Other systemic diseases such as hemochromatosis or hemophilia might be present in patients with secondary ankle OA, however, in a lower percentage than in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (Table 1 ). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Additional causative factors include arthropathies, chronic ankle instability, malalignment, and certain medical conditions, such as hemophilia. [physio-pedia.com]

However careful and progressive massage of a pain point can lead to temporary waiver of localized pain [30] (Level of evidence 5) [23] (Level of evidence 1A). [physio-pedia.com]

It may be considered if there is severe pain and it serves then to support exercise [30] (Level of evidence 5) [23] (Level of evidence 1A). [physio-pedia.com]

Evidence shows that weight loss can result in significantly better mobility; there is also some evidence to suggest that weight loss alone may actually help to reduce pain. However, in combination with exercise, the results can be significant. [circlehealth.co.uk]

These biomechanical insults could be due to excess joint laxity, obesity, muscle weakness and muscle length all of which physiotherapy can influence and alter making physiotherapy an effective treatment option for consideration [13] [14]. [physio-pedia.com]

METHODS Of a cohort of 247 patients with ankle arthritis, we reviewed data from 30 patients (33… CONTINUE READING [semanticscholar.org]

Ankle Arthritis Anatomy The ankle joint connects the leg and the foot. It is formed by three separate bones, the tibia, fibula and talus. The shinbone (tibia) supports most of a person's weight when standing. [shorelineortho.com]

Epidemiology of Ankle Arthritis. [physio-pedia.com]

Current concepts review: ankle arthritis. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2003;85:923–936. [ PubMed ] 41. Treppo S, Koepp H, Quan EC, Cole AA, Kuettner KE, Grodzinsky AJ. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

As protective space between the bones decreases, it can result in bone rubbing on bone, causing painful osteophytes (bone spurs). [shorelineortho.com]

Global muscle atrophy Feel Absence of warmth Swelling - bony or effusion Effusion - cold and small Joint-line tenderness Peri-articular tenderness Movement Coarse crepitus Decrease ROM Weak local muscles Subjective Markers Morning stiffness Manual labour [physio-pedia.com]

These biomechanical insults could be due to excess joint laxity, obesity, muscle weakness and muscle length all of which physiotherapy can influence and alter making physiotherapy an effective treatment option for consideration [13] [14]. [physio-pedia.com]

atrophy Expression of pain Joint deformity 2. [physio-pedia.com]