Presentation
The Patient Guide to Heart, Lung, and Esophageal Surgery A Website Presented by Cardiothoracic Surgeons Committed to Improving Patient Care Adult Heart Disease Diseases of the arteries, valves, and aorta, as well as cardiac rhythm disturbances Pediatric [ctsurgerypatients.org]
Aortic valve disease may be a condition present at birth (congenital heart disease), or it may result from other causes. [mayoclinic.org]
In the present paper, we present pitfalls that should be avoided to ensure that the patient truly presents with discordant grading, we assess the prevalence and outcome of this entity, and finally we highlight the importance of computed tomography to [escardio.org]
Although bicuspid aortic valve disease is present at birth, it usually is not diagnosed until adulthood because the defective valve can function for years without causing symptoms. [my.clevelandclinic.org]
Entire Body System
- Coarctation of the Aorta
Among the latter, three had coarctation of the aorta and one had Turner's syndrome without coarctation. In each case, cystic medial necrosis of the aorta was present. [scielo.br]
Coarctation of the aorta: Narrowing of the aorta between its branches to the arms and those to the legs. This birth defect causes heart strain due to high blood pressure in the upper body. [webmd.com]
Relation of coarctation of the aorta to the occurrence of ascending aortic dilation in children and young adults with bicuspid aortic valves. Am J Cardiol. 2009 Jan 15. 103(2):266-70. [Medline]. Ren X, Zhang M, Liu K, et al. [emedicine.medscape.com]
Additionally, patients with bicuspid aortic valve are at higher risk of aortic coarctation (see previous blog), an abnormal narrowing of the thoracic aorta. [chd-uk.co.uk]
In between are those who will need some variation of the following: • their aortic valve repaired or replaced • some part of their thoracic aorta replaced - most often the ascending aorta • repair of coarctation of the aorta • other procedures, such as [bicuspidfoundation.com]
- Atrial Septal Defect
Septal Defect Clinical Disorder: Constrictive Pericarditis vs. [play.google.com]
3 Hypospadias 3 Maternal infections 3 Neonatal medical care 3 Urinary malformations 3 Ventricular septal defect 3 All unsuccessful pregnancies (intrauterine deaths, congenital birth defects, LBW, preterm, neoplasm, or neonatal disorders) 2 Atrial septal [metapreg.org]
Other features of LDS are unique, such as arteries that twist and wind, aneurysms in arteries other than the aorta, widely spaced eyes, cleft palate, wide or split uvula, heart defects including atrial septal defect, bicuspid aortic valve, and many other [columbiasurgery.org]
Respiratoric
- Respiratory Distress
distress syndrome Addison's disease Adenoidectomy Age-related cataracts Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) Agoraphobia Air or gas embolism Albinism Alcohol misuse Alcohol poisoning Alcohol-related liver disease Alexander technique Alkaptonuria Allergic [nhs.uk]
Gastrointestinal
- Diarrhea
Jong-su tested positive for propranolol and was stripped of his medals.[43] For similar reasons, beta blockers have also been used by surgeons.[44] Adverse effects[edit] Adverse drug reactions associated with the use of beta blockers include: nausea, diarrhea [en.wikipedia.org]
Cardiovascular
- Heart Disease
Rheumatic disease of pulmonary valve I09.9 Rheumatic heart disease, unspecified Rheumatic: · carditis · heart failure Excludes: rheumatoid carditis ( M05.3 ) Processed on 29.10.2004 M.S. [apps.who.int]
[…] and Congenital Heart Disease Heart abnormalities that are present at birth in children, as well as in adults Lung, Esophageal, and Other Chest Diseases Diseases of the lung, esophagus, and chest wall Heart and Lung Transplantation Organ failure and transplantation [ctsurgerypatients.org]
See Rheumatic Heart Disease and Rheumatic Fever for more information. [emedicine.medscape.com]
Cedars-Sinai is pioneering the use of minimally invasive techniques to treat heart disease, as well as noninvasive approaches to managing heart conditions. [cedars-sinai.edu]
- Heart Murmur
The main sign of heart valve disease is an unusual heartbeat sound called a heart murmur. Your doctor can hear a heart murmur with a stethoscope. But many people have heart murmurs without having a problem. [icdlist.com]
Get your heart murmur checked People with heart murmurs are at an increased risk of an aortic valve disease called bicuspid aortic valve disease. [pennmedicine.org]
murmur, your doctor may recommend that you visit a cardiologist or have a test called an echocardiogram (ultrasound of the heart). [mayoclinic.org]
Aortic Valve Disease Heart Chest pain Feeling faint or fainting with exertion Shortness of breath Fatigue Heart palpitations Heart murmur Rheumatic fever Hypercholesterolemia Congenital bicuspid aortic valve Overview The aortic valve, one of your heart [heartvalvedisease.nm.org]
- Hypotension
