Although bicuspid aortic valve disease is present at birth, it usually is not diagnosed until adulthood because the defective valve can function for years without causing symptoms. [my.clevelandclinic.org]

This condition is present in about 4 percent of all elderly people. [healthcentral.com]

Aortic valve disease may be a condition present at birth (congenital heart disease), or it may result from other causes. [mayoclinic.org]

• Turkish

  Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences. 1999;29(5):583-5. Available from: http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/medical/issues/sag-99-29-5/sag-29-5-15-97208.pdf. Accessed in 2010 (Aug 30). [ Links ] 49. [scielo.br]

• Heart Disease

  Heart Valve Diseases Also called: Valvular heart disease Your heart has four valves. Normally, these valves open to let blood flow through or out of your heart, and then shut to keep it from flowing backward. But sometimes they don't work properly. [icdlist.com]

  Heart valve disease occurs when one or more of the heart valves do not open or close properly. When it affects more than one heart valve, it is called multiple valvular heart disease. [heartandstroke.ca]

  Heart 2003;89(9):965-6. Lung B, Baron G, Butchart EG et al. A prospective survey of patients with valvular heart disease in Europe: The Euro Heart Survey on Valvular Heart Disease. Eur Heart J 2003;24(13):1231-43. Malhotra A. [gponline.com]

  The Cardiology section is involved in treating patients with disorders of the heart and vascular tree including coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, valve disease, congenital heart defects, cardiomyopathy and peripheral vascular disease. [hopkinsmedicine.org]

• Heart Murmur

  The main sign of heart valve disease is an unusual heartbeat sound called a heart murmur. Your doctor can hear a heart murmur with a stethoscope. But many people have heart murmurs without having a problem. [icdlist.com]

  Get your heart murmur checked People with heart murmurs are at an increased risk of an aortic valve disease called bicuspid aortic valve disease. [pennmedicine.org]

  Doctors usually base the diagnosis on a characteristic heart murmur heard through a stethoscope and on results of echocardiography. [msdmanuals.com]

• Systolic Murmur

  A systolic flow murmur is common in patients with prosthetic AV. [gponline.com]

  Auscultation of this patient reveals a normal S 2 or a split S 2 sound, and often, a typical crescendo-decrescendo systolic ejection murmur that peaks early in systole. [emedicine.medscape.com]

  [19] Sustained apex beat [18] Precordial thrill [18] Increased pulse pressure by increased systolic and decreased diastolic blood pressure, [18] but may not be significant if acute [19] Diastolic decrescendo murmur best heard at left sternal border [ [en.wikipedia.org]

  […] valve prolapse Mid to late systolic Normal Normal Mid-systolic click Murmur increased with standing TABLE 1 Physical Examination of Patients with Valvular Heart Disease Findings Murmur S 1 S 2 Other findings Maneuvers Aortic stenosis Mid to late systolic [aafp.org]

• Diastolic Murmur

  A late diastolic murmur is occasionally present as a result of the regurgitant jet displacing the anterior mitral valve leaflet ( Austin Flint murmur ). [gponline.com]

  […] diminished and delayed; S 3 or S 4 may be present Murmur softer with Valsalva maneuver Mitral stenosis Diastolic rumble Loud Normal Opening snap may be present Murmur increased with brief exercise Aortic regurgitation Blowing diastolic Soft Normal Wide [aafp.org]

• Pulsus Parvus et Tardus

  parvus et tardus, that is, diminished and delayed carotid pulse [18] [19] Fourth heart sound [18] Decreased A 2 sound [19] Sustained apex beat [18] Precordial thrill [18] Increased pulse pressure by increased systolic and decreased diastolic blood pressure [en.wikipedia.org]

Sometimes, a family doctor may hear a small heart murmur while listening to the heart, but since it is such a minor heart murmur and there are no symptoms or limitations, no workup or evaluation is necessary. [badaorta.com]

[…] anticoagulation, to treat associated post-stagnation thrombosis, or aortic valve replacement as the treatment, is debatable. 66 Sudden death may occur as a result of obstruction of the left ventricular outflow tract by a congenital BAV. 67 LABORATORY WORKUP [scielo.br]

• Left Ventricular Hypertrophy

  Diagnosis The electrocardiogram regularly reveals changes of left ventricular hypertrophy. Although sometimes significant calcification of the valve or ascending aortic dilation might be found, the chest radiograph is rarely helpful. [yorkcardiology.co.uk]

  It is useful in symptomatic patients before surgery. [18] Chest X-ray showing left ventricular hypertrophy and dilated aorta [18] ECG indicating left ventricular hypertrophy [18] Echocardiogram showing dilated left aortic root and reversal of blood flow [en.wikipedia.org]

  Left ventricular hypertrophy, its dilatation (cavity expansion), signs of ischemia (insufficient blood supply) can be identified during this examination. Chest X-ray. The heart has the form of a "boot". [bookinghealth.ae]

