The present case showed that group G alpha-hemolytic S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis can be associated with serious invasive infection and poststreptococcal sequelae. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Data is presented so the reader takes away as much as possible from every word, every sentence, and every minute spent studying. [books.google.com]

Some species that can cause infection are also present in some healthy people but cause no symptoms. These people are called carriers. [netdoctor.co.uk]

The disease presents with various clinical manifestations, including arthritis, carditis, chorea, subcutaneous nodules, and erythema marginatum. Rheumatic fever may be the result of host genetic predisposition. [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Swelling

  Serotyping The quellung reaction (swelling reaction) forms the basis of serotyping and relies on the swelling of the capsule upon binding of homologous antibody. [textbookofbacteriology.net]

  Flesh-eating bacteria is characterized by fever, extreme pain, swelling, and redness at a site where skin is broken. Symptoms of toxic shock include abdominal pain, confusion, dizziness, and widespread red skin rash. [encyclopedia.com]

  Infected children should stay away from school or nursery until advised to return by their doctor, and any wound or cut should be kept clean and checked for possible signs of infection such as redness, swelling and drainage. [netdoctor.co.uk]

  […] characteristics GRAM-POSITIVE COCCI NONMOTILE NON-SPORE-FORMING CATALASE: NEGATIVE OXIDASE: NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC Identification of Streptococcus pneumoniae The optochin test (sensitive to optochin) The bile solubility test (positive) Capsular swelling [microbiologyinpictures.com]

  A 25-year-old man with pain and swelling of the right hand and hypotension. - Enhancing a Cryptic Killer - Sacramento girl needed amputations after 5-hour wait at emergency room - Invasive Streptococcus pyogenes after allograft implantation--Colorado, [wheelessonline.com]

• Chills

  The infection is characterized by sore throat, chills, fever, swollen lymph nodes in the neck, and sometimes nausea and vomiting. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

  Symptoms include extreme tiredness, weakness, fever, chills, night sweats, and weight loss. The infection can progress, resulting in problems with heart function in some cases. [humanillnesses.com]

  Children will often carry the bacteria in their throats without being affected. 7 Symptoms will usually begin suddenly with a sever chill and then followed by high fever, chest pains, shortness of breath, cough, and rapid breathing. [austincc.edu]

  Symptoms of the disease include sudden chill, fever, cough, pleuritic pain, or sputum with a red/brown rusty color. Microbiological characteristics Streptococcus pneumoniae is a gram-positive coccus. [web.uconn.edu]

  The incubation period of 2 to 5 days is followed by chills and fever, fiery red pharyngeal mucosa, small crypt abscesses in enlarged tonsils, and a bright red tongue with edematous papillae ("raspberry tongue"). [histopathology-india.net]

• Congestive Heart Failure

  Corticosteroid therapy is only for patients with significant carditis, especially cardiomegaly or congestive heart failure. Prednisone is the drug of choice, starting at 2 mg/kg/day in divided doses not to exceed a total dose of 80 mg/day ( 55 ). [antimicrobe.org]

• Lymphadenopathy

  at level of fascia, streptococci pyogenes, produces acute gangrene, a form of necrotizing fascitis; - look for early rapid onset of marked tissue edema and redness w/ little pain, progressing to local cyanosis & skin blistering; - lymphangitis and lymphadenopathy [wheelessonline.com]

• Anorexia

  […] commonly due to viruses–eg, EBV and CMV, and less commonly due to streptococci; other agents causing ST include diphtheria, tularemia, toxoplasmosis, brucellosis, salmonellosis, TB; true ST has a 2-4 day incubation, dysphagia, headache, malaise, fever, anorexia [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

• Vomiting

  The infection is characterized by sore throat, chills, fever, swollen lymph nodes in the neck, and sometimes nausea and vomiting. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

  Symptoms include fever, weakness, vomiting, irritability, and stiff neck. [humanillnesses.com]

  Meningitis – an infection of the lining of the brain that causes a severe headache, vomiting, stiff neck, sensitivity to light and a distinctive blotchy red rash that does not blanch or go pale when a glass is pressed against it. [netdoctor.co.uk]

  The majority of those infected by GAS either have no symptoms or develop enlarged lymph nodes, fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, weakness, and a rapid heartbeat. [encyclopedia.com]

• Abdominal Pain

  Young children may complain of abdominal pain. The tonsils look swollen and are bright red, with white or yellow patches of pus on them. Sometimes the roof of the mouth is red or has small red spots. Often a person with strep throat has bad breath. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

  Flesh-eating bacteria is characterized by fever, extreme pain, swelling, and redness at a site where skin is broken. Symptoms of toxic shock include abdominal pain, confusion, dizziness, and widespread red skin rash. [encyclopedia.com]

