The Patient Guide to Heart, Lung, and Esophageal Surgery A Website Presented by Cardiothoracic Surgeons Committed to Improving Patient Care Adult Heart Disease Diseases of the arteries, valves, and aorta, as well as cardiac rhythm disturbances Pediatric [ctsurgerypatients.org]

Aortic valve disease may be a condition present at birth (congenital heart disease), or it may result from other causes. [mayoclinic.org]

In the present paper, we present pitfalls that should be avoided to ensure that the patient truly presents with discordant grading, we assess the prevalence and outcome of this entity, and finally we highlight the importance of computed tomography to [escardio.org]

Although bicuspid aortic valve disease is present at birth, it usually is not diagnosed until adulthood because the defective valve can function for years without causing symptoms. [my.clevelandclinic.org]

• Pain

  Sat, 20 Jan 07 Patient felt bit more tired, pains was less and a bit more breathing problem was reported ARS 1M was repeated and followed placebo. [modernhomoeopathy.com]

  Anaphylaxis Androgen insensitivity syndrome Aneurysm (abdominal aortic) Aneurysm (brain) Angelman syndrome Angina Angioedema Angiography Angioplasty Ankle pain Ankylosing spondylitis Anorexia nervosa Anosmia Anosmia Antacids Antibiotics Anticoagulant [nhs.uk]

  Chest pain in patients with aortic stenosis is the same as chest pain (angina) experienced by patients with coronary artery disease. [medicinenet.com]

  We ask about general symptoms (anxious mood, depressed mood, fatigue, pain, and stress) regardless of condition. Last updated: May 13, 2019 [patientslikeme.com]

• Swelling

  The symptoms can include: shortness of breath a cough fatigue heart palpitations lightheadedness swelling of the feet and ankles The effects of valvular regurgitation vary depending on the person. [healthline.com]

  They will also look for swelling in your abdomen, feet and ankles. [heartandstroke.ca]

  Fainting Chest pain or tightness Irregular heartbeat Fatigue after being active or having less ability to be active Not eating enough (mainly in children with aortic valve stenosis) Not gaining enough weight (mainly in children with aortic valve stenosis) Swelling [mayoclinic.org]

• Coarctation of the Aorta

  Among the latter, three had coarctation of the aorta and one had Turner's syndrome without coarctation. In each case, cystic medial necrosis of the aorta was present. [scielo.br]

  Coarctation of the aorta: Narrowing of the aorta between its branches to the arms and those to the legs. This birth defect causes heart strain due to high blood pressure in the upper body. [webmd.com]

  Relation of coarctation of the aorta to the occurrence of ascending aortic dilation in children and young adults with bicuspid aortic valves. Am J Cardiol. 2009 Jan 15. 103(2):266-70. [Medline]. Ren X, Zhang M, Liu K, et al. [emedicine.medscape.com]

  Additionally, patients with bicuspid aortic valve are at higher risk of aortic coarctation (see previous blog), an abnormal narrowing of the thoracic aorta. [chd-uk.co.uk]

  In between are those who will need some variation of the following: • their aortic valve repaired or replaced • some part of their thoracic aorta replaced - most often the ascending aorta • repair of coarctation of the aorta • other procedures, such as [bicuspidfoundation.com]

• Pulmonary Valve Stenosis

  I36.9 Nonrheumatic tricuspid valve disorder, unspecified I37 Nonrheumatic pulmonary valve disorders I37.0 Nonrheumatic pulmonary valve stenosis I37.1 Nonrheumatic pulmonary valve insufficiency I37.2 Nonrheumatic pulmonary valve stenosis with insufficiency [icd10data.com]

  […] atresia Q221Congenital pulmonary valve stenosis Q222Congenital pulmonary valve insufficiency Q223Other congenital malformations of pulmonary valve Q224Congenital tricuspid stenosis Q225Ebstein's anomaly Q226Hypoplastic right heart syndrome Q228Other [cms.gov]

  Pulmonary valve stenosis If your pulmonary valve narrows, the flow of oxygen-poor blood from the right ventricle through the pulmonary arteries to the lungs is restricted. [heartandstroke.ca]

  valves stenosis insufficiency absence 三尖瓣 stenosis atresia Ebstein's anomaly Hypoplastic right heart syndrome Uhl anomaly 左边 主动脉瓣 主动脉瓣狭窄 insufficiency bicuspid 二尖瓣 二尖瓣狭窄 二尖瓣闭锁不全 Hypoplastic left heart syndrome 其它 Dextrocardia Levocardia Cor triatriatum [zh.wikipedia.org]

• Anorexia

  […] deficiency) Anaesthesia Anal cancer Anal fissure Anal fistula Anal pain Anaphylaxis Androgen insensitivity syndrome Aneurysm (abdominal aortic) Aneurysm (brain) Angelman syndrome Angina Angioedema Angiography Angioplasty Ankle pain Ankylosing spondylitis Anorexia [nhs.uk]

