Reasons of psychiatrists to switch to olanzapine were the expectation of better efficacy and tolerability of the present treatment and patient preferences to continue with the present medication. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

This study will compare four atypical antipsychotic medications in terms of the risk of specific side effects each of them presents in middle-aged and elderly individuals. [clinicaltrials.gov]

Thus, 488 484 men were included in the present analyses. [doi.org]

• Weight Gain

  CONCLUSION: The TaqI A polymorphism of DRD2 gene is therefore unlikely to play an important role in antipsychotic agent-induced weight gain, a side effect of antipsychotic treatment. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Gain, Diabetes, and Lipid Abnormalities: Weight gain is a substantially significant side effect of antipsychotic agents and is frequently reported in both adults and children.12,13 Olanzapine and clozapine cause more weight gain than other atypical antipsychotic [uspharmacist.com]

• Nausea

  […] and vomiting.DB00450DroperidolA butyrophenone derivative and dopamine antagonist used to prevent and treat postoperative nausea and vomiting.DB00477ChlorpromazineA phenothiazine antipsychotic used to treat nausea, vomiting, preoperative anxiety, schizophrenia [drugbank.ca]

  They can be beneficial in the control of nausea, in the treatment of intractable hiccups, in controlling the movement disorders associated with Huntington's chorea and Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome, and, in combination with other drugs, for the control [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

  […] tranquilizer (trade name Loxitane) used to treat schizophrenia Moban, molindone antipsychotic drug (trade name Moban) used in the treatment of schizophrenia prochlorperazine antipsychotic and antiemetic drug used to treat schizophrenia and to combat nausea [vocabulary.com]

  Gastrointestinal Effects: Constipation, dry mouth, anorexia, weight gain, increases in pancreatic enzymes, epigastric distress, abdominal cramps, dyspepsia, heartburn, and nausea are some common adverse effects. [goodtherapy.org]

  […] initial brand names and date of first approval) include chlorpromazine (Thorazine: 1957, the initial prototype antipsychotic agent), fluphenazine (Prolixin: 1972), perphenazine (Trilafon: 1957), prochlorperazine (Compazine: 1956, used mostly as therapy of nausea [livertox.nih.gov]

• Orthostatic Hypotension

  Adverse effects include orthostatic hypotension, tachycardia, benign hyperthermia, hypertension, seizures, and sedation. Many of these effects are transient. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Adverse effects Extrapyramidal effects (dystonia, akathisia, parkinsonism), tardive dyskinesia due to blocking of basal ganglia; sedation and autonomic side effects (orthostatic hypotension, blurred vision, dry mouth, nasal congestion and constipation [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

  drug-related orthostatic hypotension); and family history (e.g., diabetes). [uspharmacist.com]

  Orthostatic hypotension—the medical name for the fuzzy feeling you get when standing up to quickly—is very common. Hepatic (Liver) Effects: These agents increase the serum concentration of alkaline aminotransferase. [goodtherapy.org]

  […] prevent orthostatic hypotension The nurse has just given a client 5 mg of Haldol IM. The nurse tells him that he should lie down for at least 30 min. This will help...with the distribution of the drug or prevent orthostatic hypotension. [quizlet.com]

• Ventricular Trigeminy

  QTc Prolongation and Ventricular Trigemini with Asenapine: A Case Report. Turk Psikiyatri Derg. 2018 Spring;29(1):67-68. [PubMed: 29730876] 14. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Motor Restlessness

  The patient factors include mild severity of akathisia, lack of apparent motor restlessness, no voluntary expression of inner restlessness, no clear communication of inner restlessness, restlessness in body parts other than the legs, atypical expressions [doi.org]

  Extrapyramidal effects: Dystonias (sustained contraction of muscles leading to twisting, distorted postures), Parkinson-like symptoms, akathisia (motor restlessness), and tardive dyskinesia (involuntary movements, usually of the tongue, lips, neck, trunk [brilliantnurse.com]

  Akathisia can be described as a subjective sense of unease and motor restlessness. It can be misinterpreted as increasing agitation or anxiety. [clinicaladvisor.com]