  The ECG may show the strain pattern of lateral ST depression and T-wave inversion that marks left ventricular hypertrophy. As well, the P waves may show evidence of left atrial enlargement. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Surgical Treatment of Aortic Valve Disorders If necessary, the aortic valve can be repaired or replaced with a synthetic or biological valve. [heart-valve-surgery.com]

Treatment varies on a case by case basis and often depends on the severity of the disease. [diseaseinfosearch.org]

Conversely, even if no symptoms are present, it may be advisable to proceed with treatment or repairs based on the test results. Possible treatments may include valve repair or valve replacement. [heart.org]

Trials of aspirin and antihypertensive treatment are also warranted. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Onset of symptoms indicates a worse prognosis and is associated with 15-50% mortality at 5 years. 8 The cardinal symptoms of severe AS are all typically provoked by exertion. [gponline.com]

Prognosis of the four subsets as defined in Figure 1. The patients with low flow (stroke volume index <35 ml/m²) and low gradient (<40 mmHg) incurred the worst prognosis. From reference [6]. [escardio.org]

Once symptoms develop, the prognosis becomes inferior and surgery is normally performed. Aortic stenosis is the most common cause for heart valve operation. [yorkcardiology.co.uk]

Surgical treatment has greatly improved the outlook (prognosis) in most people who have more severe stenosis. Surgery to widen or to replace the valve has a very good success rate. [patient.info]

Certain conditions have both an underlying etiology and multiple body system manifestations due to the underlying etiology. [icd10coded.com]

The etiology of valvular disease influenced long-term rhythm recovery (p=0.01). [revportcardiol.org]

Mild aortic regurgitation has only been found in one neonate with BAV. 6 ETIOLOGY It has been noted that BAV is inheritable. [scielo.br]

Aortic Valve Disease from Etiology to Bedside By Shahab Shahrzad and Samira Taban 1432 Open access peer-reviewed 4. [intechopen.com]

Hereditary ATTR amyloidosis Explore the pathophysiology, epidemiology and multi-system symptoms associated with hereditary ATTR amyloidosis, as well as how to achieve an early and accurate diagnosis. [epgonline.org]

Section 1: Epidemiology and aetiology Section 2: Making the diagnosis Section 3: Managing the condition Section 4: Prognosis Section 5: Evidence base Section 1: Epidemiology and aetiology Aetiology Anatomy In most people the aortic valve (AV) has three [gponline.com]

Traumatology and Orthopaedics (195) Psychiatry, Psychology, Sexology (162) Gastroenterology and Hepatology (124) Microbiology (118) Haematology (115) Endocrinology, Metabolism (114) Pharmacology (106) Histology, Embryology (104) Obstetrics, Gynaecology (102) Epidemiology [portal.mefanet.cz]

[…] bernard.iung{at}bch.ap-hop-paris.fr Statistics from Altmetric.com The association of coronary artery disease with heart valve disease is frequently encountered and it can be expected that this association will become more common because of the evolution in the epidemiology [heart.bmj.com]

Epidemiology of acute rheumatic fever in New Zealand 1996-2005. J Paediatr Child Health. 2008 Oct. 44(10):564-71. [Medline]. Cunningham MW. T cell mimicry in inflammatory heart disease. Mol Immunol. 2004 Feb. 40(14-15):1121-7. [Medline]. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Hereditary ATTR amyloidosis Explore the pathophysiology, epidemiology and multi-system symptoms associated with hereditary ATTR amyloidosis, as well as how to achieve an early and accurate diagnosis. [epgonline.org]

J Am Coll Cardiol 1996;28:1083–91. ▸ An excellent review that concentrates on the pathophysiology of left ventricular overload. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 11. Bonow RO. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Physiology and Pathophysiology (554) Internal Medicine (507) Paediatrics, Neonatology (443) Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry (377) Pathology and Forensic Medicine (364) Neurology (265) Cardiology, Angiology (216) Infectology (201) Genetics (197) Surgery [portal.mefanet.cz]

This may be relevant from the pathophysiological point of view. [hindawi.com]

Ascending aortic dilatation associated with bicuspid aortic valve: pathophysiology, molecular biology, and clinical implications. Circulation 2009;119(6):880-90. Warnes CA. [gponline.com]

Some possible ways to prevent aortic valve stenosis include: Taking steps to prevent rheumatic fever. [mayoclinic.org]

Even in the absence of symptoms, aortic valve replacement may be necessary in some patients to prevent the irreversible damage to the heart muscle caused by the extra volume load. [ahajournals.org]

Prevention Get prompt treatment for a sore throat that lasts longer than 48 hours, especially if accompanied by a fever. Timely administration of antibiotics may prevent the development of rheumatic fever which can cause valvular heart disease. [hopkinsmedicine.org]