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Anorexia
Anorexias

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WIKIDATA, CC BY 4.0

Presentation

In this report, we describe an adolescent female exposed to unknown illicit substances and sexual abuse who presented with psychosis, anorexia, seizures, and ataxia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Anorexia is generally present in typhus fever from the beginning of the attack, and may persist until its close. [thesaurus.com]

Using present criteria, if features of both anorexia and bulimia are present, the diagnosis of anorexia nervosa takes precedence. [nps.org.au]

Entire Body System

  • Anorexia

    Anorexia Specialty Endocrinology, Psychiatry Anorexia is a decreased appetite. [en.wikipedia.org]

    Abstract Pro-anorexia websites promote anorexia as a positive lifestyle choice. They provide tips to become anorexic and maintain anorexia and diets that people who are anorexic can follow. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

    Convert to ICD-10-CM : 783.0 converts directly to: 2015/16 ICD-10-CM R63.0 Anorexia Approximate Synonyms Appetite loss - anorexia Loss of appetite Clinical Information An abnormal loss of the appetite for food. [icd9data.com]

    Anorexia, persistent lack of appetite not caused by repletion. It may spring from psychoneurotic causes, as in anorexia nervosa ( q.v. ), a lack of appetite, primarily in young women, that may lead to extreme emaciation and even to death. [britannica.com]

  • Weight Loss

    The single exception is that the weight of the patient with the atypical variant is within or above the normal range, despite significant weight loss. [sciencedaily.com]

    Overall, there is an indication that weight loss is of primary importance and it begins to take precedence over other important life roles and responsibilities. [eatingdisorder.org]

    WARNING SIGNS & SYMPTOMS OF ANOREXIA NERVOSA Emotional and behavioral Dramatic weight loss Dresses in layers to hide weight loss or stay warm Is preoccupied with weight, food, calories, fat grams, and dieting Refuses to eat certain foods, progressing [nationaleatingdisorders.org]

  • Weight Gain

    The key to diagnosis is identifying persistent active efforts to avoid weight gain and an intense fear of fatness that is not diminished by weight loss. [msdmanuals.com]

    Symptoms of Eating Disorders in an Overview Anorexia Nervosa Bulimia Nervosa Binge Eating Disorder Underweight (decreasing) Normal weight (fluctuating) Overweight (increasing) Goal: weight loss Goal: no weight gain Low fear of weight gain Control compulsion [lecturio.com]

    While eating is a very normal behavior for most of us, overcoming the fear of eating and weight gain is extremely difficult for children or adults with anorexia nervosa. [psychiatrictimes.com]

    Moreover, although testosterone was safe and well tolerated, it was associated with less weight gain than placebo. [medscape.com]

    Intense fear of gaining weight or of becoming fat, or persistent behavior that interferes with weight gain, even though at a significantly low weight Disturbance in the way in which one's body weight or shape is experienced, undue influence of body weight [eatingdisorder.org]

  • Anemia

    Several more severe medical complications for anorexia include: Irregular heartbeats Low blood sugar Loss of bone mass Kidney and liver damage Osteoporosis Insomnia Anemia Infertility Depression Electrolyte imbalances Cathartic colon from laxative abuse [mccallumplace.com]

    Serious health consequences from anorexia include heart arrhythmia, osteoporosis, anemia, neurological and gastrointestinal problems and liver damage. [livestrong.com]

    Select as many as you like ADHD Abuse Acne Adderall Adoption and Fostering Agoraphobia Alcohol Alzheimers Ambien Amputee Anemia Anger Management Anorexia Anxiety Arthritis Asperger Syndrome Asthma Ativan Autism Back Pain Bedwetting Binge Eating Bipolar [anorexia.supportgroups.com]

    Hematological (blood): About one-third of anorexic adolescents have mild anemia (low red blood cell count). Leukopenia (low white blood cell count) occurs in up to 50 percent of anorexic adolescents. [childrenshospital.org]

  • Infertility

    […] lank lean like a bag of bones meager peaked peaky pinched rawboned scraggy scrawny skeletal skeleton skin and bones spare thin wasted lean adjective. bare, thin angular anorexic barren beanpole bony emaciated gangling gangly gaunt haggard inadequate infertile [thesaurus.com]

    Primary infertility is infertility in a couple who have never had a child. Secondary infertility is failure to conceive following a previous pregnancy. [en.wikipedia.org]

    Several more severe medical complications for anorexia include: Irregular heartbeats Low blood sugar Loss of bone mass Kidney and liver damage Osteoporosis Insomnia Anemia Infertility Depression Electrolyte imbalances Cathartic colon from laxative abuse [mccallumplace.com]

    […] body temperature loss of bone density hair loss or thinning soft, fine hair that grows on the face and body (lanugo) tooth pain dehydrated breathless slowed heart rate abnormal heartbeat or heart attack stomach takes too long to empty kidney failure infertile [keltyeatingdisorders.ca]