[…] introduced in the U.S. 2015 Edwards SAPIEN 3 transcatheter heart valve introduced in the U.S. 2016 EDWARDS INTUITY Elite valve system introduced in the U.S. 2016 Edwards HemoSphere advanced monitoring platform introduced in Europe 2016 Edwards Acumen Hypotension [edwards.com]
Unfortunately, nitrates may cause symptomatic hypotension, especially if they are used shortly after exertion. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Lipoma Lips (sore or dry) Listeriosis Liver cancer Liver disease Liver disease (alcohol-related) Liver transplant Local anaesthesia Long QT syndrome Long-sightedness Loss of libido (reduced sex drive) Lost or changed sense of smell Low blood pressure (hypotension [nhs.uk]
[…] be beneficial if started before valve stenosis has progressed to a severe degree. 11,12 Nonetheless, vasodilators such as ACE inhibitors, ARBs, alpha- and beta-adrenergic blockers, calcium channel blockers, and nitrates should be used with caution in hypotensive [gponline.com]
Mixed α1/β-antagonist therapy is also commonly associated with orthostatic hypotension. [en.wikipedia.org]
- Systolic Murmur
A systolic flow murmur is common in patients with prosthetic AV. [gponline.com]
Auscultation of this patient reveals a normal S 2 or a split S 2 sound, and often, a typical crescendo-decrescendo systolic ejection murmur that peaks early in systole. [emedicine.medscape.com]
[…] valve prolapse Mid to late systolic Normal Normal Mid-systolic click Murmur increased with standing TABLE 1 Physical Examination of Patients with Valvular Heart Disease Findings Murmur S 1 S 2 Other findings Maneuvers Aortic stenosis Mid to late systolic [aafp.org]
[19] Sustained apex beat [18] Precordial thrill [18] Increased pulse pressure by increased systolic and decreased diastolic blood pressure, [18] but may not be significant if acute [19] Diastolic decrescendo murmur best heard at left sternal border [ [en.wikipedia.org]
- Diastolic Murmur
A late diastolic murmur is occasionally present as a result of the regurgitant jet displacing the anterior mitral valve leaflet ( Austin Flint murmur ). [gponline.com]
[…] diminished and delayed; S 3 or S 4 may be present Murmur softer with Valsalva maneuver Mitral stenosis Diastolic rumble Loud Normal Opening snap may be present Murmur increased with brief exercise Aortic regurgitation Blowing diastolic Soft Normal Wide [aafp.org]
Neurologic
- Dizziness
The symptoms may only be prevalent or become exacerbated during strenuous activity and include chest pain, palpitations, dizziness, shortness of breath, and abnormal heart sounds. [diseaseinfosearch.org]
Symptoms of a stenotic valve include chest pain, shortness of breath and dizziness or fainting caused by inadequate blood flow to the brain. If the bicuspid valve does not close completely, blood can flow backwards into the heart. [my.clevelandclinic.org]
The symptoms may include: shortness of breath with exertion chest pain dizziness fainting Most people are able to have their aortic valve repaired successfully with surgery. [healthline.com]
However the symptoms associated with more severe aortic stenosis may include: Chest pain (angina) or tightness with activity Feeling faint or dizzy Shortness of breath, especially with activity Tiredness Treatment If the narrowing (stenosis) is mild then [patient.co.uk]
Workup
Sometimes, a family doctor may hear a small heart murmur while listening to the heart, but since it is such a minor heart murmur and there are no symptoms or limitations, no workup or evaluation is necessary. [badaorta.com]
[…] anticoagulation, to treat associated post-stagnation thrombosis, or aortic valve replacement as the treatment, is debatable. 66 Sudden death may occur as a result of obstruction of the left ventricular outflow tract by a congenital BAV. 67 LABORATORY WORKUP [scielo.br]
Hypertrophy
- Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
Diagnosis The electrocardiogram regularly reveals changes of left ventricular hypertrophy. Although sometimes significant calcification of the valve or ascending aortic dilation might be found, the chest radiograph is rarely helpful. [yorkcardiology.co.uk]
Left ventricular hypertrophy, its dilatation (cavity expansion), signs of ischemia (insufficient blood supply) can be identified during this examination. Chest X-ray. The heart has the form of a "boot". [bookinghealth.ae]
It is useful in symptomatic patients before surgery. [18] Chest X-ray showing left ventricular hypertrophy and dilated aorta [18] ECG indicating left ventricular hypertrophy [18] Echocardiogram showing dilated left aortic root and reversal of blood flow [en.wikipedia.org]
The ECG may show the strain pattern of lateral ST depression and T-wave inversion that marks left ventricular hypertrophy. As well, the P waves may show evidence of left atrial enlargement. [emedicine.medscape.com]
Treatment
Our multidisciplinary team of experts provides treatment for all types of aortic valve disease, including: Aortic stenosis Aortic regurgitation Bicuspid aortic valve End-stage valvular heart disease Treatment of aortic valve disease To develop your treatment [upmc.com]