• Nausea

  The infection is characterized by sore throat, chills, fever, swollen lymph nodes in the neck, and sometimes nausea and vomiting. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

  The majority of those infected by GAS either have no symptoms or develop enlarged lymph nodes, fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, weakness, and a rapid heartbeat. [encyclopedia.com]

• Gagging

  The procedure takes only a few seconds, but may cause gagging. For a throat culture a sample of swabbed material is cultured, or grown, in the laboratory on a medium that allows technicians to determine what kind of bacteria are present. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

• Heart Failure

  […] valves (very common) and cause chronic heart failure. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

  Corticosteroid therapy is only for patients with significant carditis, especially cardiomegaly or congestive heart failure. Prednisone is the drug of choice, starting at 2 mg/kg/day in divided doses not to exceed a total dose of 80 mg/day ( 55 ). [antimicrobe.org]

• Tachycardia

  An elderly diabetic man presents to hospital with a fever, tachycardia and hypotension. He is septic and so blood cultures are taken and he is started on IV Piptazobactam as per the hospitals empirical guidelines for sepsis. [microbiologynutsandbolts.co.uk]

• Costovertebral Angle Tenderness

  Angle Tenderness 1161 Checking for Deep Tendon Reflexes and Clonus 1163 Pelvic Examination 1169 Obtaining a Specimen for Papanicolaou Pap Diagnostic Evaluation 1195 Obtaining a Specimen for Gonococcal GC and Chlamydia Diagnostic Testing 1199 Making a [books.google.de]

• Joint Swelling

  Anti-inflammatory drugs, such as steroids, are used to treat joint swelling. Diuretics are used to reduce water retention. Once the rheumatic fever becomes inactive, children may continue on low doses of antibiotics to prevent a reoccurrence. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

• Irritability

  Symptoms include fever, weakness, vomiting, irritability, and stiff neck. [humanillnesses.com]

  […] baby, the symptoms typically develop within the first few hours or days of life and usually include: Problems breathing – either too fast or too slow - and sometimes 'grunting' when trying to breathe Being floppy and unresponsive Feeding difficulties Irritability [netdoctor.co.uk]

  Drink plenty of fluids, but avoid acidic juices like orange juice because they irritate the throat. Eat soft, nutritious foods like noodle soup. Avoid spicy foods. Avoid smoke and smoking. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

  After some seraching today,I have read that some drs prescribe cipro (none were named), but I was on that for a week for a bladder infection, no change in my CFS symptoms, my bladder was more irritated. [forums.prohealth.com]

• Clonus

  Catheter 1121 Giving Intravenous Medications 1125 SpinDown Hematocrit 1127 Removal of Norplant 1131 Breast Examination 1135 Obstetric Abdominal Examination 1147 Checking for Costovertebral Angle Tenderness 1161 Checking for Deep Tendon Reflexes and Clonus [books.google.de]

• Gram-Positive Bacteria

  BACKGROUND: Infections caused by antibiotics-resistant Gram-positive bacteria have been reported from many pediatric hematology-oncology centers. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci (GABHS) are gram-positive bacteria that grow in culture as pairs or chains of variable length. [pedsinreview.aappublications.org]

  Definition (NCI) A genus of Gram-positive bacteria in the phylum Firmicutes and the lactic acid bacteria group. Definition (MSH) A genus of gram-positive, coccoid bacteria whose organisms occur in pairs or chains. No endospores are produced. [fpnotebook.com]

• Gram-Positive Coccus

  Discussion: - gram positive coccus - spetrum of streptococci pyogenes infections: - most common cause of celluitis and lymphangitis; - superficial form of infection is called impetigo which affects stratum corneum; - ecthyma contagiosum describes shallow [wheelessonline.com]

  Microbiological characteristics Streptococcus pneumoniae is a gram-positive coccus. Usually they are found in pairs of cocci, or diplococci, but they may also occur in short chains or singly. [web.uconn.edu]

  Autolysis is common when aging occurs; the central colonies gram positive coccus. The cells are lancet shaped, colonies are large ,This organism is an encapsulated Pathogenesis activate alternate complement pathway cells to the focus of infection. [forums.prohealth.com]

  The Pneumococcus (Streptococcus pneumoniae) DISCUSSION Streptococcus pneumoniae, or the pneumococcus, is a lancet-shaped (pointed like a lance) Gram-positive coccus 0.6-1.2 µm in diameter. [bio.libretexts.org]

  G ENERAL DESCRIPTION M icrobiology Streptococcus pyogenes, or Group A streptococcus (GAS), is a facultative, Gram-positive coccus which grows in chains and causes numerous infections in humans including pharyngitis, tonsillitis, scarlet fever, cellulitis [antimicrobe.org]

