Effects of betel nut There are various compounds present in the nut, most importantly arecoline. Arecoline is the primary active ingredient responsible for the central nervous system effects of the areca nut. [worldherbals.com]

[…] record CAB Abstracts Indonesia Present Planted, Natural Malaysia Present Planted, Natural Myanmar Present Witt and Luke, 2017 Pakistan Present Planted Philippines Present Planted, Natural Sri Lanka Present Planted, Natural Taiwan Unconfirmed record Planted [cabi.org]

The four major alkaloids present in areca nut are arecoline, arecaidine, guvacoline and guvacine. Upon cutting, the nut reveals two kinds of regions; white and brown. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The present paper aims at compiling such literature on this medicinal palm which is abundantly grown in several south and southeast Asian countries. How to Cite Bhat Sarpangala, K., Ashwin, *Devasya, & Sarpangala, M. (2017). [ijapr.in]

• Pain

  In addition, Arecanut Palm leaves stimulate the central nervous system, relieve pain, stomach ailments, gynecological disorders and a sore throat. Therapeutic constituents: Arecanut contains an alkaloid compound called arecoline. [herbfinder.himalayawellness.in]

  The oil prepared with puga is applied in a backache, waist pain and other Vata vyadhi. The powder of nut, mixed with lime juice / milk is good for anorexia, diarrhoea, dysentery and worms. [ayurvitewellness.com]

  Boils and carbuncles are generally inflamed, painful lumps. Compared with acne, boils are generally more painful, inflamed, and reddened around the border. Diagnosis Skin abscesses, boils, and related conditions are diagnosed by visual inspection. [livingnaturally.com]

• Diarrhea

  Arecanut tannins are predominantly catechol tannins, which are beneficial in diarrhea and urinary disorders. [herbfinder.himalayawellness.in]

  High doses can cause diarrhea and dizziness. One of the consequences of long-term use is a light addiction. [herbsofthegods.nl]

  Use with cholinergic drugs may cause toxicity (salivation, increased tearing, incontinence, sweating, diarrhea, vomiting, or fever). [livingnaturally.com]

  Khadira – Kramuka Yoga Indications Puga Areca catechu is indicated in following diseases – Shweta pradara (leucorrhea) Vata vyadhi (neuro, muscular and skeletal problem) Kati shoola (low back pain) Aruchi (loss of appetite) Atisara (dysentery) Pravahika (diarrhea [ayurvitewellness.com]

• Vomiting

  […] blood pressure red face and feeling warm sweating. 3 People who use betel nut for the first time, and people who have used it before who take a large amount or a strong batch, may experience the following: tremors 4 dizziness upset stomach, diarrhoea, vomiting [adf.org.au]

  Use with cholinergic drugs may cause toxicity (salivation, increased tearing, incontinence, sweating, diarrhea, vomiting, or fever). [livingnaturally.com]

  Known Hazards Excessive use of this plant causes profuse salivation, vomiting and stupor[ ]. Botanical References Range E. [tropical.theferns.info]

• Abdominal Pain

  Some of its medicinal functions are as follows: for relief of hunger, abdominal pains and exhaustion; against intestinal parasites and other pathogens; against tapeworms (in veterinary medicine); against anemia, leucoderma, leprosy, and obesity; as a [pfaf.org]

• Nausea

  Chewing betel nuts can also cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomach cramps, chest pain, high or low blood pressure, and irregular heart beats. A heart attack occurred in a man immediately after chewing betel nut. [livingnaturally.com]

• Fracture

  Vigorous use of water jets should be avoided with fractures, known blood clots, bleeding disorders, severe osteoporosis, open wounds, or during pregnancy. [livingnaturally.com]

• Blurred Vision

  Betel nut and chemicals in betel leaves may cause skin color changes, dilated pupils, blurred vision, wheezing/difficulty breathing, and increased breathing rate. [livingnaturally.com]

• Confusion

  May be confused with Adonidia merrillii, but Adonidia usually has a larger stem diameter for any given height, and it's fruits are held in much denser clusters. The apical leaflets of Adonidia are not fused as are those of the betel nut palm. [idtools.org]

  Other problems may include confusion, problems with eye movement, psychosis, amnesia, stimulant effects, and a feeling of euphoria. [livingnaturally.com]

  Cyathea cunninghamii (Palm fern [33] ) and other Tree ferns (families Cyatheaceae and Dicksoniaceae ) that may be confused with palms. Setaria palmifolia (Palm grass [33] ), a Poaceae. [en.wikipedia.org]

• Seizure

  After adjustment for all of the above variables, on average, chewers had 58.7% fewer [95%CI: (-79.4, -17.0)] seizures in the prior month, equating to 2.1 fewer [95% CI: (-3.9, -0.3)] seizures. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Seizure has been reported with high doses. "Cholinergic" toxicity symptoms from betel use may include salivation, increased tearing, lack of urinary control (incontinence), sweating, diarrhea, and fever. [livingnaturally.com]

  Seizure 12(6):406–408 CrossRef PubMed Google Scholar Huang SF, Chuang WY, Chen IH, Liao CT, Wang HM, Hsieh LL (2009) EGFR protein overexpression and mutation in areca quid-associated oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma in Taiwan. [link.springer.com]

In modern day medicine, antibiotic treatments are generally advocated for such injuries. [ijapr.in]

Treatment of OSF may be attempted to increase oral opening. [oralhealthgroup.com]

It was also noted that significantly fewer betel chewers were taking anti-cholinergic medication, which may tentatively indicate a potentially therapeutic role in the future for partial muscarinic agonists in the treatment of medication-induced movement [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The Malays use the leaves in a treatment for diarrhoea in children. Chek Jawa, Oct 09 Flowers. Fruits. Chek Jawa, Oct 09 Chek Jawa, Oct 09 [wildsingapore.com]

It is now well established that the chronic placement in the mouth of areca nut-containing products is the major etiological factor for the submucosal changes. [oralhealthgroup.com]

RESULTS: Nine epidemiological studies show clear evidence of abuse and dependence in tobacco-free ANcBQ and/or ANcBQ+Tobacco chewers. Dependency is greater if ANcBQ contains tobacco. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The new evaluation of betel quid without tobacco was made possible by recent epidemiologic studies from parts of the world where tobacco generally is not added to the betel quid. [who.int]

References ↵ Gupta PC, Ray CS: Epidemiology of betel quid usage. Ann Acad Med Singapore 33 : 31 –36, 2004 ↵ Abate N, Chandalia M: Ethnicity and type 2 diabetes: focus on Asian Indians. [care.diabetesjournals.org]

Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, Vol. 34, Issue. 6, p. 467. CrossRef Google Scholar Phillips, Peter A. 2007. [cambridge.org]

Epidemiology of Betel Quid Usage. Ann Acad Med Singapore. 2004; 33 (suppl):31S-36S 2. Yusuf H, Yong SL. Oral submucosal fibrosis in a 12-year old Bangladeshi boy: A case report and review of the literature. [oralhealthgroup.com]

The best form of invasive species management is prevention. If prevention is no longer possible, it is best to treat the weed infestations when they are small to prevent them from establishing (early detection and rapid response). [keys.lucidcentral.org]

Keshava Bhat Sarpangala Executive Officer, Arecanut Research and Development Foundation®, Varanashi Towers, Mangaluru, Karnataka *Devasya Ashwin Senior Lecturer, Dept of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Kannur dental college, Kannur, Kerala state [ijapr.in]

According to one study published in the journal Cancer Prevention Research, betel nut has cancer-fighting properties. [healthline.com]