Reprinted with permission from Hunt KJ, Phisitkul P, Pirolo J, Amendola A. High ankle sprains and syndesmotic injuries in athletes. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2015;23(11):661-673. [journals.sagepub.com]

Antibiotics were administered both pre- and postoperatively to prevent wound infection. Antibiotic treatment is essential since it has been reported that the rate of wound infection in patients with ankle fractures can reach up to 10% [ 20, 21 ]. [bmcsurg.biomedcentral.com]

The Foot & Ankle Journal ( www.faoj.org ) Accepted: November, 2008 Published: December, 2008 ISSN 1941-6806 doi: 10.3827/faoj.2008.0112.0001 Case Report A 41-year-old male with past medical history of hypertension presented to the emergency department [faoj.org]

Possible risk factors that may predispose a patient to dislocation include the following: joint hyperlaxity, internal malleolar hypoplasia, peroneal muscle weakness, and a history of prior ankle sprains. [boneandspine.com]

Moehring et al. [ 5 ] suggested that some factors such as medial malleolus hypoplasia, ligamentous laxity and peroneal muscles weakness can predispose ankle to pure dislocation. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

) frostbite ( T33-T34 ) insect bite or sting, venomous ( T63.4 ) Injuries to the ankle and foot S93 ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code S93 Dislocation and sprain of joints and ligaments at ankle, foot and toe level 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Non-Billable/Non-Specific [icd10data.com]

Neglected ankle dislocation. J Foot Ankle Surg. 2007;46:307-9. [ijoro.org]

Neglected ankle dislocation. J Foot Ankle Surg. 2007 ; 46: 307 – 9. 10.3402/dfa.v3i0.18411. [Taylor & Francis Online], [Google Scholar]. [tandfonline.com]