• Respiratory Distress

  distress syndrome Addison's disease Adenoidectomy Age-related cataracts Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) Agoraphobia Air or gas embolism Albinism Alcohol misuse Alcohol poisoning Alcohol-related liver disease Alexander technique Alkaptonuria Allergic [nhs.uk]

• Heart Disease

  Rheumatic disease of pulmonary valve I09.9 Rheumatic heart disease, unspecified Rheumatic: · carditis · heart failure Excludes: rheumatoid carditis ( M05.3 ) Processed on 29.10.2004 M.S. [apps.who.int]

  […] and Congenital Heart Disease Heart abnormalities that are present at birth in children, as well as in adults Lung, Esophageal, and Other Chest Diseases Diseases of the lung, esophagus, and chest wall Heart and Lung Transplantation Organ failure and transplantation [ctsurgerypatients.org]

  See Rheumatic Heart Disease and Rheumatic Fever for more information. [emedicine.medscape.com]

  Cedars-Sinai is pioneering the use of minimally invasive techniques to treat heart disease, as well as noninvasive approaches to managing heart conditions. [cedars-sinai.edu]

• Heart Murmur

  The main sign of heart valve disease is an unusual heartbeat sound called a heart murmur. Your doctor can hear a heart murmur with a stethoscope. But many people have heart murmurs without having a problem. [icdlist.com]

  Get your heart murmur checked People with heart murmurs are at an increased risk of an aortic valve disease called bicuspid aortic valve disease. [pennmedicine.org]

  murmur, your doctor may recommend that you visit a cardiologist or have a test called an echocardiogram (ultrasound of the heart). [mayoclinic.org]

  Aortic Valve Disease Heart Chest pain Feeling faint or fainting with exertion Shortness of breath Fatigue Heart palpitations Heart murmur Rheumatic fever Hypercholesterolemia Congenital bicuspid aortic valve Overview The aortic valve, one of your heart [heartvalvedisease.nm.org]

• Palpitations

  People with more severe aortic regurgitation may notice heart palpitations, chest pain, fatigue, or shortness of breath. Other symptoms include difficulty breathing when lying down, weakness, fainting, or swollen ankles and feet. [heart.org]

  Aortic Valve Disease Heart Chest pain Feeling faint or fainting with exertion Shortness of breath Fatigue Heart palpitations Heart murmur Rheumatic fever Hypercholesterolemia Congenital bicuspid aortic valve Overview The aortic valve, one of your heart [heartvalvedisease.nm.org]

  The symptoms may only be prevalent or become exacerbated during strenuous activity and include chest pain, palpitations, dizziness, shortness of breath, and abnormal heart sounds. [diseaseinfosearch.org]

  The symptoms can include: shortness of breath a cough fatigue heart palpitations lightheadedness swelling of the feet and ankles The effects of valvular regurgitation vary depending on the person. [healthline.com]

• Tachycardia

  Hyperthyroidism[edit] Though beta-blockers can be useful to manage acute symptoms in thyrotoxic patients to reduce tachycardia, tremor, and anxiety, beta-blockers should be used with caution as tachycardia is a useful monitoring parameter in thyroid disease [en.wikipedia.org]

  […] light eruption Polymyalgia rheumatica Pompholyx (dyshidrotic eczema) Popliteal cyst Post-herpetic neuralgia Post-mortem Post-polio syndrome Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Postmenopausal bleeding Postnatal depression Postpartum psychosis Postural tachycardia [nhs.uk]

  They will often relieve effort related symptoms and are particularly effective in patients with sinus tachycardia (for example, pregnancy, anaemia), atrial fibrillation, and other tachyarrhythmias. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  […] rhythm Catecholaminergic polymorphic Torsades de pointes 过早收缩 早搏 Junctional Ventricular Pre-excitation syndrome Lown–Ganong–Levine 沃夫巴金森怀特症候群 扑动 / 颤动 心房扑动 Ventricular flutter 心房颤动 Familial 心室颤动 心律调节器 Ectopic pacemaker / Ectopic beat Multifocal atrial tachycardia [zh.wikipedia.org]

• Systolic Murmur

  A systolic flow murmur is common in patients with prosthetic AV. [gponline.com]

  Auscultation of this patient reveals a normal S 2 or a split S 2 sound, and often, a typical crescendo-decrescendo systolic ejection murmur that peaks early in systole. [emedicine.medscape.com]

  […] valve prolapse Mid to late systolic Normal Normal Mid-systolic click Murmur increased with standing TABLE 1 Physical Examination of Patients with Valvular Heart Disease Findings Murmur S 1 S 2 Other findings Maneuvers Aortic stenosis Mid to late systolic [aafp.org]

