct maintenance of the postnatal period (prevention of infections). [medicalency.com]

1. Lauper U, Schlatter C. Adnexitis and pelvic inflammatory disease. [Article in German] Gynakol Geburtshilfliche Rundsch. 2005;45(1):14-18.
2. Diemer T, Gralla O. Male adnexitis. [Article in German] Urologe A. 2008;47(12):1573.
3. Porter RS, Kaplan JL. Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy. 19th Edition. Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. Whitehouse Station, N.J; 2011.
4. Biggs WS, Marks ST. Diagnosis and Management of Adnexal Masses. Am Fam Physician. 2016;93(8):676-681.
5. Gradison M. Pelvic inflammatory disease. Am Fam Physician. 2012;85(8):791-796.
6. Bhavsar AK, Gelner EJ, Shorma T. Common Questions About the Evaluation of Acute Pelvic Pain. Am Fam Physician. 2016;93(1):41-48.