We have also reviewed the literature to present a discussion on presentation, diagnosis, and management of this rare tumor. [Indexed for MEDLINE] Free full text [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

We have also reviewed the literature to present a discussion on presentation, diagnosis, and management of this rare tumor. Keywords: Adult, neuroblstoma, adrenal gland How to cite this article: Gupta P, Maiti A, Aich RK, Deb AR. [cancerjournal.net]

Besides muscle weakness, our patient also presented with hyperaldosteronism which is quite rare and is considered an unexpected atypical presentation according to the medical literature [ 8 ]. [jmedicalcasereports.biomedcentral.com]

Presentation A 3 year old child presented with pain and a lump in the right side of the abdomen. An ultrasound was performed. [sonoworld.com]

In this index case, the patient was presented at 23 yrs of age which is rarely observed .Consequently clinical data regarding presentation, management, and outcome of adult patients with neuroblastoma are scarce and most patients appear to be treated [rroij.com]

In addition, little is known about the extent of the imaging approach and workup needed for the diagnosis of cystic congenital adrenal neuroblastoma. [ajronline.org]

The staging workup included a positron emission tomography (PET) scan, repeat computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis, bone scan, and bilateral bone marrow aspirates and biopsies, all of which revealed no evidence of metastatic [theoncologist.onlinelibrary.wiley.com]

A laboratory workup disclosed decreased serum potassium level of 2.7 mEq/L and a normal serum sodium level of 135.9 mEq/L. Her kidney function was within normal limits with blood urea nitrogen (BUN) of 8.9 mg/dL and a creatinine level of 0.79 mg/dL. [jmedicalcasereports.biomedcentral.com]

This report describes the diagnosis, surgical treatment, and follow-up of a dog with an abdominal peripheral neuroblastoma. [figshare.com]

"Neuroblastoma Treatment". National Cancer Institute. 20 January 2016. Retrieved 9 November 2016. "Neuroblastoma Treatment". National Cancer Institute. 25 August 2016. Retrieved 10 November 2016. [rroij.com]

In our case, regarding treatment, we only performed surgical resection of the tumor but no chemotherapy or radiation therapy was done after the operation. [jmedicalcasereports.biomedcentral.com]

Surgery is indicated for stage 1 and 2 tumors while chemotherapy and radiation are the primary treatment modalities for advanced tumors. CONCLUSION The bilateral neuroblastoma is a rare entity. [appliedradiology.com]

38 Marino S...Di Cataldo A 27285992 2016 19 Laparoscopic treatment of adrenal masses in children: Report of two cases and review of literature. 38 Orofino A...Paradies G 27251661 2016 20 Rituximab treatment for relapsed opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. [malacards.org]

Incorrect: gender does not significantly affect prognosis in neuroblastoma. Comment Here Back to top [pathologyoutlines.com]

Besides, disease prognosis is not constant over time, and the conditional survival (CS) of patients with NB needs to be evaluated, especially for those who had survived over 14 years old. [auajournals.org]

These generally present at an advanced stage, may have an aggressive course and worse prognosis; with ultimate survival being less than 5%. [cancerjournal.net]

However, the prognosis was poor and he died 10 months after the operation. Although neuroblastoma of adrenal gland is rare in adulthood, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis for patients with adrenal masses. [tandfonline.com]

Fluorescence in situ hybridization for 1p36 deletion was negative and no N‐ myc amplification was detected, all of which suggested a more favorable prognosis. [theoncologist.onlinelibrary.wiley.com]

Familial neuroblastoma: Case reports, literature review, and etiologic considerations. Cancer. 1986;57:1887-1893. Saks JB, Bryan PJ, Yulish BS, et al. Comparison of computed tomography and ultrasound in the evaluation of abdominal neuroblastoma. [appliedradiology.com]

Etiology Cause : unclear Genetic associations : chromosomal abnormalities, especially deletions (found in 50% of neuroblastomas) Deletions of the short arm of chromosome 1 (1p deletion) amplification and overexpression of oncogene MYCN ( N-myc ) Risk [amboss.com]

[…] anywhere in distribution of sympathoadrenal neuroendocrine system Most in adrenal gland ( 40%), followed by connective / subcutaneous / soft tissue ( 20%), retroperitoneum ( 15%), mediastinum ( 10%) ( SEER Program: NIH Pub No 99-4649; Bethesda, MD, 1999 ) Etiology [pathologyoutlines.com]

The etiology of this tumor is unknown in most of cases. Only few cases are familial [ 5 ]. [rroij.com]

etiology and causative factors of neuroblastoma are not well understood at this point. [eyewiki.aao.org]

References: [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] Epidemiological data refers to the US, unless otherwise specified. [amboss.com]

Adrenal neuroblastoma occurs almost entirely in infants and in children; according to surveillance, epidemiology and end results. [rroij.com]

"The epidemiology of neuroblastoma: a review". Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology. 23 (2): 125–43. doi : 10.1111/j.1365-3016.2008.00983.x. PMID 19159399. Esthesioneuroblastoma at eMedicine Cheung, Nai-Kong (2005). Neuroblastoma. [en.wikipedia.org]

Epidemiology This set of tumors is considered almost exclusively a disease of pediatric population. Neuroblastoma is the most common solid extracranial tumor, accounting for third most common childhood cancer, after leukemia and brain tumors. [intechopen.com]

Pathophysiology Neuroblastoma is derived from precursor cells of the sympathetic nervous system, which require a cohort of transcription factors to properly differentiate into mature sympathetic neurons. [eyewiki.aao.org]

To prevent the problems this causes, stem cells (blood cells at their earliest stages of development) are collected from your child’s blood before the chemotherapy is given. These stem cells are then frozen and stored until required. [macmillan.org.uk]

Other postulated theories include toxic metabolites from cancer or from chemotherapy causing axoplasmic transport stasis. [23] Primary prevention As most of neuroblastoma is sporadic or genetic, there are no primary prevention measures. [eyewiki.aao.org]

Local control, metastatic control, and the prevention of relapse are the goal of treatment 7.1. [intechopen.com]

Retinoids are often used after other treatments to help prevent the cancer from growing back. Other treatment options include tumor vaccines and immunotherapy using monoclonal antibodies. [kidshealth.org]

Close attention is paid to these side effects and to antibiotics to prevent or treat infections. Other supportive care is also given. Also, new methods are continually being discovered to improve treatment approaches and to decrease side effects. [cincinnatichildrens.org]