  Akathisia (motor restlessness) is particularly unpleasant and may lead to nonadherence; it can be treated with propranolol. [merckmanuals.com]

  The patient’s motor restlessness is visable and is subjectively experienced as anxiety, or agitation. Akathesia may develop weeks or months after the onset of drug therapy. [nurseslearning.com]

• Pruritus

  […] motion sickness.DB00372ThiethylperazineFor the treatment or relief of nausea and vomiting.DB00680MoricizineAn antiarrhythmic used to treat arrhythmias.DB01246AlimemazineAn antihistamine agent used to prevent and relieve allergic conditions which cause pruritus [drugbank.ca]

  Many of these drugs may also be effective against nausea, emesis, and pruritus. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Many of these drugs may also be effective against nausea, emesis, and pruritus. Definition (NCI) Also known as neuroleptics, major tranquilizers, or antischizophrenics, natural or synthetic. [fpnotebook.com]

  • Prometathazine is not a good antipsychotic drug, but the agent is used in treating pruritus because of its antihistaminic properties. Mohsin Aziz 37 38. Mohsin Aziz 38 [slideshare.net]

  An important reason for this inequality may be that—notably mild—hypothermia tends to present with rather subtle and atypical symptoms, such as confusion, vertigo, nausea, hunger, chills, pruritus, and dyspnea ( 4 ) and may, therefore, easily go unnoticed [doi.org]

• Alopecia

  Patients presented with findings such as hirsutism, acne, alopecia, menstrual abnormalities, acne, acanthosis nigricans and central obesity. [healio.com]

  Three cases of alopecia areata induced by zotepine. Acta Neurol Napoli 1993 Jun; 15: 200–3 PubMed Google Scholar 101. Reynolds JEF, editor. Martindale: the extra pharmacopoeia. 31st ed. [doi.org]

• Decreased Sweating

  These include dry mouth, decreased sweating, constipation and dry eyes. Somnolence and low blood pressure are common. [encyclopedia.com]

• Breast Engorgement

  Genitourinary (Urinary and Reproductive) Effects: Impotence, delayed and premature ejaculation, testicular swelling, priapism, increased or decreased libido, virginal itching, enuresis, polyuria, breast engorgement, galactorrhea, and anorgasmia have been [goodtherapy.org]

• Delusion

  These include hallucinations (sights, sounds, smells, tastes, or touches that a person believes to be real but are not real), delusions (false beliefs), and dementia (loss of the ability to think, remember, learn, make decisions, and solve problems). [cancer.gov]

  Delusions and hallucinations are often modified and may be eliminated by such an agent, but once the drug is discontinued, the delusions and hallucinations often return within a short while. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

  Also used to help treat false perceptions (e.g. hallucinations or delusions.)DB01356Lithium cationLithium is used as a mood stabilizer, and is used for treatment of depression and mania. [drugbank.ca]

  Although schizophrenia is not cured by drug therapy, the symptoms, including thought disorder, emotional withdrawal, and hallucinations or delusions, may be ameliorated by antipsychotic drugs. [accesspharmacy.mhmedical.com]

  Positive symptoms include hallucinations, voices that converse with or about the patient, and delusions that are often paranoid. Negative symptoms include flattened affect, loss of a sense of pleasure, loss of will or drive, and social withdrawal. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Testicular Swelling

  Genitourinary (Urinary and Reproductive) Effects: Impotence, delayed and premature ejaculation, testicular swelling, priapism, increased or decreased libido, virginal itching, enuresis, polyuria, breast engorgement, galactorrhea, and anorgasmia have been [goodtherapy.org]

• Agitation

  DB00246ZiprasidoneAn atypical antipsychotic used to manage schizophrenia, bipolar mania, and agitation in patients with schizophrenia.DB00334OlanzapineAn antipsychotic drug used in the management of schizophrenia, bipolar 1 disorder, and agitation associated [drugbank.ca]

  ChEBI Name antipsychotic agent ChEBI ID CHEBI:35476 Definition Antipsychotic drugs are agents that control agitated psychotic behaviour, alleviate acute psychotic states, reduce psychotic symptoms, and exert a quieting effect. [ebi.ac.uk]

