Anthracosilicosis is very rarely described in the medical literature and the term was created as a combination of two separate disorders [1] [2]:

• Anthracosis - Defined as the accumulation of carbon in the lungs as a result of exposure to significant amounts of coal dust or smoke in heavily polluted areas or in the industrial setting, anthracosis is primarily an asymptomatic condition resulting in black discoloration of the lungs [1] [3] [4]. However, cough and dyspnea, particularly after substantial deposition of carbon, are described as potential symptoms [3] [4].
• Silicosis - Being one of the most severe forms of occupational lung disease due to its life-threatening risk in the absence of an early diagnosis and early prevention, silicosis stems from inhalation of crystalline silica [5]. Mining, stone cutting, quarrying, cement manufacturing and stone, clay or glass industries are industries where workers can inhale significant concentrations of this mineral [4]. Symptoms such as dyspnea, breathlessness, and cough may appear acutely (within weeks or months) when very high amounts are inhaled, or after years of persistent occupational exposure [4] [5].

Consequently, the clinical presentation of dyspnea, cough, and breathlessness is typically seen, but reports also show that melanoptysis (black-pigmented sputum) and chest pain might also be present [1].

• Disability

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  Selected aspects related to the evaluation of disability, cavitation, and the unusual x-ray. ( 13808413 ) CATHCART R.T....FRAIMOW W. 1960 23 On the experimental anthracosis, anthracosilicosis and the relationship of these to tuberculosis in complication [malacards.org]

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  The condition may continue to get worse, leading to further lung damage and serious disability, although this may happen very slowly over many years. [nhs.uk]

• Lymphadenopathy

  No intrathoracic lymphadenopathy was noted. [journals.lww.com]

  There are approximately 600 lymph nodes in the human body, and 1% of all cases of lymphadenopathy are supraclavicular lymphadenopathy [ 12 ]. [aoemj.biomedcentral.com]

  […] portion of the lung calcification of nodules is seen on chest radiographs in 10-20% of patients CT At CT, features of simple silicosis include: multiple small nodules that are upper lobe predominant and accompanied by calcifications hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy [radiopaedia.org]

  Hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy may precede the parenchymal lesions. Eggshell pattern of calcification of lymph nodes [Figure 3] is common. [4], [5] Figure 2: A 62-year-old man, a stone crusher with silicosis. [ijri.org]

  Image of chest x-ray of sarcoidosis with bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy. Image of sarcoidosis with enlarged axillary lymph nodes with confluent granulomas. Image of chest x-ray of sarcoidosis with reticulo-nodular interstitial infiltrates. [quizlet.com]

• Cough

  However, cough and dyspnea, particularly after substantial deposition of carbon, are described as potential symptoms. [symptoma.com]

  Chronic cough (with increased risk of chronic bronchitis). Shortness of breath. Chronic cough. Black sputum. Lung dysfunction. Pulmonary hypertension. Heart problems. [medigoo.com]

  In chronic silicosis, you may only have an abnormal chest X-ray in the beginning and then slowly develop a cough and breathing difficulty. More than a third of people with silicosis have phlegm production and cough. [lung.org]

  The symptoms resulting from this include a cough, with or without sputum, shortness of breath particularly on exertion, and chest tightness. [silicosis.com]

  People develop difficulty breathing during exercise that sometimes progresses to shortness of breath even at rest, and some people also have a cough that may or may not produce sputum. Diagnosis is made with a chest x-ray or computed tomography. [merckmanuals.com]

• Dyspnea

  However, cough and dyspnea, particularly after substantial deposition of carbon, are described as potential symptoms. [symptoma.com]

  Hospital “B” (12 months later) Chief Complaint : Acute dyspnea had occurred a week earlier. [aoemj.biomedcentral.com]

  As the disease progresses, airflow limitation occurs, manifested by dyspnea and cough. Eventually, cor pulmonale and respiratory failure develop. [emedicine.medscape.com]

  […] regarding exact terminology, as terms such as anthracosis, anthracosilicosis, and endobronchial silicosis are occasionally interchanged.1–3 Patients may be asymptomatic, such as in this case, or present with chronic respiratory symptoms such as cough and dyspnea [journals.lww.com]

  There was gradual progress of dyspnea, edemata of the lower extremities, lumbar spine. Objectively: pale skin, weakening of the heart sounds, anasarca. AP- 160/100 mm Hg. [slideshare.net]

• Chronic Cough

  Chronic cough (with increased risk of chronic bronchitis). Shortness of breath. Chronic cough. Black sputum. Lung dysfunction. Pulmonary hypertension. Heart problems. [medigoo.com]

  Chronic cough and exertional dyspnea (shortness of breath) are common findings. [en.wikipedia.org]