Gastrointestinal

  • Loss of Appetite

    Convert to ICD-10-CM : 783.0 converts directly to: 2015/16 ICD-10-CM R63.0 Anorexia Approximate Synonyms Appetite loss - anorexia Loss of appetite Clinical Information An abnormal loss of the appetite for food. [icd9data.com]

    Loss of appetite, especially as a result of disease. 2. Anorexia nervosa. anorexia [an′ōrek′sē·ə] Etymology: Gk, a + orexis, not appetite a lack or loss of appetite, resulting in the inability to eat. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

    From Wikidata Jump to navigation Jump to search medical symptom loss of appetite edit Language Label Description Also known as English anorexia medical symptom loss of appetite Statements subclass of symptom 0 references physiological condition 0 references [wikidata.org]

  • Dysphagia

    If dysphagia and aspiration are confirmed, modifying the consistency of foods or inserting a temporary feeding tube may be required until sufficient weight gain restores normal swallow function. [jeatdisord.biomedcentral.com]

    Gastrointestinal symptoms are common, such as constipation, a feeling of fullness after meals, dysphagia and abdominal pains, and may hinder diagnosis and treatment[8]. Symptoms such as fatigue, fainting, dizziness and intolerance of cold. [patient.info]

    […] adulthood [1] Causes Unknown [2] Risk factors Family history, high-level athletics, modelling, dancing [2] [3] [4] Differential diagnosis Body dysmorphic disorder, bulimia nervosa, substance use disorder, hyperthyroidism, inflammatory bowel disease, dysphagia [en.m.wikipedia.org]

Musculoskeletal

  • Muscle Weakness

    weakness Yellow skin (in context of eating large amounts of carrots) Cold, mottled hands and feet or swelling of feet Poor wound healing Impaired immune functioning HEALTH CONSEQUENCES OF ANOREXIA NERVOSA In anorexia nervosa’s cycle of self-starvation [nationaleatingdisorders.org]

    Patients experiencing refeeding syndrome can develop: Whole body swelling (edema) Heart and/or lung failure Gastrointestinal problems Extensive muscle weakness Delirium Death Abnormal laboratory signs include low phosphate levels (hypophosphatemia), low [my.clevelandclinic.org]

    weakness, thinning hair and slow wound healing. [therecoveryvillage.com]

    Aspiration of oral calories into the airways, both liquids and solids, may also occur in more severe cases of anorexia nervosa due to dysphagia that is caused by pharyngeal muscle weakness resulting from protein-calorie malnutrition [16]. [jeatdisord.biomedcentral.com]

Skin

  • Alopecia

    […] restriction of caloric intake low body weight relative to age, sex and health unjustified fear of weight gain body dysmorphia Along with these, numerous signs may be observed and they include - but are not limited to - the following: lanugo hair and/or alopecia [radiopaedia.org]

    Patients may also suffer from bone loss, dry mouth, low blood pressure, and alopecia. Female patients usually experience missing or stopped periods. All other symptoms characteristic to malnutrition may appear in a person with anorexia nervosa. [bulimia.com]

    Alopecia Amenorrhea Hypokalemia Osteoporosis Decreased cortisol levels [lecturio.com]

Psychiatrical

  • Low Self-Esteem

    The most common element surrounding ALL Eating Disorders, including Anorexia, is the inherent presence of a low self esteem Anorexia Nervosa Those who are suffering with this illness have a low self-esteem and often a tremendous need to control their [something-fishy.org]

    As with other eating disorders, anorexia can be associated with depression, low self-esteem, alcohol misuse and self-harm. [b-eat.co.uk]

    […] and low self-esteem Reluctance to express feelings Warning signs: Extreme weight loss Increasing rigidity of the diet Preoccupation with weight, food or counting calories Wearing multiple layers of clothing Excessive or compulsive exercise Multiple excuses [uclahealth.org]

    […] in school or at work Gastrointestinal problems Heart and kidney problems Irritability Lack of emotion Loss of interest in activities previously enjoyed Low blood pressure Low levels of sodium, potassium, and calcium Low-self esteem or self-confidence [docdoc.com.sg]

  • Delusion

    […] abilities Often explained with a mix of spiritual and material beliefs Perfectionism, secondary benefits 1694 20 Nervous atrophy Fasting caused by an “ill and morbid state of the spirits” A psychological etiology was supposed 1858 28 Hypocondriacal delusion [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

    Interventions particularly related to these conditions include exploring reality testing, changing delusions and hallucinations, examining factors which precipitate relapse, and managing relapses.[41] Schizophrenia[edit] Several meta-analyses suggested [en.wikipedia.org]

Urogenital

  • Dysmenorrhea

    "[63] Emerging evidence suggests a possible role for CBT in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD);[80] hypochondriasis;[81] coping with the impact of multiple sclerosis;[82] sleep disturbances related to aging;[83] dysmenorrhea [en.wikipedia.org]