  […] rapidly-acting pharmacologic options for acute agitation are outlined in Table 1. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  They are also effective in helping to control agitation and aggressiveness. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

  Medications used to treat agitation include antipsychotics and benzodiazepines, usually administered intramuscularly when rapid action is desired. [doi.org]

• Akathisia

  Side effects such as a discomforting restlessness and agitation ( akathisia ), involuntary rhythmic movements of the trunk and limbs, parkinsonism, and tardive dyskinesia are often misinterpreted as symptoms of some unrelated disorder; these are often [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

  She was rated on Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale (BAS) and on global clinical assessment for akathisia, she was rated as four, indicative of marked akathisia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Abstract This article reviews what causes clinicians to overlook or underdiagnose akathisia. The causes are considered to be related to both the patient's symptoms and the clinician's attitude toward akathisia. [doi.org]

• Seizure

  hypotension, tachycardia and precipitation of epileptic seizures, which occur with the older antipsychotic drugs, have also been reported with loxapine. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  People who take antipsychotic medications may experience negative side effects, such as: Extrapyramidal Effects: Dystonias, akathisia, tardive dyskinesia, Parkinson’s-like symptoms, unwanted movements, ataxia, muscle breakdown, rigidity, tremors, and seizures [goodtherapy.org]

  All antipsychotic medications decrease the seizure threshold to varying degrees. [epilepsy.com]

• Dystonia

  Adverse effects Extrapyramidal effects (dystonia, akathisia, parkinsonism), tardive dyskinesia due to blocking of basal ganglia; sedation and autonomic side effects (orthostatic hypotension, blurred vision, dry mouth, nasal congestion and constipation [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

  With the discovery of clozapine in 1959, it became evident that this drug was less likely to produce extrapyramidal effects (physical symptoms such as tremors, paranoia, anxiety, dystonia, etc. as a result of improper doses or adverse reactions to this [goodtherapy.org]

  Desarker and Sinha[ 4 ] reported a case of quetiapine-induced akathisia and dystonia in a young male receiving 400 mg/day of quetiapine, which subsided after change of drug to aripiprazole (10 mg/day). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  There is currently no cure for dystonia, but there are several popular treatments depending on the type of dystonia and age of onset. [psychcentral.com]

• Stupor

  Individuals develop a severe rigidity with catatonia, autonomic instability, and stupor, which may persist for more than one week. [britannica.com]

  Muscle rigidity, akinesia, tremor Hyperthermia Autonomic instability (tachycardia, labile blood pressure, tachypnea, diaphoresis, dysrhythmias) Mental status change: confusion, delirium, reduced vigilance, stupor Diagnostics Creatine kinase Leukocytosis [amboss.com]

  Neuroleptic malignant syndrome: This potentially fatal reaction to antipsychotic drugs is characterized by muscle rigidity, fever, altered mental status and stupor, unstable blood pressure, and myoglobinemia. [brilliantnurse.com]

  However, only two patients reported serious adverse events, including stupor, anxiety, irritability, and akathisia, which were considered to be related to treatment with blonanserin. 31 The most frequent adverse reactions with blonanserin were EPS, which [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Anterior chamber cell Keratic Precipitates Flare Hypopyon Iris nodules Posterior synechiae Fibrin Pupillary miosis Band keratopathy Diagnostic procedures The basic workup for acute anterior uveitis includes an HLA-B27, syphilis testing, and testing for [eyewiki.aao.org]

• Hyponatremia

  Clemastine Carbinoxamine Chronic constipationa Clomipramine Carboplatin SIADH or hyponatremia Clonazepam Clemastine (various) Chronic constipation Dabigatran Clozapine Chronic seizures or epilepsy Desiccated thyroid Cisplatin SIADH or hyponatremia Dexbrompheniramine [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  […] tachypnea, diaphoresis, dysrhythmias) Mental status change: confusion, delirium, reduced vigilance, stupor Diagnostics Creatine kinase Leukocytosis Transaminases Metabolic acidosis Myoglobinuria Electrolyte abnormalities (hypocalcemia, hyperkalemia, hyponatremia [amboss.com]