• Rales

  On examination: deafening of the percutory sounds in interscapular region, rough breath sounds, dry disseminated rales. On fingers' skin - greyish 3. warts. Factory's sectorial doctor suspects asbestosis. [slideshare.net]

• Dry Rale

  In summer he was taken by an acute disease with the following symptoms: fever, dyspnea, dry cough, pleural pain, myalgia, arthralgia. Objectively: moist rales on the right, pleural friction rub. [slideshare.net]

• Hiccup

  Chronic myeloleucosis Feedback The correct answer is: Chronic myeloleucosis Question 124 Not answered Mark 0.00 out of 1.00 Flag question Question text A 49-year-old patient complains of deglutition problems, especially with solid food, hiccups, voice [slideshare.net]

• Chest Pain

  Consequently, the clinical presentation of dyspnea, cough, and breathlessness is typically seen, but reports also show that melanoptysis (black-pigmented sputum) and chest pain might also be present. [symptoma.com]

  Common Silicosis Symptoms: shortness of breath following physical exertion severe cough fatigue loss of appetite chest pains fever cyanosis (bluish skin) and others. (See your doctor and get diagnosed). [silicosis.com]

  In acute silicosis, you may experience fever and sharp chest pain along with breathing difficulty. These symptoms can come on suddenly. [lung.org]

  Anthracosis symptoms (cough, shortness of breath, chest pain, fatigue) are progressive in nature it's cool buy prednisone 10mg. [carbohealth.com]

  Second, chest imaging (usually chest x-ray) that reveals findings consistent with silicosis. Third, there are no underlying illnesses that are more likely to be causing the abnormalities. [en.wikipedia.org]

• Cyanosis

  Common Silicosis Symptoms: shortness of breath following physical exertion severe cough fatigue loss of appetite chest pains fever cyanosis (bluish skin) and others. (See your doctor and get diagnosed). [silicosis.com]

  It is a type of pneumoconiosis. [4] Silicosis (particularly the acute form) is characterized by shortness of breath, cough, fever, and cyanosis (bluish skin). [en.wikipedia.org]

  On physical exam: there is edema of lips, eyelids, cyanosis. What medicine is to be taken first? Select one: a. Euphylin b. Adrenalin c. Prednisolone d. Lasix e. [slideshare.net]

• Hypertension

  Pulmonary hypertension. Heart problems. Diagnosis: There are three basic criteria for the diagnosis of anthracosilicosis: Chest radiography consistent with anthracosilicosis. [medigoo.com]

  Further problems Silicosis can also increase your risk of getting other serious and potentially life-threatening conditions, including: tuberculosis (TB) and other chest infections pulmonary hypertension heart failure arthritis kidney disease chronic [nhs.uk]

• Ulcer

  Duodenal peptic ulcer c. Gastroesophageal reflux d. Gastric peptic ulcer 77. e. [slideshare.net]

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• Seizure

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  Epileptic seizure d. Vegetative crisis e. [slideshare.net]

Regardless of the type of occupational or environmental lung disease, a detailed patient history, and a thorough physical examination are the first and most important steps in the workup. Chronic respiratory complaints must prompt the physicians to obtain information about the patient's occupation and daily exposure to air pollution, which has been confirmed as a possible cause of anthracosilicosis [1]. Lung auscultation may reveal wheezing, and along with symptoms of cough, dyspnea or breathlessness, is sufficient evidence to look for an underlying cause through lung function tests and imaging studies. In most cases, an obstructive pattern of impaired lung function is observed at spirometry [1] [4] [5]. On the other hand, plain radiography is a useful initial method for assessment, as non-homogeneous pulmonary infiltrates and reticulonodular opacities are typical for anthracosis and anthracosilicosis [1] [3], whereas calcified hilar nodes producing an "eggshell" pattern is typical for silicosis [4]. High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), however, is a superior imaging procedure compared to chest X-rays and is recommended whenever possible due to its ability to visualize the exact site of the nodules and identify the extent and nature of the opacities [1] [4]. Finally, bronchoscopy may be implemented as a definite diagnostic measure, showing the abundance of anthracotic pigments and the presence of birefringent particles on polarized light microscopy, the main hallmarks of anthracosis and silicosis, respectively [1].