  [19] Sustained apex beat [18] Precordial thrill [18] Increased pulse pressure by increased systolic and decreased diastolic blood pressure, [18] but may not be significant if acute [19] Diastolic decrescendo murmur best heard at left sternal border [ [en.wikipedia.org]

• Osteoporosis

  Full Title: A Multicenter, International, Randomized, Double-blind, Alendronate-controlled Study to Determine the Efficacy and Safety of AMG 785 in the Treatment of Postmenopausal Women With Osteoporosis Medical condition: Postmenopausal osteoporosis [clinicaltrialsregister.eu]

  In the general population, the presence of dystrophic calcifications of the cardiovascular system are correlated with low bone mass and the presence of osteoporosis (21). [jasn.asnjournals.org]

  In addition, patients presenting altered mineral metabolism with hypercalcemia or increased bone demineralization, such as osteoporosis, have a higher prevalence of CAVD and a greater degree of disease progression [17, 18]. [hindawi.com]

  Obesity Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) Occupational therapy Oesophageal atresia and tracheo-oesophageal fistula Oesophageal cancer Oral thrush (mouth thrush) Orf Orthodontics Osteoarthritis Osteomalacia Osteomyelitis Osteopathy Osteophyte (bone spur) Osteoporosis [nhs.uk]

• Seizure

  Feeling sick (nausea) Female genital mutilation (FGM) Femoral hernia repair Fever in children Fibroids Fibromyalgia First aid Fits (children with fever) Fits (seizures) Flat feet Flat head syndrome Floaters and flashes in the eyes Flu Fluoride Foetal [nhs.uk]

• Irritability

  […] bowel syndrome (IBS) Irritable hip Isovaleric acidaemia Itchy bottom Itchy skin IVF Back to top J Japanese encephalitis Jaundice Jaundice in newborns Jaw pain Jellyfish and other sea creature stings Jet lag Joint hypermobility syndrome Joint pain Back [nhs.uk]

Sometimes, a family doctor may hear a small heart murmur while listening to the heart, but since it is such a minor heart murmur and there are no symptoms or limitations, no workup or evaluation is necessary. [badaorta.com]

[…] anticoagulation, to treat associated post-stagnation thrombosis, or aortic valve replacement as the treatment, is debatable. 66 Sudden death may occur as a result of obstruction of the left ventricular outflow tract by a congenital BAV. 67 LABORATORY WORKUP [scielo.br]

• Hypercholesterolemia

  Aortic Valve Disease Heart Chest pain Feeling faint or fainting with exertion Shortness of breath Fatigue Heart palpitations Heart murmur Rheumatic fever Hypercholesterolemia Congenital bicuspid aortic valve Overview The aortic valve, one of your heart [heartvalvedisease.nm.org]

  10020604 Hypercholesterolemia LLT Population Age: Adults, Elderly Gender: Male, Female Trial protocol: HU (Completed) DE (Prematurely Ended) BG (Prematurely Ended) ES (Completed) IT (Prematurely Ended) Trial results: View results EudraCT Number: 2013 [clinicaltrialsregister.eu]

  In the general population, both diabetes mellitus and hypercholesterolemia are risk factors for development of the valvular lesion (10,17). [jasn.asnjournals.org]

  Atorvastatin inhibits hypercholesterolemia-induced cellular proliferation and bone matrix production in the rabbit aortic valve. Circulation 105, 2660–2665 (2002) 21. Vega, R. B. et al. [nature.com]

  Association between calcific aortic stenosis and hypercholesterolemia: is there a need for a randomized controlled trial of cholesterol-lowering therapy?. Clin Cardiol. 2001 Jan. 24(1):52-5. [Medline]. Lamas CC, Eykyn SJ. [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Left Ventricular Hypertrophy

  Diagnosis The electrocardiogram regularly reveals changes of left ventricular hypertrophy. Although sometimes significant calcification of the valve or ascending aortic dilation might be found, the chest radiograph is rarely helpful. [yorkcardiology.co.uk]

  Left ventricular hypertrophy, its dilatation (cavity expansion), signs of ischemia (insufficient blood supply) can be identified during this examination. Chest X-ray. The heart has the form of a "boot". [bookinghealth.ae]

  It is useful in symptomatic patients before surgery. [18] Chest X-ray showing left ventricular hypertrophy and dilated aorta [18] ECG indicating left ventricular hypertrophy [18] Echocardiogram showing dilated left aortic root and reversal of blood flow [en.wikipedia.org]

  The ECG may show the strain pattern of lateral ST depression and T-wave inversion that marks left ventricular hypertrophy. As well, the P waves may show evidence of left atrial enlargement. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Our multidisciplinary team of experts provides treatment for all types of aortic valve disease, including: Aortic stenosis Aortic regurgitation Bicuspid aortic valve End-stage valvular heart disease Treatment of aortic valve disease To develop your treatment [upmc.com]