Conversely, even if no symptoms are present, it may be advisable to proceed with treatment or repairs based on the test results. Possible treatments may include valve repair or valve replacement. [heart.org]
Trials of aspirin and antihypertensive treatment are also warranted. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
[…] you may not need any treatment. [patient.co.uk]
Prognosis
Prognosis of the four subsets as defined in Figure 1. The patients with low flow (stroke volume index <35 ml/m²) and low gradient (<40 mmHg) incurred the worst prognosis. From reference [6]. [escardio.org]
Surgical treatment has greatly improved the outlook (prognosis) in most people who have more severe stenosis. Surgery to widen or to replace the valve has a very good success rate. [patient.co.uk]
This is supported by studies that demonstrate that these patients have similar prognosis and outcome to those with moderate stenosis [75]. [hindawi.com]
Etiology
Certain conditions have both an underlying etiology and multiple body system manifestations due to the underlying etiology. [icd10coded.com]
The etiology of valvular disease influenced long-term rhythm recovery (p=0.01). [revportcardiol.org]
Mild aortic regurgitation has only been found in one neonate with BAV. 6 ETIOLOGY It has been noted that BAV is inheritable. [scielo.br]
Aortic Valve Disease from Etiology to Bedside By Shahab Shahrzad and Samira Taban 1432 Open access peer-reviewed 4. [intechopen.com]
Epidemiology
Hereditary ATTR amyloidosis Explore the pathophysiology, epidemiology and multi-system symptoms associated with hereditary ATTR amyloidosis, as well as how to achieve an early and accurate diagnosis. [epgonline.org]
Section 1: Epidemiology and aetiology Section 2: Making the diagnosis Section 3: Managing the condition Section 4: Prognosis Section 5: Evidence base Section 1: Epidemiology and aetiology Aetiology Anatomy In most people the aortic valve (AV) has three [gponline.com]
Traumatology and Orthopaedics (195) Psychiatry, Psychology, Sexology (162) Gastroenterology and Hepatology (124) Microbiology (118) Haematology (115) Endocrinology, Metabolism (114) Pharmacology (106) Histology, Embryology (104) Obstetrics, Gynaecology (102) Epidemiology [portal.mefanet.cz]
[…] bernard.iung{at}bch.ap-hop-paris.fr Statistics from Altmetric.com The association of coronary artery disease with heart valve disease is frequently encountered and it can be expected that this association will become more common because of the evolution in the epidemiology [heart.bmj.com]
Epidemiology of acute rheumatic fever in New Zealand 1996-2005. J Paediatr Child Health. 2008 Oct. 44(10):564-71. [Medline]. Cunningham MW. T cell mimicry in inflammatory heart disease. Mol Immunol. 2004 Feb. 40(14-15):1121-7. [Medline]. [emedicine.medscape.com]
Pathophysiology
Hereditary ATTR amyloidosis Explore the pathophysiology, epidemiology and multi-system symptoms associated with hereditary ATTR amyloidosis, as well as how to achieve an early and accurate diagnosis. [epgonline.org]
J Am Coll Cardiol 1996;28:1083–91. ▸ An excellent review that concentrates on the pathophysiology of left ventricular overload. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 11. Bonow RO. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Physiology and Pathophysiology (554) Internal Medicine (507) Paediatrics, Neonatology (443) Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry (377) Pathology and Forensic Medicine (364) Neurology (265) Cardiology, Angiology (216) Infectology (201) Genetics (197) Surgery [portal.mefanet.cz]
This may be relevant from the pathophysiological point of view. [hindawi.com]
Ascending aortic dilatation associated with bicuspid aortic valve: pathophysiology, molecular biology, and clinical implications. Circulation 2009;119(6):880-90. Warnes CA. [gponline.com]
Prevention
Some possible ways to prevent aortic valve stenosis include: Taking steps to prevent rheumatic fever. [mayoclinic.org]
Anticoagulation Therapy for Stroke Prevention Anticoagulation therapy for Stroke Prevention Learning Zone offers a deep-dive into atrial fibrillation causes, consequences, diagnosis and management to help you deliver optimal care and prevent strokes in [epgonline.org]
Smidt Heart Institute offers preventive, rehabilitative, diagnostic and both nonsurgical and surgical treatments for heart disease, including angioplasty, bypass surgery and heart transplantation. [cedars-sinai.edu]
Not every problem with the aortic valve can be prevented, but lifestyle changes can go a long way toward avoiding some problems. Here are five ways to look after this hard-working heart valve. 1. [pennmedicine.org]
Even in the absence of symptoms, aortic valve replacement may be necessary in some patients to prevent the irreversible damage to the heart muscle caused by the extra volume load. [circ.ahajournals.org]