A 25-year-old male presented to us with multiple episodes of syncope during the past 6 months. [circ.ahajournals.org]

The child was presented with left ventricular dilatation with early and progressive signs of congestive heart failure. [paperity.org]

Marked cardiomegaly and dilatation were present along with diffuse myocardial infarction. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Some patients present as neonate and others with a smaller tunnel may present beyond 2nd decade of life. 5. [slideplayer.com]

• Fatigue

  Signs and symptoms of severe defects in newborns include Rapid breathing Cyanosis - a bluish tint to the skin, lips, and fingernails Fatigue Poor blood circulation Many congenital heart defects cause few or no signs and symptoms. [icdlist.com]

  CASE REPORT An eight-month-old boy arrived in our department presenting with dyspnea and fatigue after the slightest effort, symptoms that had started one month previously. [bjcvs.org]

• Marfanoid Habitus

  However, although the patient did have a marfanoid habitus with a reduced upper to lower segment ratio and a positive wrist and thumb sign ( Figure 6 ), he did not meet the revised Ghent criteria for Marfan syndrome. [circ.ahajournals.org]

• Regurgitation

  On follow-up, he had moderate aortic regurgitation and moderate LV systolic dysfunction. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• To-and-Fro Murmur

  On physical examination, a "to-and-fro" murmur may be appreciated on precordial auscultation, along with an easily palpable pulse (due to rapid aortic runoff). [radiopaedia.org]

  To and fro murmur was present in all patients. Cardiomegaly with cardiothoracic ratio of more than 0.7 was universal in the study group. ECG showed significant left ventricular forces. TTE confirmed the diagnosis in all cases. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Cardiomegaly

  Marked cardiomegaly and dilatation were present along with diffuse myocardial infarction. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Fig. 10.4 Prominent ascending aorta ( arrows ) and aortic knob and cardiomegaly with a dilated left ventricle in an 11-year-old patient with a ventricular septal defect complicated by aortic valve prolapse and aortic regurgitation. [radiologykey.com]

• Wide Pulse Pressure

  There was wide pulse pressure and signs of aortic run off in all. To and fro murmur was present in all patients. Cardiomegaly with cardiothoracic ratio of more than 0.7 was universal in the study group. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Diastolic Murmur

  After detection of a systolic–diastolic murmur in the 2nd month of life, cross sectional echocardiography and colour flow mapping confirmed an aorto-ventricular tunnel. [heart.bmj.com]

  Discussion Although ALVT is a rare cardiac malformation (occurring in 0.001% of patients with congenital heart disease), it should be considered in cases with continuous systolic diastolic murmur.[ 1, 2 ] Echocardiography is the best diagnostic tool for [tgkdc.dergisi.org]

  Physical examination was remarkable for bradycardia, an increased pulse pressure, and a systolico-diastolic murmur associated with thrill at the aortic area. ECG ( Figure 1 ) showed complete heart block with a wide QRS escape. [circ.ahajournals.org]

  A two-year-old male with a heart murmur was referred without any symptoms. On physical examination, a grade III/VI systolic–diastolic murmur at the upper left sternal border was heard. [365yixue.com]

Two-dimensional (2D) echocardiography with color Doppler imaging is the current modality of choice to establish the diagnosis of SAS (see Workup). [emedicine.medscape.com]

Clinical implications of antenatal diagnosis on postnatal treatment and outcome are also discussed. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

details of surgical treatment, potential complications and literature references. [books.google.com]

Surgical treatment of aortico-left ventricular tunnel. European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery 1991; Vol 5, 113-116. [ Medline ] 5. Michielon G, Sorbara C, Casarotto DC. [bjcvs.org]

Treatment and prognosis In the majority of cases, even when the patient is asymptomatic, early surgical intervention is required to prevent permanent left ventricular dysfunction. [radiopaedia.org]

Rarely, aortic dilatation is seen in early infancy, with very poor prognosis. 3 The prevalence of both aortic dilatation and mitral valve prolapse in pediatric cohorts is approximately 80%. 1 Aortic regurgitation develops as a complication of aortic dilatation [radiologykey.com]

Prognosis Although natural history studies have not delineated the annual mortality rate, 2-10% of sudden deaths are reported in untreated individuals with severe left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction, including subvalvar aortic stenosis [emedicine.medscape.com]

It is the form with favorable prognosis and better survival at 5 and 10 years. Our study tries to systematize the debut forms of early gastric cancer and their association with the lesions with malignisation risk. [rjme.ro]

Etiology The etiology of aorto-ventricular tunnel is uncertain. It appears to result from a combination of maldevelopment of the cushions which give rise to the pulmonary and aortic roots, and abnormal separation of these structures. [orpha.net]

This is a rare congenital cardiac anomaly first described by Levy and Lillehei in 1963. 3 Suggested Etiology 1. An example of coronary artery fistula 2. Persistence of embryonic rests of 5th arch 3. Intrauterine rupture of sinus Valsalva 4. [slideplayer.com]

Etiology The etiology of subvalvar aortic stenosis (SAS) still is not fully understood. [emedicine.medscape.com]

The etiology of ALVT is still unknown, and it is often confused with a coronary artery fistula. Echocardiography is usually performed to delineate the tunnel with its aortic, coronary, and LV relationships. [365yixue.com]

There were many speculations about etiology of the tunnel, ranging from congenital to acquired nature of the defect. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Summary Epidemiology The exact incidence is unknown, estimates ranging from 0.5% of fetal cardiac malformations to less than 0.1% of congenitally malformed hearts in clinico-pathological series. [orpha.net]

However, the Newfoundland dog has been shown to experience an increased incidence of subaortic membranes, which may in part be secondary to inbreeding and is consistent with an autosomal inheritance. [10] Epidemiology The approximate incidence of congenital [emedicine.medscape.com]

Epidemiology The incidence of aorto-left ventricular tunnel has been variably estimated to be around 0.1% of congenitally malformed hearts from review of clinical and pathological material [ 25 ], 0.05% among patients undergoing cardiac catheterization [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The Congenital Heart Defects are presented with each chapter devoted to a single malformation, with incidence, morphology, associated anomalies, pathophysiology, diagnosis (including clinical pattern, electrocardiogram, chest X-ray, echocardiogram, cardiac [books.google.com]

(See Pathophysiology and Treatment and Management.) Go to Aortic Stenosis for more complete information on this topic. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Treatment and prognosis In the majority of cases, even when the patient is asymptomatic, early surgical intervention is required to prevent permanent left ventricular dysfunction. [radiopaedia.org]

Children’s heart conditions can’t be prevented, but a lot can be done to improve and often completely repair their hearts at any age. [nemours.org]

Folic acid supplementation remarkably reversed LV dilation, prevented apoptosis, decreased oxidative stress, and increased both VEGF isoform expression and capillary density despite continued volume overload induced by ACF. [fasebj.org]

Progressive aneurysmal dilatation of the aortic root in patients repaired at an older age is important and avoidable because of aortic regurgitation.[ 24 ] Hence, early correction is indicated not only to prevent heart failure but also to prevent progression [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]