Conversely, even if no symptoms are present, it may be advisable to proceed with treatment or repairs based on the test results. Possible treatments may include valve repair or valve replacement. [heart.org]

Trials of aspirin and antihypertensive treatment are also warranted. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] you may not need any treatment. [patient.co.uk]

Prognosis of the four subsets as defined in Figure 1. The patients with low flow (stroke volume index <35 ml/m²) and low gradient (<40 mmHg) incurred the worst prognosis. From reference [6]. [escardio.org]

Surgical treatment has greatly improved the outlook (prognosis) in most people who have more severe stenosis. Surgery to widen or to replace the valve has a very good success rate. [patient.co.uk]

This is supported by studies that demonstrate that these patients have similar prognosis and outcome to those with moderate stenosis [75]. [hindawi.com]

Certain conditions have both an underlying etiology and multiple body system manifestations due to the underlying etiology. [icd10coded.com]

The etiology of valvular disease influenced long-term rhythm recovery (p=0.01). [revportcardiol.org]

Mild aortic regurgitation has only been found in one neonate with BAV. 6 ETIOLOGY It has been noted that BAV is inheritable. [scielo.br]

Aortic Valve Disease from Etiology to Bedside By Shahab Shahrzad and Samira Taban 1432 Open access peer-reviewed 4. [intechopen.com]

Hereditary ATTR amyloidosis Explore the pathophysiology, epidemiology and multi-system symptoms associated with hereditary ATTR amyloidosis, as well as how to achieve an early and accurate diagnosis. [epgonline.org]

Section 1: Epidemiology and aetiology Section 2: Making the diagnosis Section 3: Managing the condition Section 4: Prognosis Section 5: Evidence base Section 1: Epidemiology and aetiology Aetiology Anatomy In most people the aortic valve (AV) has three [gponline.com]

Traumatology and Orthopaedics (195) Psychiatry, Psychology, Sexology (162) Gastroenterology and Hepatology (124) Microbiology (118) Haematology (115) Endocrinology, Metabolism (114) Pharmacology (106) Histology, Embryology (104) Obstetrics, Gynaecology (102) Epidemiology [portal.mefanet.cz]

[…] bernard.iung{at}bch.ap-hop-paris.fr Statistics from Altmetric.com The association of coronary artery disease with heart valve disease is frequently encountered and it can be expected that this association will become more common because of the evolution in the epidemiology [heart.bmj.com]

Epidemiology of acute rheumatic fever in New Zealand 1996-2005. J Paediatr Child Health. 2008 Oct. 44(10):564-71. [Medline]. Cunningham MW. T cell mimicry in inflammatory heart disease. Mol Immunol. 2004 Feb. 40(14-15):1121-7. [Medline]. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Hereditary ATTR amyloidosis Explore the pathophysiology, epidemiology and multi-system symptoms associated with hereditary ATTR amyloidosis, as well as how to achieve an early and accurate diagnosis. [epgonline.org]

J Am Coll Cardiol 1996;28:1083–91. ▸ An excellent review that concentrates on the pathophysiology of left ventricular overload. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 11. Bonow RO. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Physiology and Pathophysiology (554) Internal Medicine (507) Paediatrics, Neonatology (443) Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry (377) Pathology and Forensic Medicine (364) Neurology (265) Cardiology, Angiology (216) Infectology (201) Genetics (197) Surgery [portal.mefanet.cz]

This may be relevant from the pathophysiological point of view. [hindawi.com]

Ascending aortic dilatation associated with bicuspid aortic valve: pathophysiology, molecular biology, and clinical implications. Circulation 2009;119(6):880-90. Warnes CA. [gponline.com]

Some possible ways to prevent aortic valve stenosis include: Taking steps to prevent rheumatic fever. [mayoclinic.org]

Anticoagulation Therapy for Stroke Prevention Anticoagulation therapy for Stroke Prevention Learning Zone offers a deep-dive into atrial fibrillation causes, consequences, diagnosis and management to help you deliver optimal care and prevent strokes in [epgonline.org]

Smidt Heart Institute offers preventive, rehabilitative, diagnostic and both nonsurgical and surgical treatments for heart disease, including angioplasty, bypass surgery and heart transplantation. [cedars-sinai.edu]

Not every problem with the aortic valve can be prevented, but lifestyle changes can go a long way toward avoiding some problems. Here are five ways to look after this hard-working heart valve. 1. [pennmedicine.org]

Even in the absence of symptoms, aortic valve replacement may be necessary in some patients to prevent the irreversible damage to the heart muscle caused by the extra volume load. [circ.ahajournals.org]