Finally, our multiplex assay can detect all three tick-borne pathogens in a sensitive and specific manner irrespective of the level of each pathogen present in the sample. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

See Lab clinical practice guidelines Reference Range Information Performing Location Reference Range Marshfield Negative: Interpretation A result > or = 1:64 with appropriate clinical presentation is suggestive of human anaplasmosis. [marshfieldlabs.org]

• Skin Lesion

  Thus, none of 67 patients (95% CI: 0 to 5.3%) with typical EM (the presence of this skin lesion attests for early Lyme borreliosis and is the evidence for a recent tick bite) was found to be coinfected with A. phagocytophilum or had a recent primary infection [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Neglect

  Human granulocytic anaplasmosis is a neglected zoonotic disease in Europe. Its seroprevalence is similar in North America and Europe, but in contrast to the USA, it is rarely diagnosed in the old world. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Therefore, treatment is often neglected which leads to severe complications. The symptoms are detected within a week or two after the bite of an infected tick. [mechpath.com]

• Cytopenia

  […] erythema migrans (EM) from this region, who have leukopenia and/or thrombocytopenia (typical findings in HGA and in the initial phase of TBE but not in patients with LB) are coinfected with Anaplasma phagocytophilum and/or with TBE virus, i.e. that cytopenia [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Borrelia Burgdorferi

  KEYWORDS: Anaplasma phagocytophilum; Babesia microti; Borrelia burgdorferi; Ixodes scapularis; Lyme disease [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  ORIGINAL PAPER Monoinfections caused by Borrelia burgdorferi and Borrelia burgdorferi / Anaplasma phagocytophilum co-infections in forestry workers and farmers More details Hide details 1 Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. [medpr.imp.lodz.pl]

  Infestation of ticks with Borrelia burgdorferi and Francisella tularensis in Slovakia. Bratisl Lek Listy. 1990; 91: 251–256. 16. Kožuch O, Labuda M, Lysy J, Weismann P, Krippel E. [aaem.pl]

• Babesia Microti

  KEYWORDS: Anaplasma phagocytophilum; Babesia microti; Borrelia burgdorferi; Ixodes scapularis; Lyme disease [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Chlamydia

  Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers, well-defined tree-branched macromolecules used for gene therapy and nucleic acid delivery into mammalian cells, were recently shown to be effective in transforming Chlamydia spp. actively growing in host cells. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Chlamydia Trachomatis

  Shigella flexneri, Listeria monocytogenes, Chlamydia trachomatis, and Anaplasma phagocytophilum express effector proteins that modify host histones and chromatin structure. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Listeria Monocytogenes

  Shigella flexneri, Listeria monocytogenes, Chlamydia trachomatis, and Anaplasma phagocytophilum express effector proteins that modify host histones and chromatin structure. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

However, antibiotic treatment has to be taken as soon as possible when the disease-related symptoms are perceived. Pregnancy can also complicate the antibiotic treatment. [mechpath.com]

He completed 21 days of doxycyline treatment for HGE and was discharged after one month of hospitalisation. [jcp.bmj.com]

There was a lower baseline percentage of NK cells in patients not responding to antibiotic treatment. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Abstract The obligate intracellular bacteria Anaplasma phagocytophilum is the etiological agent of human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA), an acute febrile tick-borne disease. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Identification of a granulocytotropic Ehrlichia species as the etiological agent of human disease. J Clin Microbiol. 1994; 32: 589–595. 2. Dumler JS, Barbet AF, Bekker CPJ, Dasch GA, Palmer GH, Ray SC, Rikihisa Y, Rurangirwa FR. [aaem.pl]

A. phagocytophilum epidemiological cycles are complex and involve different ecotypes, vectors, and mammalian host species. Moreover, the epidemiology of A. phagocytophilum infection differs greatly between Europe and the USA. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Clinical Information Discusses physiology, pathophysiology, and general clinical aspects, as they relate to a laboratory test Human granulocyte ehrlichiosis (HGE) is a zoonotic infection caused by a rickettsia-like agent. [mayomedicallaboratories.com]

These studies should lead to a greater understanding of A. phagocytophilum pathogenesis and may suggest new ways to prevent infection. [grantome.com]

The results suggested that A. phagocytophilum induces protein misfolding to limit the tick cell response and facilitate infection but requires protein degradation to prevent ER stress and cell apoptosis to survive in infected cells. [mcponline.org]

Invasins of obligate intracellular pathogens are attractive targets for protecting against or curing infection because blocking the internalization step prevents survival of these organisms. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

According to the center for disease and prevention in the United States, the number of cases with tick-borne rickettsial disease has increased from 348 cases in 2000 to 1761 cases in 2010. [mechpath.com]