Presentation
The present study investigates the ex vivo responsiveness of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) specimens to glufosfamide. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
It usually presents with multilineage dysplasia and cytopenias 5-10 years after exposure, with symptoms related to the degree of bone marrow failure and the corresponding cytopenia (fatigue, bleeding and bruising, recurrent infections, bone pain). [orpha.net]
Entire Body System
- Anemia
The mRNA encoding the major bcr/abl fusion protein then appeared in the stage of sideroblastic anemia. Finally, the mRNA encoding both major and minor bcr/abl was detected in the stage of AUL transformation. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
[…] that cause irreversible damage to tumor cells and apoptotic destruction Route of administration IV, oral Adverse reactions Stomatitis, N&V, diarrhea, skin rash, anemia, alopecia; with cyclophosphamide, hemorrhagic cystitis, cardiac toxicity. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]
- Fatigue
It usually presents with multilineage dysplasia and cytopenias 5-10 years after exposure, with symptoms related to the degree of bone marrow failure and the corresponding cytopenia (fatigue, bleeding and bruising, recurrent infections, bone pain). [orpha.net]
Skin
- Alopecia
[…] that cause irreversible damage to tumor cells and apoptotic destruction Route of administration IV, oral Adverse reactions Stomatitis, N&V, diarrhea, skin rash, anemia, alopecia; with cyclophosphamide, hemorrhagic cystitis, cardiac toxicity. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]
Side effects of all alkylating agents include myelosuppersion (leading to anemia), stomatitis (irritation of the mucous membranes of the mouth), alopecia (hair falling out), lower fertility, and nausea and upset stomach. [carboplatin.org]
Alopecia 4. Damage to epithelial tissues Cisplatin (Platinol, DDP) -Heavy metal complex with platinum. -Given IV. -Highly protein bound. -Patient well hydrated 24 hours before and after for good urine output (sometimes give mannitol). [quizlet.com]
MechlorethamineBM suppression, and intestinal mucosa List 4 Nitrogen MustardsMechlorethamine, cyclosphosphamide, ifosfamide, melphalan Adverse Effect of cyclophosphamideMetabolism can produce acrolein (toxic) treat with MESNA, immunosuppression and alopecia [memorize.com]
– Ifosfamide causes less alopecia and is less emetogenic than cyclophosphamide. – Dose: 0.1 g inj. 10. • Chlorambucil – Slow acting alkylating agent – Active against lymphoid, myeloid tissue cancers – It is the drug of choice for the long-term maintenance [slideshare.net]
Neurologic
- Irritability
Side effects of all alkylating agents include myelosuppersion (leading to anemia), stomatitis (irritation of the mucous membranes of the mouth), alopecia (hair falling out), lower fertility, and nausea and upset stomach. [carboplatin.org]
Summary Table of Early Alkylating Agent Toxicities : Drug Toxicity Special Considerations Cyclophosphamide Ifosfamide Hemorrhagic cystitis can occur due to the irritating effects of urinary metabolites on bladder mucosa. [pedsoncologyeducation.com]
It is given intravenously, but can be irritating to the vein as well as any surrounding tissue it contacts. Therefore, it is important for the person giving the treatment to have specialized training. [chemoth.com]
Treatment
Furthermore, we demonstrate that different CEES treatment protocols significantly influence the cytotoxicity profiles of treated cells. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Prognosis
The prognosis of OCS remains poor. Optimal cytoreduction may improve survival, but new anticancer drugs or more effective regimens are awaited. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Definition / general Occurs median 5 years after initiation of therapy Risk is associated with patient age and cumulative dose of alkylating agent Typically presents with myelodysplastic syndrome and bone marrow failure Poor prognosis; median survival [pathologyoutlines.com]
Etiology
Google Scholar Greenblatt MS, Bennett WP, Hollstein M and Harris CC. (1994) Mutations in the p53 tumor suppressor gene: clues to cancer etiology and molecular pathogenesis. Cancer Res 54: 4855-4878. [link.springer.com]
Epidemiology
It is independent of the drug dose distribution of a particular patient population, a characteristic that will allow direct comparisons of outcomes among epidemiological cohorts. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Epidemiology of gliomas. Cancer Treat Res. 2015. 163:1-14. [Medline]. Hardell L, Carlberg M. Mobile phone and cordless phone use and the risk for glioma - Analysis of pooled case-control studies in Sweden, 1997-2003 and 2007-2009. [emedicine.medscape.com]
Pathophysiology
Author information 1 Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 388 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China. [email protected] Abstract Our previous proteome analysis showed that the nuclear isoform of [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Pathophysiology. 2015 Mar. 22 (1):1-13. [Medline]. Lahkola A, Auvinen A, Raitanen J, Schoemaker MJ, Christensen HC, Feychting M, et al. Mobile phone use and risk of glioma in 5 North European countries. Int J Cancer. 2007 Apr 15. 120(8):1769-75. [emedicine.medscape.com]
Prevention
Furthermore, 3-AB or 4-AN prevented progressive DNA degradation in MNNG-treated CCRF-CEM cells. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Thus the synthesis of RNA is prevented. [chemwiki.ucdavis.edu]