Presentation
We present a fatal case of ischaemic colitis induced by amphetamine use in a 44-year-old woman who presented in extremis after a cardiac arrest en route to the emergency department. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Gastrointestinal
- Nausea
[…] pounding, or racing heartbeat or pulse headache hives, itching, skin rash joint or muscle pain large, hive-like swelling on the face, eyelids, lips, tongue, throat, hands, legs, feet, or genitals mood swings muscle cramps, pain, stiffness, or spasms nausea [drugs.com]
Side Effects Nausea, stomach upset, diarrhea, dry mouth, headache, nervousness, dizziness, trouble sleeping, loss of appetite, weight loss, irritability, or restlessness may occur. [webmd.com]
Psychiatrical
- Euphoria
We conducted linear mixed effects models to examine relationships between sweet liking and drug-induced euphoria and stimulation. RESULTS: Sweet likers reported significantly greater amphetamine-induced euphoria than did sweet dislikers among women. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Amphetamines increase alertness, enhance physical performance, and produce euphoria and a sense of well-being. Amphetamines suppress appetite and some people misuse amphetamines to lose weight. [merckmanuals.com]
It can lead to euphoria, and it suppresses the appetite, which can lead to weight loss. Used outside the medical context, stimulants can have severe adverse effects. [medicalnewstoday.com]
- Paranoid Ideation
The results of an open study including eight amphetamine psychotic patients show that the symptoms of excitement and paranoid ideation are significantly decreased within 60 minutes of haloperidol intramuscular administration ( Angrist 1974 ). [doi.org]
Neurologic
- Hyperactivity
Amphetamine-derived medications are being prescribed with increasing frequency to younger pediatric patients to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Prescription stimulants used to treat Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Used as a study aid, to stay awake, and to suppress appetites. Prescribed as Adderall®, Concerta®, Dexedrine®, Focalin®, Metadate®, Methylin®, Ritalin®. [dea.gov]
135.2062 Structure Simcomp Class Metabolizing enzyme substrate DG01644 CYP2D6 substrate Remark Same as: C07514 ATC code: N06BA01 Chemical structure group: DG00966 Product (DG00966): D07445 D02074 US > Efficacy Stimulant (central) Disease Attention deficit hyperactivity [kegg.jp]
Amphetamines are used in the treatment of certain neurological conditions, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and narcolepsy. The drugs are highly addictive and are sometimes abused. [yourdictionary.com]
- Headache
A short history of headache, abdominal pain, vomiting and agitation preceded her admission. Imaging revealed changes consistent with ischaemic colitis. Emergency laparotomy revealed widespread colonic necrosis necessitating a subtotal colectomy. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Side Effects Nausea, stomach upset, diarrhea, dry mouth, headache, nervousness, dizziness, trouble sleeping, loss of appetite, weight loss, irritability, or restlessness may occur. [webmd.com]
When taken as prescribed, amphetamine-containing medication can cause the following side effects, which often improve as your body gets used to the drug: Loss of appetite Trouble sleeping Nausea Headaches Nervousness Dry mouth Moodiness and irritability [verywellmind.com]
- Insomnia
Similar to cocaine, but slower onset and longer durationIncreased body temperature, blood pressure and pulse rates, insomnia, loss of appetite, physical exhaustionChronic abuse produces a psychosis that resembles schizophrenia: paranoia, hallucinations [dea.gov]
The dose should be individualized based on patient response; reduce dose if bothersome adverse reactions (e.g., insomnia, anorexia) appear. Use: For the treatment of narcolepsy. [drugs.com]
Contrary to the clinical observations described by Myles above, the symptom of insomnia was removed from the final version of the AWQ due to its low mean score (28 patients rated insomnia as 'not at all' present or rated it as causing 'very little' distress [www1.health.gov.au]
He had also been using fenofibrate 267 mg/day for 3 years for hyperlipidemia and trazodone 100 mg/day for 5 months for insomnia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
This effect may be clinically important if a patient is receiving an antihistamine agent for treatment of insomnia. [pdr.net]
Workup
A component of the workup for new-onset hypertension in pregnancy often includes a urine drug screen. A labetalol metabolite is structurally similar to amphetamine and methamphetamine, thus causing potential cross-reactivity in drug immunoassays. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Basic information about the biosample assayed, internal standard, workup, GC or LC column and mobile phase, detection mode, and validation data for each procedure is summarized in two tables to facilitate the selection of a method suitable for a specific [doi.org]