  Greenblatt, Antidepressant-Associated Hyponatremia in the Elderly, Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 36, 6, (545), (2016). [doi.org]

• Prolonged QT Interval

  QT interval Baseline electrocardiography if patient has history of heart disease, syncope, sudden death in a family member younger than 40 years, congenitally prolonged QT interval, or polypharmacy Table 4. [aafp.org]

  Smaller increase in prolactin levels compared to typical antipsychotics Most common in risperidone, amisulpride, and paliperidone Prolonged QT interval Potassium channel-mediated effect Can lead to life-threatening arrhythmias (torsades de pointes and [amboss.com]

  All patients who receive atypical antipsychotics need to understand their adverse effects, including weight gain, prolonged Qt interval, diabetes, sedation, and the risk of dyskinesias. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Strong inhibitors of CYP3A4 like erythromycin, ketoconazole, itraconazole and grape fruit juice have caused elevated substrate levels that have precipitated prolonged QT interval, torsades de pointes and even death [ 52 ]. [omicsonline.org]

  Side-effects include a prolonged QT interval in the heart, which can be dangerous for patients with heart disease or those taking other drugs that prolong the QT interval. Amisulpride (Solian) - Selective dopamine antagonist. [marefa.org]

• Flattened T Wave

  Cardiovascular: Cardiovascular effects include electrocardiographic (ECG) changes and orthostatic hypotension (OH).2 ECG changes may include tachycardia from anticholinergic effects or reflex tachycardia from alpha-adrenergic blockade; flattened T waves [uspharmacist.com]

Furthermore, increase in body weight is unlikely to be prediction of therapeutic response to antipsychotic treatment in schizophrenia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] versatile mechanisms of tumoricidal actions and due to its highly traversing capability through the blood-brain barrier, pimozide highly deserves to be studied in animal models of drug resistant refractory cancers and glioblastoma, which have very poor prognosis [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] of poorly tolerated side effects, using an alternative medication should be considered in light of the variety of antipsychotics currently available.2 Patient and family counseling should take place, including education about the illness, symptoms, prognosis [uspharmacist.com]

Uveitis is classified by anatomical location which correlates with etiology and affects treatment as well as prognosis (see Figure 1). [cancertherapyadvisor.com]

Abstract Schizophrenic illness is associated with high rates of osteoporosis, the etiology of which remains obscure, but which may be at least partly explained by the prolactin-raising properties of antipsychotic medication. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Uveitis is classified by anatomical location which correlates with etiology and affects treatment as well as prognosis (see Figure 1). [cancertherapyadvisor.com]

[…] symptoms (EPS) Definition: : a collection of movement disorders that are typically due to disruption of dopaminergic pathways in the basal ganglia, resulting in bradykinesia, rigidity, dystonia, athetosis, chorea, ballismus, akathisia, tics, and tremors Etiology [amboss.com]

Caleb Alexander, MD, MS, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, 615 N. Wolfe Street W6035, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. [doi.org]

Uçar HN, Eray S, Kocael Ö, Uçar L, Kaymak M, Lettieri E & Vural AP PDF INTERNET SEARCHES FOR “SUICIDE”, ITS ASSOCIATION WITH EPIDEMIOLOGICAL DATA AND INSIGHTS FOR PREVENTION PROGRAMS Waszak PM, Górski P, Springer J, Kasprzycka-Waszak W, Duzy M & Zagozdon [hdbp.org]

DESIGN: Retrospective, epidemiologic survey of spontaneously reported adverse events related to olanzapine therapy SETTING: Government-affiliated drug evaluation center. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

CI-686's unique preclinical profile suggests a mechanism of action other than dopamine antagonism which could have implications regarding current thinking on the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

These efforts should be based on the pathophysiology of the diseases and the affected neurotransmitter systems. [doi.org]

These drugs have also proved to be of great value in studying the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and other psychoses. [accessmedicine.mhmedical.com]

It is important to clarify whether olanzapine could have a role in long-term prevention of manic and depressive relapses. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

There are no established drug treatments to prevent or counter these problems. [doi.org]