Note: These tests do not differentiate between dextro (+) amphetamines (eg, dexamphetamine) and racemic mixtures of dextro (+) and levo (-) isomers that are present in “street” amphetamines. [mayomedicallaboratories.com]

We present a fatal case of ischaemic colitis induced by amphetamine use in a 44-year-old woman who presented in extremis after a cardiac arrest en route to the emergency department. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Weight Loss

  There was no increased risk found for those people who used drugs for weight loss. [web.archive.org]

  As time went by, amphetamine began to be used to treat a variety of conditions, from alcohol hangovers to weight loss. [americanaddictioncenters.org]

  A 25-year-old woman presented with abdominal pain after taking an imported herbal weight-loss product. A urinary toxicology screen was positive for amphetamine, which the patient denied taking. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Unsurprisingly, he concluded that amphetamine was safe for weight loss. SKF went on to diversify its amphetamine business, peddling the drugs for both weight loss and depression for decades. [smithsonianmag.com]

  In the past, it has been used to treat narcolepsy and to help with weight loss, but this is less common now. [medicalnewstoday.com]

• Malnutrition

  Other effects include malnutrition due to suppressed appetite, and increased susceptibility to illness because of poor diet, lack of sleep, and an unhealthy environment. [castlecraig.co.uk]

  […] of well-being headaches, increased libido,halslucination, dizziness, paranoia, dry mouth reduce appetites, stomach cramps, chest pain A sense of power and superiority over others increased talking simple act repetition The long term effects could be: Malnutrition [chemspharma.com]

  Low appetite can lead to unhealthy eating habits and then to malnutrition, which can also damage the body and brain. [americanaddictioncenters.org]

  In the 1950s, reports of malnutrition, psychosis, and depression on withdrawal caused doctors to stop prescribing amphetamines for weight loss. [medicalnewstoday.com]

• Intravenous Drugs

  Intravenous use of methamphetamine is linked to the same risks (hepatitis, HIV/AIDS) as other intravenous drug use. [paihdelinkki.fi]

  Paraphernalia may include: Glass pipes (may have black burn marks and a yellowish residue) Creased tin foil (used for inhaling smoke) Cut straws (used for snorting meth) Hypodermic needles (indicates intravenous drug use) Small plastic baggies (may have [thediscoveryhouse.com]

  This is the most common method of intravenous drug use for euphoriants such as heroin, or in any case where a person must self-administer intravenous medication at home. It is also a convenient way to deliver life-saving medications in an emergency. [psychology.wikia.org]

  Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline Charnaud, B, Griffiths, V ( 1998 ) Levels of intravenous drug misuse among clients prescribed oral dexamphetamine or oral methadone: A comparison. Drug Alcohol Depend 52: 79 – 84. [doi.org]

• Pallor

  Cardiac arrhythmias Convulsions Collapsing physically Dizziness Extreme and atypical fatigue Loss of coordination Mood changes Psychosis Changes in mentality, which can lead to mental disorders Physiological and behavioral disorders Skin disorders Skin pallor [addictioncampuses.com]

  And very high doses may cause flushing, pallor, very rapid or irregular heartbeat, tremors, loss of coordination, and collapse. [psychemedics.com]

  It is characterized by coolness and pallor to the skin as well as local edema. It is usually not painful. It is treated by removing the intravenous access device and elevating the affected limb so that the collected fluids can drain away. [psychology.wikia.org]

• Malaise

  Constitutional Fevers, chills, night sweats Malaise/lethargy Weight loss Poor intake Cardiovascular Chest pain Palpitations/tachycardia Central nervous system Headache Abnormal movements Respiratory Wheezing Dyspnea Shortness of breath Integumentary Excessive [clinicaladvisor.com]

  Woodard heard Richard describe how well Vyvanse was working for his A.D.H.D., made a diagnosis of “other malaise and fatigue” and renewed his prescription for one month. [nytimes.com]

• Nasal Congestion

  The most common adverse events reported (>5% of participants) were dry mouth, palpitations, nausea, dizziness, headache, anxiety, and nasal congestion. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Frequent or prolonged use may cause nasal congestion to recur or worsen. If symptoms persist, ask a doctor." [accessdata.fda.gov]

  Historically, it has been used to treat nasal congestion and depression. [dbpedia.org]