Treatment: Treatment for both simple anthracosilicosis and progressive anthracosilicosis is symptomatic. Use oxygen as hypoxemia demands. [medigoo.com]

Is there a medical cure or any effective treatment for silicosis ? ( Silicosis Treatment ) Mr. [silicosis.com]

Treatment and prognosis Treatment is to remove the exposure, although silicosis may progress despite removal from the dust environment. [radiopaedia.org]

Treatment depends on the type of exposure and the stage of the disease. It may involve medicines, oxygen therapy, or a lung transplant in severe cases. [icdlist.com]

Treatment and prognosis Treatment is to remove the exposure, although silicosis may progress despite removal from the dust environment. [radiopaedia.org]

PMID: 635303 Prognosis Bataille L, Lonneux M, Weynand B, Schoonbroodt D, Collard P, Deprez PH Acta Gastroenterol Belg 2008 Apr-Jun;71(2):219-29. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Since the occurrence of extrathoracic anthracosis is rare, its pathogenesis and prognosis are not clearly defined, and there have been some case reports of its occurrences in the spleen, liver, esophagus, sinuses, and retroperitoneum in Korea and other [aoemj.biomedcentral.com]

Allowable Qualifiers English: BL blood CF cerebrospinal fluid CL classification CO complications CN congenital DI diagnosis DG diagnostic imaging DH diet therapy DT drug therapy EC economics EM embryology EN enzymology EP epidemiology EH ethnology ET etiology [decs.bvs.br]

Reference article, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 26 Nov 2022) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-19654 Splenic calcifications can occur in various shapes and forms and can occur from a myriad of etiological factors. [radiopaedia.org]

Anthracosis of the lungs: etiology, clinical manifestations and diagnosis: a review. Mirsadraee M. Mirsadraee M. Tanaffos. 2014;13(4):1-13. Tanaffos. 2014. PMID: 25852756 Free PMC article. Review. [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[from MeSH ] Etiology Volobaev VP, Larionov AV, Kalyuzhnaya EE, Serdyukova ES, Yakovleva S, Druzhinin VG, Babich OO, Hill EG, Semenihin VA, Panev NI, Minina VI, Sivanesan SD, Naoghare P, da Silva J, Barcelos GRM, Prosekov AY Mutagenesis 2018 Apr 13;33 [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The etiology of this form anthracosis not ruled out a role of immune mechanism of lung tissue damage - proof of this is the frequent combination of coal pneumoconiosis and rheumatoid arthritis, called Kaplan syndrome and Colin. [carbohealth.com]

[…] light on the past through the analysis of human and non-human skeletal materials, mummified remains and preserved tissue Integrates scientific advances in multiple fields that contribute to the understanding of ancient and historic diseases, such as epidemiology [books.google.com]

[…] with OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES Allowable Qualifiers English: BL blood CF cerebrospinal fluid CL classification CO complications CN congenital DI diagnosis DG diagnostic imaging DH diet therapy DT drug therapy EC economics EM embryology EN enzymology EP epidemiology [decs.bvs.br]

"Occupational silica exposure and lung cancer risk: a review of epidemiological studies 1996–2005". Ann. Oncol. 17 (7): 1039–50. doi : 10.1093/annonc/mdj125. PMID 16403810. [en.wikipedia.org]

Granulomas are commonly distributed along the bronchovascular bundle or adjacent to the pleura -Hilar nodes are usually affected Describe the epidemiology of sarcoidosis (3). [quizlet.com]

In 2006, Pelucchi et al. concluded, "The silicosis-cancer association is now established, in agreement with other studies and meta-analysis." [11] Pathophysiology [ edit ] Slice of a lung affected by silicosis When small silica dust particles are inhaled [en.wikipedia.org]

[…] diet therapy DT drug therapy EC economics EM embryology EN enzymology EP epidemiology EH ethnology ET etiology GE genetics HI history IM immunology ME metabolism MI microbiology MO mortality NU nursing PS parasitology PA pathology PP physiopathology PC prevention [decs.bvs.br]

Silicosis - Being one of the most severe forms of occupational lung disease due to its life-threatening risk in the absence of an early diagnosis and early prevention, silicosis stems from inhalation of crystalline silica. [symptoma.com]

La Medicina del Lavoro 46(5): 352-357, 1955 Publication of NIOSH alerts Requests for assistance in preventing silicosis and deaths from silicosis. [eurekamag.com]

Preventing silicosis Silicosis can be prevented by avoiding prolonged exposure to silica dust. [nhs.uk]

1. Spalgais S, Gothi D, Jaiswal A, Gupta K. Nonoccupational anthracofibrosis/anthracosilicosis from Ladakh in Jammu and Kashmir, India: A case series. Indian J Occup Environ Med. 2015;19(3):159-166.
2. Vanhoenacker FM, Van den Brande P, De Schepper AM. Hepatosplenic antracosilicosis: a rare cause of splenic calcifications. Eur Radiol. 2001;11(7):1184-1186.
3. Mirsadraee M. Anthracosis of the Lungs: Etiology, Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis: A Review. Tanaffos. 2014;13(4):1-13.
4. Longo DL, Fauci AS, Kasper DL, Hauser SL, Jameson J, Loscalzo J. eds. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 18e. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2012.
5. Mazurek JM, Schleiff PL, Wood JM, Hendricks SA, Weston A; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Notes from the Field: Update: Silicosis Mortality - United States, 1999-2013. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2015;64(23):653-654.