• Chlamydia

  Examination 1147 Checking for Costovertebral Angle Tenderness 1161 Checking for Deep Tendon Reflexes and Clonus 1163 Pelvic Examination 1169 Obtaining a Specimen for Papanicolaou Pap Diagnostic Evaluation 1195 Obtaining a Specimen for Gonococcal GC and Chlamydia [books.google.de]

  Pneumonia is a disease of the lung that is caused by a variety of bacteria including Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas, Haemophilus, Chlamydia and Mycoplasma, several viruses, and certain fungi and protozoans. [textbookofbacteriology.net]

• Positive Throat Culture

  An asymptomatic carrier state, as evidenced by positive throat culture results obtained on a weekly basis, is not treated with antibiotics. The most common reason for oral antibiotic failure for streptococcal pharyngitis is noncompliance. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Alternative treatment Alternative treatment focuses on easing the symptoms of strep throat through herbs and botanical medicines. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

Aggressive treatment of such infections and close follow-up care are essential. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Minor infections may not require treatment or may be treated with antibiotics. Invasive infections usually result in a hospital stay. Severe invasive infections may require intensive treatment with intravenous antibiotics for 7-10 days. [yourgenome.org]

The patient who is symptomatic and culture positive at the end of treatment for acute pharyngitis may represent either failed treatment or acquisition of a new strain of GAS and should receive further treatment. [antimicrobe.org]

What is the usual treatment of Streptococcal infections? If treatment is required it is usually in the form of antibiotics – typically penicillin-based. [netdoctor.co.uk]

Prognosis GAS is responsible for more than 2,000 deaths a year. About one in five people infected with flesh-eating bacteria die. So do three out of every five people who develop streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. [encyclopedia.com]

Prognosis Patients with strep throat begin feeling better about 24 hours after starting antibiotics. Symptoms rarely last longer than five days. People remain contagious until after they have been taking antibiotics for 24 hours. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

Long-term prognosis is generally thought to be excellent, but some studies found that up to 20% of patients develop urinary abnormalities ( 13 ). [antimicrobe.org]

Abstract After introduction of selective decontamination of the digestive tract (SDD), a change toward an increase of infections by Staphylococcus epidermidis and alpha-hemolytic Streptococci has been noticed in the predominant etiology of infections [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Objective of this study is to analyze the bacteriological etiology of complicated appendicitis in pediatric population. [idsa.confex.com]

but all beta hemolytic streptococci and a few non - beta hemolytic streptococci ( S. dysgalactiae ) Lancefield Group A Streptococci (GAS) = S. pyogenes Lancefield Group B Streptococci (GBS) = S. agalactiae "pneumococcus" = Streptococcus pneumoniae Etiology [pathologyoutlines.com]

It is an important etiological agent of upper and lower respiratory tract infections (URTI and LRTI), bacteremia and septicemia. Streptococcus pneumoniae is also associated with otitis media, sinusitis, meningitis and endocarditis. [microbeonline.com]

A recommended initial antibiotic regimen is a beta-lactam (often a broad-spectrum drug until etiology is confirmed by culture) plus clindamycin. [merckmanuals.com]

Modes of transmission, age distribution of cases, and other epidemiologic features are similar to those for streptococcal pharyngitis. [emedicine.medscape.com]

We review the epidemiological factors that increase risk of infection and the clinical manifestations and management of this emerging infectious disease. [academic.oup.com]

Sub-typing strains of GAS has proven invaluable for epidemiological studies, in much the same way that phage typing has been useful to define the epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus. [antimicrobe.org]

Epidemiology S. pneumoniae most commonly inflicts children, the elderly, and other people with weakened immune systems. [web.uconn.edu]

Enterococci: biologic and epidemiologic characteristics and in vitro susceptibility. Arch. Intern. Med. 142 :2006–2009. PubMed CrossRef Google Scholar Klein, R. S., R. A. Recco, M. T. Catalano, S. C. Edberg, J. I. Casey, and N. H. Steigbigel. 1977. [link.springer.com]

Recent interest in the pathophysiology of this disorder has focused on the role of streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins (SPEs), extracellular products of group A streptococci that mediate not only scarlatiniform-like rashes but also multi-organ damage and [antimicrobe.org]

Group B Strep Prevention (GBS, baby strep, Group B streptococcal bacteria) General Public, Frequently Asked Questions. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [On-line information]. [labtestsonline.it]

Pneumonia Can Be Prevented. 01 December 2009. http://www.cdc.gov/Features/Pneumonia 07 December 2009. 3 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. [austincc.edu]

Prevention Most newborn cases can be prevented by testing women in the thirty-fifth to thirty-seventh week of pregnancy for the bacteria. A culture of fluid from the vagina and rectum * can determine whether a woman has GBS. [humanillnesses.com]

Prevention Washing the hands frequently, especially before eating and after using the bathroom, and keeping wounds clean can help prevent strep infection. [encyclopedia.com]