Presentation
The present observation is difficult to explain by the current view on the origin of latent P. malariae infections and recurrences which are thought to arise from intra-erythrocytic development stages susceptible to common antimalarials. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Presently, he directs a toxicology division within the Drug Development Unit at NUS. He has published more than 40 papers in internationally recognized journals and has won multiple university-level teaching excellence awards. [books.google.de]
This in itself is inadequate in large areas where malaria is endemic thus presenting an initial problem. [en.wikipedia.org]
Patients receiving these drugs should be assessed for QT prolongation at baseline and carefully monitored if this is present. [emedicine.medscape.com]
Thank you for the great service” “ No Pressure “ “I was given all the travel health information needed for the area, presented in a bound pamphlet. The best part – I felt no pressure to purchase vaccinations or equipment. [passporthealthusa.com]
Entire Body System
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Hunting
Hunt K. World's first malaria vaccine to go to 360,000 African children. CNN. Available at . April 25, 2019; Accessed: April 26, 2019. First Malaria Vaccine Approved by EU Regulators. Medscape Medical News. Available at . July 24, 2015; Janeczko LL. [emedicine.medscape.com]
Hunt, and D. Walliker. 2001. High-level chloroquine resistance in Sudanese isolates of Plasmodium falciparum is associated with mutations in the chloroquine resistance transporter gene pfcrt and the multidrug resistance gene pfmdr1. J. Infect. [cmr.asm.org]
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Collapse
Atovaquone acts against ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase (complex III), inhibits electron transport and collapses mitochondrial membrane potential, which is required for a number of parasite biochemical processes ( Vaidya, 2001 ). [jeb.biologists.org]
Liver, Gall & Pancreas
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Liver Dysfunction
Agranulocytosis; aplastic anemia; hypersensitivity reactions like rashes, fixed drug eruptions, erythema multiforme of the Steven Johnson type, exfoliative dermatitis, serum sickness; liver dysfunction; anorexia, vomiting and acute hemolytic anemia can [malariasite.com]
Cardiovascular
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Cyanosis
Methemoglobinemia is a complication that may be associated with high-dose regimens of quinine or the derivatives chloroquine and primaquine. [24] A patient presenting with cyanosis and a normal PaO 2 on room air should be suspected of having methemoglobinemia [emedicine.medscape.com]
Workup
Rhythm
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Sinus Arrhythmia
Cardiovascular effects have been recorded with bradycardia and sinus arrhythmia being consistently recorded in 68% of patients treated with mefloquine (in one hospital-based study). [en.wikipedia.org]
Less frequently it can cause nightmares, sleeping disturbances, dizziness, ataxia, sinus bradycardia, sinus arrhythmia, postural hypotension, and an ‘acute brain syndrome’ consisting of fatigue, asthenia, seizures and psychosis. [malariasite.com]
Blocks
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First-Degree Atrioventricular Block
Some cardiac changes were reported during a clinical trial, notably non specific ST changes and a first degree atrioventricular block (these disappeared when the patients recovered from the malarial fever). [en.wikipedia.org]
Treatment
Drug resistance may lead to treatment failure, but treatment failure is not necessarily caused by drug resistance despite assisting with its development. [en.wikipedia.org]
This is a distressingly low level of treatment compliance. This study explores methods to improve treatment compliance through improved packaging and targeted messaging on over-the-counter ACTs. [poverty-action.org]
It is used for the prophylaxis or treatment of drug-resistant malaria. [emedicine.medscape.com]
A case of P. malariae infection occurred in spite of previous treatment of Plasmodium falciparum malaria 4 months earlier with a full therapy course of intravenous quinine hydrochloride and oral doxycycline followed by artemether lumefantrine. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Agents used in the treatment of malaria. They are usually classified on the basis of their action against plasmodia at different stages in their life cycle in the human. (from ama, drug evaluations annual, 1992, p1585) [commons.wikimedia.org]
Prognosis
[…] diagnosis of cutaneous lupus erythematosus / FlorianWeber, Peter Fritsch ; Photosensitivity in lupus erythematosus / Percy Lehmann, Annegret Kuhn ; Relationship between cutaneous and systemic lupus erythematosus / Christof Specker, Matthias Schneider ; Prognosis [worldcat.org]
He also described the signs and symptoms, diagnosis and prognosis when infected by it. His achievements were spoken of highly by scholars at home and abroad. [web.archive.org]
Little Annabelle Potts needs your help The devastating prognosis of DIPG has sent some Australian parents to Mexico, paying up to 300,000 a year for an unproven therapy in the hope to save their children, as reported in The Sunday Telegraph last week. [dailytelegraph.com.au]
What Is the Prognosis for Malaria? If promptly diagnosed and treated, malaria is usually not fatal. Long-term effects are uncommon with prompt treatment. [emedicinehealth.com]
Etiology
Similar to proposed etiologies for SLE, current theories discuss a multifactorial relationship leading to the development of cutaneous lupus including genetic susceptibility, autoimmune induction, and immune system damage. B. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Epidemiology
[…] open access journal publishing original peer-reviewed research articles in all aspects of the prevention, diagnosis and management of infectious and sexually transmitted diseases in humans, as well as related molecular genetics, pathophysiology, and epidemiology [web.archive.org]
Recent remarkable molecular epidemiological studies in South America, southern Africa, and Southeast Asia have challenged this view. [doi.org]
The life‐history timings used in Figures 1 and 2 are arbitrary and will vary according to local epidemiology, particularly prevailing levels of human immunity. [onlinelibrary.wiley.com]
Haemoglobinopathies and the clinical epidemiology of malaria: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2012 Jun. 12 (6):457-68. [Medline]. [Guideline] Bailey JW, Williams J, Bain BJ, Parker-Williams J, Chiodini P. [emedicine.medscape.com]
Pathophysiology
Infectious Diseases is an open access journal publishing original peer-reviewed research articles in all aspects of the prevention, diagnosis and management of infectious and sexually transmitted diseases in humans, as well as related molecular genetics, pathophysiology [web.archive.org]
The pathophysiology of vivax malaria. Trends Parasitol, 2009, 25, 220–227 [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] Atteke C., Ndong J.M., Aubouy A., Maciejewski L., Brocard J., Lebibi J. & Deloron P. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Prevention
There are two general approaches to preventing the spread of resistance: preventing malaria infections, and preventing the transmission of resistant parasites. [en.wikipedia.org]
In addition, methylene blue must be considered for preventing methemoglobinemia, a serious complication of malarial anemia. [dx.doi.org]
Intermittent preventive treatment for the prevention of malaria during pregnancy in high transmission areas. Malar J. 2007 Dec 4. 6:160. [Medline]. [Full Text]. Trape JF, Tall A, Diagne N, et al. [emedicine.medscape.com]