Workup

The patient's diagnosis was delayed until a metabolic workup was initiated, revealing hyperhomocysteinemia, low normal plasma methionine, and methylmalonic aciduria. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The routine protocol for patients with anorexia nervosa at our institution includes an electrocardiogram, a full ionogram with measurements of sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium, as well as a complete biochemical workup and exhaustive hormone study [revespcardiol.org]

See Workup for more detail. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Treatment

Maudsley Family-Based Treatment (FBT) for anorexia is successful for between 50 and 80% of adolescents. To improve this success rate, various approaches to augmenting the treatment have been proposed. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Your Anorexia Nervosa Treatment Process Taking ownership of your anorexia treatment At Timberline Knolls Residential Treatment Center, we believe that it is critical for each woman to take ownership of her treatment from the outset. [timberlineknolls.com]

However, the structure of inpatient treatment programs aims to have a set timeline of treatment. [rehabs.com]

[…] of treatment hours. [psychguides.com]

Many of these facilities specialize in the treatment of eating disorders. Some insurance companies only make payments toward outpatient care when substance abuse is the primary issue cited for treatment. [americanaddictioncenters.org]

Prognosis

The prognosis depends on a number of factors. [radiopaedia.org]

Abstract Chemotherapy frequently causes anorexia in cancer patients, which has been associated with poor disease prognosis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Early detection may improve prognosis[7]. [patient.info]

Early intervention has a better prognosis. The disease and treatment are relatively long lasting and long term, but most individuals will get better. [healthychildren.org]

Etiology

For example, some clinicians first hypothesized hormonal etiology, 37 while others doubted a hormonal etiology. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Etiology of Eating Disorders The etiology of all eating disorders cannot be tracked back to a single event, but consist of a complex interaction between biological, psychological and social factors. [lecturio.com]

Related content: Mini Quiz: Etiology of Anorexia Nervosa Recent brain research in anorexia nervosa has focused on reward pathways, with the hypothesis that these pathways might disturb food approach mechanism in anorexia nervosa. [psychiatrictimes.com]

The etiology of anorexia nervosa is unknown. Other than being female, few risk factors have been identified. In Western society, obesity is considered unattractive and unhealthy, and the desire to be thin is pervasive, even among children. [msdmanuals.com]

In fact, many proponents of this approach would consider ‘family problems’ as part of the etiology of the AN. No doubt, this view might contribute to parents feeling themselves to blame for their child’s illness. [maudsleyparents.org]

Epidemiology

Recent epidemiological studies show that 2% of babies in ordinary paediatric clinics suffer from infantile anorexia. In the first part of this paper we present a case study from our hospital clinical activity. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Related Journals of Anorexia Journal of Obesity & Eating Disorders, Journal of Hypertension: Open Access, Journal of Diabetes & Metabolism, Journal of Nutritional Disorders & Therapy, Epidemiology: Open Access, World Review of Nutrition and Dietetics, [imedpub.com]

[…] six-year-long project involved the study of 17,000 anorexia nervosa cases from around the world Researchers found the disease has "very strong" links with metabolism More patients are being recruited for an expanded study Head of the QIMR Berghofer genetic epidemiology [abc.net.au]

American Journal of Epidemiology, 169(4), 415-427. Marques, L., Alegria, M., Becker, A. E., Chen, C.-n., Fang, A., Chosak, A., & Diniz, J. B. (2011). [anad.org]

We would also like to thank the research nurses and data collectors at the Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics who worked on ANGI. [nature.com]

Pathophysiology

This book covers the clinical features and symptoms, neurobiology, pathophysiology, and current and potential future treatment options for both anorexia and bulimia nervosa. [intechopen.com]

To accomplish this, we applied reward tasks that were closely associated with brain dopamine response to find evidence of dopaminergic involvement in the pathophysiology of anorexia nervosa. [psychiatrictimes.com]

The DIAbetes Genetics Replication And Meta-analysis (DIAGRAM) Consortium Large-scale association analysis provides insights into the genetic architecture and pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes. Nat. Genet. 44, 981–990 (2012).. 39. Teslovich, T. [nature.com]

(See Workup, Treatment, and Medication.) [17] Pathophysiology A typical case of anorexia nervosa involves a young person (teenager or young adult) who is mildly overweight or of normal weight and who begins a diet and exercise plan to lose weight. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Prevention

Treatment with LA16001 was revealed to prevent body weight loss, and all three extracts were demonstrated to improve food intake. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

They may include: Depression, anxiety and other mood disorders Personality disorders Obsessive-compulsive disorders Alcohol and substance misuse Self-injury, suicidal thoughts or suicide attempts Prevention There's no guaranteed way to prevent anorexia [mayoclinic.org]

Preventing Health Risks of Anorexia The best way to prevent any health risks of anorexia is to receive eating disorder treatment as soon as possible. [mccallumplace.com]

[…] your weight be/become seriously overweight/underweight be/become clinically/morbidly obese achieve/facilitate/promote/stimulate weight loss slim down to 70 kilos/ ( British English ) 11 stone/ ( especially North American English ) 160 pounds combat/prevent [oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com]

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