Malformations of the brain or less likely, the spinal cord, should be considered in an otherwise healthy infant who presents with apnea at birth. [doi.org]

Both included studies were randomized double-blind placebo control prevention trials among babies CONCLUSION: Present evidence does not support the regular use of carnitine for the prevention of apnea of prematurity. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Visual Impairment

  Postnatal characteristics such as hearing and visual impairments during NICU stay were noted and same were followed up. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  impairment, sensorineural deafness, varying degrees of mental retardation, and even death. 13 It is interesting to note, however, that AOP does not seem to be a future determinant of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). 9,14 Goals of Therapy The clinical [uspharmacist.com]

  There were no infants with a hearing impairment in either group, and only one infant with visual impairment (doxapram group). Univariate analysis of infants with a MDI/PDI 2 ). [karger.com]

• Dermatitis

  Adverse events occurred in only one of 132 infants: erosive dermatitis developed on the nose after application of Re-NCPAP. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Indecisiveness

  However, Clinicians show indecision in choosing the right agent for Apnea of Prematurity in most of the developing countries. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Quadriplegia

  […] longer than the age of term gestation are often very premature (24-28 weeks’ gestation) and/or have known neurologic dysfunction. 11,12 Complications Consequences of untreated or inadequately treated AOP are extensive and include spastic diplegia or quadriplegia [uspharmacist.com]

• Subglottic Narrowing

  Direct laryngoscopy to assess the vocal cords and subglottic area and to look for the presence of laryngomalacia and whether there is edema around the vocal cords suggesting GER, or subglottic narrowing in an infant who was previously intubated. [clinicaladvisor.com]

• Bilirubin Increased

  We hypothesized that in this population, as bilirubin increases and causes auditory brainstem dysfunction, respiratory control system may also be adversely affected leading to increased frequency of AoP. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Decreased Functional Residual Capacity

  Paradoxical chest movement may predispose the baby to apnea by decreasing functional residual capacity (FRC) and limiting oxygenation. [22] Chemoreceptors and mechanoreceptors Complex relationships exist between respiratory control; several sites of central [emedicine.com]

RESULTS: Thirty-seven neonates received theophylline (T) and 33 caffeine (C) for treatment (8 T/10 C) or prevention of apnea (29 T/23 C). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] metabolism* Hypoxia/complications Hypoxia/metabolism* Infant, Newborn Infant, Premature/metabolism Infant, Premature, Diseases*/etiology Infant, Premature, Diseases*/metabolism Infant, Premature, Diseases*/physiopathology Infant, Premature, Diseases*/therapy Prognosis [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Prognosis is excellent; apnea resolves in most premature neonates by 37 weeks postmenstrual age and in almost all premature infants by 44 weeks postmenstrual age. [merckmanuals.com]

Because the prognosis is excellent and because the infant is not compromised, no treatment is usually required. [emedicine.com]

Publication type, MeSH terms, Substances Publication type Review MeSH terms Apnea*/etiology Apnea*/metabolism Apnea*/physiopathology Apnea*/therapy Arrhythmias, Cardiac/chemically induced Brain Stem/drug effects Brain Stem/growth & development Caffeine [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Its etiology is often multi factorial and diagnosis of idiopathic forms requires exclusion of other underlying diseases. [jpnim.com]

The definition and classification of apnea are discussed, as well as its epidemiology and natural history. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The purpose of this clinical report is to review the evidence basis for the defi nition, epidemiology, and treatment of apnea of prematurity as well as discharge recommendations for preterm infants diagnosed with recurrent apneic events. [jhu.pure.elsevier.com]

Epidemiology [ edit ] Apnea of prematurity occurs in at least 85 percent of infants who are born at less than 34 weeks of gestation. [en.wikipedia.org]

The pathophysiology of apnea is considered in detail, including the chemosensory and reflex input that modulates respiration and the involvement of upper airway control in the etiology of obstructive apnea. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

"Pathophysiologic Mechanisms Underlying Apnea of Prematurity". NeoReviews. 3 (4): e59–e65. doi : 10.1542/neo.3-4-e59. Baird, T.M.; et al. (2002). "Clinical Associations, Treatment, and Outcome of Apnea of Prematurity". [en.wikipedia.org]

Both included studies were randomized double-blind placebo control prevention trials among babies CONCLUSION: Present evidence does not support the regular use of carnitine for the prevention of apnea of prematurity. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]