  Amphetamines were first introduced in the 1930s as a remedy for nasal congestion, and marketed over-the-counter as an inhaler named Benzedrine. These drugs were also used medically to treat obesity and depression. [camh.ca]

• Dyspnea

  Diagnosis of EP relies on pathological demonstration of alveolar eosinophilia along with characteristic clinical manifestations of nonproductive cough, dyspnea, chest pain and/or unique imaging features. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Constitutional Fevers, chills, night sweats Malaise/lethargy Weight loss Poor intake Cardiovascular Chest pain Palpitations/tachycardia Central nervous system Headache Abnormal movements Respiratory Wheezing Dyspnea Shortness of breath Integumentary Excessive [clinicaladvisor.com]

  […] renal failure (unspecified) / Delayed / Incidence not known coma / Early / Incidence not known serotonin syndrome / Delayed / Incidence not known Moderate sinus tachycardia / Rapid / 0-6.0 constipation / Delayed / 0-4.0 palpitations / Early / 0-4.0 dyspnea [pdr.net]

• Nausea

  […] pounding, or racing heartbeat or pulse headache hives, itching, skin rash joint or muscle pain large, hive-like swelling on the face, eyelids, lips, tongue, throat, hands, legs, feet, or genitals mood swings muscle cramps, pain, stiffness, or spasms nausea [drugs.com]

  The most common adverse events reported (>5% of participants) were dry mouth, palpitations, nausea, dizziness, headache, anxiety, and nasal congestion. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Side Effects Nausea, stomach upset, diarrhea, dry mouth, headache, nervousness, dizziness, trouble sleeping, loss of appetite, weight loss, irritability, or restlessness may occur. [webmd.com]

• Diarrhea

  Side Effects Nausea, stomach upset, diarrhea, dry mouth, headache, nervousness, dizziness, trouble sleeping, loss of appetite, weight loss, irritability, or restlessness may occur. [webmd.com]

• Xerostomia

  […] restlessness, rhabdomyolysis, skin rash, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, tachycardia, talkativeness, tic disorder (including exacerbation), toxic epidermal necrolysis, tremor, unpleasant taste, urticaria, vocal tics (including exacerbation), weight loss, xerostomia [drugs.com]

  Incidence not known psychological dependence / Delayed / Incidence not known tolerance / Delayed / Incidence not known withdrawal / Early / Incidence not known physiological dependence / Delayed / Incidence not known Mild anorexia / Delayed / 22.0-36.0 xerostomia [pdr.net]

• Skin Disease

  “Manifestations of chronic intoxication with amphetamines include severe dermatoses [skin diseases], marked insomnia, irritability, hyperactivity and personality changes. [nytimes.com]

• Euphoria

  We conducted linear mixed effects models to examine relationships between sweet liking and drug-induced euphoria and stimulation. RESULTS: Sweet likers reported significantly greater amphetamine-induced euphoria than did sweet dislikers among women. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Amphetamines increase alertness, enhance physical performance, and produce euphoria and a sense of well-being. Amphetamines suppress appetite and some people misuse amphetamines to lose weight. [merckmanuals.com]

  Specific serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) inhibit MDMA uptake and block the experience of euphoria. [drugsandalcohol.ie]

• Visual Hallucination

  Psychotic reactions include auditory and visual hallucinations (hearing and seeing things that are not there) and a feeling of having unlimited power (omnipotence). [web.archive.org]

  Psychotic reactions include hearing and seeing things that are not there (auditory and visual hallucinations) and false beliefs (delusions), such as a feeling of having unlimited power (omnipotence) or of being persecuted (paranoia). [merckmanuals.com]

  There have been a number of reports of psychosis following its use, with persecutory delusions, auditory and visual hallucinations, clear consciousness, insomnia, and agitation.4,5 'Ecstasy'(3,4-methylenedioxymetamphetamine; MDMA; 'E'; 'XTC', 'Adam') [drugsandalcohol.ie]

• Auditory Hallucination

  This condition causes symptoms that include: Auditory hallucinations Paranoia Repetitive thoughts Skin picking Visual hallucinations Those who abuse amphetamines chronically may also experience erratic or unusual behavior as well as violent behaviors. [arrowpassage.com]

  hallucinations [ 21, 22, 53 ]. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  What's more, amphetamine psychosis, complete with paranoid delusions and auditory hallucinations, is extremely close to natural mental illness. [theguardian.com]

