Present Taiwan Present Thailand Present Turkey Present 1995 Karakaya and Çelik, 2012 Africa Egypt Present Ziedan, 2012 Ethiopia Present CAB Abstracts Ghana Present Morocco Present CAB Abstracts Nigeria Present South Africa Present Waals et al., 2011 [cabi.org]

Alternaria keratitis has a varied clinical presentation and may present without macroscopic pigmentation. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Sputum

  A 50-year-old woman, an agriculture worker with diabetes and asthma presented to us with complaints of fever with chills, cough with scanty, mucopurulent sputum and dull aching chest pain in right mammary area radiating to axilla. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Aspiration

  Ultrasound guided fine-needle aspiration cytology was done and the greenish fluid on direct wet mount and inoculation on Sabouraud's dextrose agar isolated Alternaria species. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Chest Pain

  A 50-year-old woman, an agriculture worker with diabetes and asthma presented to us with complaints of fever with chills, cough with scanty, mucopurulent sputum and dull aching chest pain in right mammary area radiating to axilla. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Hyperkeratosis

  In most cases, the clinical manifestations were dystrophy and distal subungual hyperkeratosis of one or two nails of the feet or hands. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Corneal Opacity

  Culture on potato dextrose agar from corneal scraping yielded Alternaria species. Topical amphotericin B treatment achieved recovery from ulceration although the corneal opacity remained. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Pulmonary Infiltrate

  At a 20-month follow-up visit, no recurrence of the skin lesions or the pulmonary infiltrates had occurred. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Antifungal treatment with amphotericin B and fluconazole was initiated immediately. DNA sequence analysis showed Alternaria infectoria to be the causal agent. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The diagnosis was based upon the examination of tissue biopsy and isolation of the etiologic agent in culture. The identity of the isolate was determined by phenotypic characteristics and by sequencing the ITS and D1/D2 regions of the rDNA. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Herein, we report on the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of six cases of phaeohyphomycosis due to Alternaria spp. that occurred in our hospital over a 30-month period (from January 2008 to June 2010). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

There are no biotic/abiotic factors limiting their potential establishment and spread in the EU, as their epidemiology is similar to that of other well-established Alternaria spp. [efsa.europa.eu]

This can be explained by the climatic difference between the localities and the disease epidemiology. [scielo.br]

How to Treat Alternaria Treatment for alternaria requires fungicide to be sprayed directly on infected plants, as well as improvements in sanitation and crop rotation to prevent future outbreaks. [gardeningknowhow.com]

Preventative sprays are effective but are only necessary in fields with a history of Alternaria leaf blight. Commercial growers should refer to the Midwest Vegetable Production Guide for specific fungicide recommendations. [extension.umn.edu]

Keep seedbeds disease-free to prevent the spread of disease and locate seedbeds so as to avoid wind-borne inoculum. [ag.umass.edu]

You can see that there are quite a few choices for prevention of Alternaria leaf spot on many ornamentals. [gpnmag.com]

The in vitro assays showed that rhamnolipids inhibited fungal growth on solid medium and prevented spore germination and mycelium growth in liquid medium. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]