Other Pathologies
- Gliosis
Several forms of white matter abnormality are also common and may involve gliosis. Many of the limitations and inconsistencies in the literature relate to techniques and cross-sectional designs, which cannot infer causality. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- Fibrinoid Necrosis
Surgery revealed fibrosis and fibrinoid necrosis around the aneurysm. The aneurysm was successfully embolized with Guglielmi detachable coil. A rapidly growing aneurysm in the major intracranial vessels resulting from amphetamine abuse is very rare. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Treatment
Information about a therapy, service, product or treatment does not in any way endorse or support such therapy, service, product or treatment and is not intended to replace advice from your doctor or other registered health professional. [betterhealth.vic.gov.au]
treatment did not reduce amphetamine use. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
For an overdose, treatment involves sedatives, blood pressure–lowering drugs and sometimes cooling treatments. [merckmanuals.com]
For the studies in which the treatment and/or controlled groups were divided into subgroups because of the differences of concurrent treatment, the continuous data of the subgroups receiving more rigorous treatment, e.g., higher doses of drug treatment [doi.org]
Prognosis
Multiple conditions are associated with DAH, of which Wegener's granulomatosis is the most frequent, and underlying disease determines the prognosis and treatment. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
9.1.1 Ingestion 9.1.2 Inhalation 9.1.3 Skin exposure 9.1.4 Eye contact 9.1.5 Parenteral exposure 9.1.6 Other 9.2 Chronic poisoning 9.2.1 Ingestion 9.2.2 Inhalation 9.2.3 Skin exposure 9.2.4 Eye contact 9.2.5 Parenteral exposure 9.2.6 Other 9.3 Course, prognosis [inchem.org]
Since acute and chronic amphetamine psychoses may be different from each other in the respects of pathophysiology, clinical features, response to treatment, course of illness, and prognosis. [doi.org]
Etiology
We report on two patients who severely and repeatedly mutilated their own genitalia while intoxicated on amphetamines and consider possible diagnostic etiologies. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Amphetamine is indicated for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders (ADHD) as well as for the treatment of central nervous system disorders such as narcolepsy. 1 ADHD is a complex disorder associated with the substantial heterogeneity in etiology [drugbank.ca]
Epidemiology
Epidemiology. Following its use in the Second World War, metamfetamine gained popularity as an illicit drug in Japan and later the United States. [doi.org]
Three researchers independently reviewed studies (Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses). Validity and bias were appraised. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
In paticular, the epidemiologic topics of 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) called the rivival of LSD was described. [ci.nii.ac.jp]
Pathophysiology
BACKGROUND: Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) peptide is a candidate neuropeptide as a biomarker for major depressive disorder (MDD) because of its effects on emotion and distribution covering brain areas involved in the pathophysiology [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
It goes on to discuss briefly the significance of the receptor, agents acting upon it, its distribution, and currently hypothesized physiological and pathophysiological roles. [doi.org]
Prevention
Description: Amphetamine is designed to prevent three things, (all are individually optional): Screen Saver Sleep Mode System Shutdown/Restart While there are apps out there that prevent the screen saver and sleep modes, when this app was originally written [foolishit.com]
Thereafter, we set to investigate if later potentiation of α5GABA A Rs in offspring's preadolescence (from postnatal day 22-28) could prevent the deficit in locomotor reactivity to amphetamine observed in adulthood, at postnatal day P60. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Resource Center, (1998). 22 Brands, B., (1998). 23 Goldstein, A., (2001). 24 Carson-DeWitt, R., (2001). 25 MEDLINEplus, (1998). 26 Carson-DeWitt, R., (2001). 27 Indiana Prevention Resource Center, (1998). 28 Indiana Prevention Resource Center, (1998) [cesar.umd.edu]
This lack of understanding presents obstacles to prevention, treatment and policy responses. [who.int]