  In 180 methamphetamine‐using youth in Canada, similar associations were observed between reported levels of use and auditory hallucinations ( Martin 2006 ). [doi.org]

• Anxiety Disorder

  The promise of exercise interventions for the anxiety disorders. In: Zvolensky MJ, Smits JAJ, editors. Anxiety in health behaviors and physical illness. [doi.org]

• Paranoid State

  However, the indirect effect on serotonin might have an effect on the depression and anxiety profile of ADHD. 6 Studies regarding the illicit use of amphetamine in which heavy consumers were studied proved the generation of a paranoid state which flagged [drugbank.ca]

• Hyperactivity

  Amphetamine-derived medications are being prescribed with increasing frequency to younger pediatric patients to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Amphetamines are used in the treatment of certain neurological conditions, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and narcolepsy. The drugs are highly addictive and are sometimes abused. [yourdictionary.com]

  Current Status of Knowledge Leading Article First Online: 29 August 2012 Abstract Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a common neuro-behavioural disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity, is a chronic disorder and [doi.org]

  135.2062 Structure Simcomp Class Metabolizing enzyme substrate DG01644 CYP2D6 substrate Remark Same as: C07514 ATC code: N06BA01 Chemical structure group: DG00966 Product (DG00966): D07445 D02074 US > Efficacy Stimulant (central) Disease Attention deficit hyperactivity [kegg.jp]

• Headache

  A short history of headache, abdominal pain, vomiting and agitation preceded her admission. Imaging revealed changes consistent with ischaemic colitis. Emergency laparotomy revealed widespread colonic necrosis necessitating a subtotal colectomy. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  These "uppers" pump up heart rate, breathing, and blood pressure, and can also cause sweating, shaking, headaches, sleeplessness, and blurred vision. Long or lasting use may cause hallucinations and intense paranoia. [kidshealth.org]

  When taken as prescribed, amphetamine-containing medication can cause the following side effects, which often improve as your body gets used to the drug: Loss of appetite Trouble sleeping Nausea Headaches Nervousness Dry mouth Moodiness and irritability [verywellmind.com]

• Insomnia

  The dose should be individualized based on patient response; reduce dose if bothersome adverse reactions (e.g., insomnia, anorexia) appear. Use: For the treatment of narcolepsy. [drugs.com]

  Contrary to the clinical observations described by Myles above, the symptom of insomnia was removed from the final version of the AWQ due to its low mean score (28 patients rated insomnia as 'not at all' present or rated it as causing 'very little' distress [www1.health.gov.au]

  He had also been using fenofibrate 267 mg/day for 3 years for hyperlipidemia and trazodone 100 mg/day for 5 months for insomnia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  This effect may be clinically important if a patient is receiving an antihistamine agent for treatment of insomnia. [pdr.net]

  Similar to cocaine, but slower onset and longer durationIncreased body temperature, blood pressure and pulse rates, insomnia, loss of appetite, physical exhaustionChronic abuse produces a psychosis that resembles schizophrenia: paranoia, hallucinations [dea.gov]

• Convulsions

  I present a case of an amphetamine abusing parturient who developed postpartum convulsions and acute hemodynamic instability initially mistaken for eclampsia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  -, Pg. 149, 1948. guinea pig LDLo oral 200mg/kg (200mg/kg) BEHAVIORAL: EXCITEMENT BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD BEHAVIORAL: TREMOR Comptes Rendus des Seances de la Societe de Biologie et de Ses Filiales. [chem.nlm.nih.gov]

  One patient with no previous history of seizures had a convulsion 3 hours after using 20 mg of methylphenidate to improve his concentration during college examinations (personal experience). [epilepsy.com]

  It should be given with caution to patients with epilepsy as dexamphetamine may reduce the convulsive threshold. Alcoholic beverages should be avoided. Dexamphetamine may impair patients' ability to drive or to operate machinery. [web.archive.org]

• Tremor

  -, Pg. 149, 1948. guinea pig LDLo oral 200mg/kg (200mg/kg) BEHAVIORAL: EXCITEMENT BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD BEHAVIORAL: TREMOR Comptes Rendus des Seances de la Societe de Biologie et de Ses Filiales. [chem.nlm.nih.gov]

  Amphetamines have been reported to cause seizures when combined with an antidepressant, such as sertraline.73 Seizures can occur with amphetamine overdose, although dyskinesias, tremors, and hallucinations are more common.74 Benzodiazepines, such as lorazepam [epilepsy.com]

  Manifestations of acute overdosage with amphetamines include restlessness, tremor, hyperreflexia, rhabdomyolysis, rapid respiration, hyperpyrexia, confusion, assaultiveness, hallucinations, panic states. [nextbio.com]

  Physical symptoms can include restlessness, tremors, rapid breathing, confusion, panic and seizures. Because of the potential for abuse and addiction, physicians prefer using other treatment methods. [questdiagnostics.com]

  […] or sitting position fainting fast breathing fast, slow, or irregular heartbeat loss of consciousness muscle cramps, spasms, pain, or stiffness nausea restlessness seeing, hearing, or feeling things that are not there seizures stomach cramps sweating tremor [drugs.com]

A component of the workup for new-onset hypertension in pregnancy often includes a urine drug screen. A labetalol metabolite is structurally similar to amphetamine and methamphetamine, thus causing potential cross-reactivity in drug immunoassays. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Basic information about the biosample assayed, internal standard, workup, GC or LC column and mobile phase, detection mode, and validation data for each procedure is summarized in two tables to facilitate the selection of a method suitable for a specific [doi.org]

Solutions In Treatment So what can be done to help those who’ve fallen victim to amphetamine or methamphetamine abuse? Treatment. [drugrehab.org]

treatment did not reduce amphetamine use. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Fluoxetine may decrease craving in short-term treatment. Imipramine may increase duration of adherence to treatment in medium-term treatment. Apart from these, no other benefits can be found. [web.archive.org]

Multiple conditions are associated with DAH, of which Wegener's granulomatosis is the most frequent, and underlying disease determines the prognosis and treatment. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

9.1.1 Ingestion 9.1.2 Inhalation 9.1.3 Skin exposure 9.1.4 Eye contact 9.1.5 Parenteral exposure 9.1.6 Other 9.2 Chronic poisoning 9.2.1 Ingestion 9.2.2 Inhalation 9.2.3 Skin exposure 9.2.4 Eye contact 9.2.5 Parenteral exposure 9.2.6 Other 9.3 Course, prognosis [inchem.org]

Since acute and chronic amphetamine psychoses may be different from each other in the respects of pathophysiology, clinical features, response to treatment, course of illness, and prognosis. [doi.org]

We report on two patients who severely and repeatedly mutilated their own genitalia while intoxicated on amphetamines and consider possible diagnostic etiologies. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Amphetamine is indicated for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders (ADHD) as well as for the treatment of central nervous system disorders such as narcolepsy. 1 ADHD is a complex disorder associated with the substantial heterogeneity in etiology [drugbank.ca]

Epidemiology. Following its use in the Second World War, metamfetamine gained popularity as an illicit drug in Japan and later the United States. [doi.org]

Three researchers independently reviewed studies (Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses). Validity and bias were appraised. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

In paticular, the epidemiologic topics of 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) called the rivival of LSD was described. [ci.nii.ac.jp]

BACKGROUND: Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) peptide is a candidate neuropeptide as a biomarker for major depressive disorder (MDD) because of its effects on emotion and distribution covering brain areas involved in the pathophysiology [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

It goes on to discuss briefly the significance of the receptor, agents acting upon it, its distribution, and currently hypothesized physiological and pathophysiological roles. [doi.org]

Resource Center, (1998). 22 Brands, B., (1998). 23 Goldstein, A., (2001). 24 Carson-DeWitt, R., (2001). 25 MEDLINEplus, (1998). 26 Carson-DeWitt, R., (2001). 27 Indiana Prevention Resource Center, (1998). 28 Indiana Prevention Resource Center, (1998) [cesar.umd.edu]

Description: Amphetamine is designed to prevent three things, (all are individually optional): Screen Saver Sleep Mode System Shutdown/Restart While there are apps out there that prevent the screen saver and sleep modes, when this app was originally written [foolishit.com]

Thereafter, we set to investigate if later potentiation of α5GABA A Rs in offspring's preadolescence (from postnatal day 22-28) could prevent the deficit in locomotor reactivity to amphetamine observed in adulthood, at postnatal day P60. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

This lack of understanding presents obstacles to prevention, treatment and policy responses. [who.int]